New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the...New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.展开更多
The potential indirect effects of soil applied herbicides have not been adequately explored. The objective of this study was to explore the potential and relative importance of the indirect effects of halosulfuron app...The potential indirect effects of soil applied herbicides have not been adequately explored. The objective of this study was to explore the potential and relative importance of the indirect effects of halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) on several weed species common in white bean fields in Ontario. Halosulfuron applied PPI at 35 g ai ha-1 delayed common lambsquarters and wild mustard emergence and reduced their densities over 70%. It did not delay green foxtail emergence, but the density was decreased over 30%. Indirect herbicidal effects such as delayed emergence timing may be important for weed management in non-competitive crops such as white bean. Based on these results, the indirect effects of soil applied herbicides are real and are potentially important for providing additional prevention of yield loss in field crops. This may be particularly important for relatively non-competitive crops such as white bean and for reducing weed seed return to the seedbank.展开更多
Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to d...Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 in dry bean. Bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha–1. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. Bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.展开更多
通过田间小区试验验证了47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对水稻旱直播田杂草的防效及对水稻的安全性。结果表明:药后15、45 d,47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理后对稗属杂草、千金子、马唐...通过田间小区试验验证了47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对水稻旱直播田杂草的防效及对水稻的安全性。结果表明:药后15、45 d,47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理后对稗属杂草、千金子、马唐、鳢肠、耳叶水苋、异型莎草、碎米莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均达90%以上,水稻的株高和茎蘖数与人工除草处理无显著差异;收获时测产,47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理后,水稻的有效穗数、穗粒数和理论产量与人工除草处理无显著差异。47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理可有效防除水稻旱直播田多种杂草,对水稻安全。展开更多
通过田间试验验证47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对麦田杂草的防效及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 057.5、1 903.5 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理后小麦的株高、茎蘖数、鲜质量、有效穗数、穗粒数、理论...通过田间试验验证47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对麦田杂草的防效及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 057.5、1 903.5 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理后小麦的株高、茎蘖数、鲜质量、有效穗数、穗粒数、理论产量与人工除草处理无显著差异,对小麦安全,且对菵草、繁缕、荠菜等杂草防效较佳。展开更多
Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemer...Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides is influenced by the herbicide carrier (water vs. UAN at 200 L•ha<sup>-1</sup>). There was no significant interaction between the carrier and herbicide for visible injury, plant stand, plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield. There was also no significant difference between the herbicide carriers for all parameters measured except for the shoot dry weight which was 6.5% greater when UAN was used as the carrier with PPI herbicides. Dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE caused no visible injury except for imazethapyr PPI which caused 2% visible injury and dimethenamid-p PRE which caused 7% - 14% injury in white bean. There was no effect of the PPI and PRE herbicides evaluated on white bean stand, shoot dry weight, height, maturity and yield. Based on these results, using water or UAN could be used as the carrier for PPI and PRE herbicides in white bean.展开更多
为明确氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性,采用田间药效试验方法对其进行了研究。研究发现:氯吡嘧磺隆(15、17.5、20、22.5、25 g a.i./hm2)与烟嘧磺隆(45、52.5 g a.i./hm2)混用对香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐...为明确氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性,采用田间药效试验方法对其进行了研究。研究发现:氯吡嘧磺隆(15、17.5、20、22.5、25 g a.i./hm2)与烟嘧磺隆(45、52.5 g a.i./hm2)混用对香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐均有较高的防效,总体鲜重防效大于95%,尤其对香附子鲜重防效大于97%。氯吡嘧磺隆和烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米是安全的,通过氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆的混用,玉米产量增产率均高于10%。本研究结果表明,氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用可有效防除香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐等夏玉米田常见杂草,尤其是对香附子具有优异的防除效果,并且对玉米安全。展开更多
为明确75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG对大棚番茄地阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草的防除效果,2011年在田间进行了药效评价试验。结果表明:75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG 67.5～90 g a.i./hm2于大棚番茄移栽前进行土壤喷雾处理,对大棚番茄地凹头苋、铁苋菜等阔叶杂草和香...为明确75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG对大棚番茄地阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草的防除效果,2011年在田间进行了药效评价试验。结果表明:75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG 67.5～90 g a.i./hm2于大棚番茄移栽前进行土壤喷雾处理,对大棚番茄地凹头苋、铁苋菜等阔叶杂草和香附子等莎草科杂草具有良好的防除效果。药后20 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG67.5～90 g a.i./hm2对上述杂草总体株防效为75.16%～77.20%,药后40 d对上述杂草总体株防效和总体鲜重防效分别为74.79%～76.19%、81.68%～82.13%。该药剂对大棚番茄安全,且有不同程度的增产效果,可以在田间推广应用。展开更多
文摘New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.
文摘The potential indirect effects of soil applied herbicides have not been adequately explored. The objective of this study was to explore the potential and relative importance of the indirect effects of halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) on several weed species common in white bean fields in Ontario. Halosulfuron applied PPI at 35 g ai ha-1 delayed common lambsquarters and wild mustard emergence and reduced their densities over 70%. It did not delay green foxtail emergence, but the density was decreased over 30%. Indirect herbicidal effects such as delayed emergence timing may be important for weed management in non-competitive crops such as white bean. Based on these results, the indirect effects of soil applied herbicides are real and are potentially important for providing additional prevention of yield loss in field crops. This may be particularly important for relatively non-competitive crops such as white bean and for reducing weed seed return to the seedbank.
文摘Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 in dry bean. Bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha–1. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. Bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.
文摘通过田间小区试验验证了47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对水稻旱直播田杂草的防效及对水稻的安全性。结果表明:药后15、45 d,47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理后对稗属杂草、千金子、马唐、鳢肠、耳叶水苋、异型莎草、碎米莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均达90%以上,水稻的株高和茎蘖数与人工除草处理无显著差异;收获时测产,47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理后,水稻的有效穗数、穗粒数和理论产量与人工除草处理无显著差异。47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂705~1 410 g a.i./hm^2播后苗前喷雾处理可有效防除水稻旱直播田多种杂草,对水稻安全。
文摘通过田间试验验证47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对麦田杂草的防效及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 057.5、1 903.5 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理后小麦的株高、茎蘖数、鲜质量、有效穗数、穗粒数、理论产量与人工除草处理无显著差异,对小麦安全,且对菵草、繁缕、荠菜等杂草防效较佳。
文摘Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides is influenced by the herbicide carrier (water vs. UAN at 200 L•ha<sup>-1</sup>). There was no significant interaction between the carrier and herbicide for visible injury, plant stand, plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield. There was also no significant difference between the herbicide carriers for all parameters measured except for the shoot dry weight which was 6.5% greater when UAN was used as the carrier with PPI herbicides. Dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE caused no visible injury except for imazethapyr PPI which caused 2% visible injury and dimethenamid-p PRE which caused 7% - 14% injury in white bean. There was no effect of the PPI and PRE herbicides evaluated on white bean stand, shoot dry weight, height, maturity and yield. Based on these results, using water or UAN could be used as the carrier for PPI and PRE herbicides in white bean.
文摘为明确氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性,采用田间药效试验方法对其进行了研究。研究发现:氯吡嘧磺隆(15、17.5、20、22.5、25 g a.i./hm2)与烟嘧磺隆(45、52.5 g a.i./hm2)混用对香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐均有较高的防效,总体鲜重防效大于95%,尤其对香附子鲜重防效大于97%。氯吡嘧磺隆和烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米是安全的,通过氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆的混用,玉米产量增产率均高于10%。本研究结果表明,氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用可有效防除香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐等夏玉米田常见杂草,尤其是对香附子具有优异的防除效果,并且对玉米安全。
文摘为明确75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG对大棚番茄地阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草的防除效果,2011年在田间进行了药效评价试验。结果表明:75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG 67.5～90 g a.i./hm2于大棚番茄移栽前进行土壤喷雾处理,对大棚番茄地凹头苋、铁苋菜等阔叶杂草和香附子等莎草科杂草具有良好的防除效果。药后20 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG67.5～90 g a.i./hm2对上述杂草总体株防效为75.16%～77.20%,药后40 d对上述杂草总体株防效和总体鲜重防效分别为74.79%～76.19%、81.68%～82.13%。该药剂对大棚番茄安全,且有不同程度的增产效果,可以在田间推广应用。
