《春秋》“雨木冰”异象书写的汉、宋学诠释进程

《春秋》为灾异言说之肇始,而异常气象是灾异的重要组成部分。以“雨木冰”为例,《春秋》三传起初目的是正人事仪则,而汉儒通过“天人感通”之说结合阴阳五行学说加强了灾异的神秘感验性,更以京氏易等术数思想使得神异的主观随意性解说变得固定化和学理化,从而形成了后代“木冰兆凶,应验在大臣”的固定认知,透露着汉代的类感思维与灾异说“以果觅因”的特质。宋人之学重义理,对于雨木冰现象有了较为合理的认识,更掀起对“正朔”问题的讨论,体现出理学的正面影响。但宋学穿凿义理之弊,又造成了异象诠释变得支离。在汉、宋之学的共同影响下,雨木冰的诠释既有符合万物之理的一面,又长期未脱离占验的神秘化理解。

基于河洛文化传承下汉服IP品牌形象构建的研究

将河洛文化中的隋唐盛世、牡丹文化和诗词等元素符号在汉服中呈现与表达,并将其应用在牡丹节、龙门石窟景区建设等方面,构建汉服IP形象,有助于提高汉服品牌辨识度与价值感,提升河洛文化软实力和国际影响力,推动河洛文化传承发展。

汉代易学的审美面向——以《淮南子》《春秋繁露》为考察中心

《淮南子》和《春秋繁露》算不上专门的易学著作,但是从中我们能看到相关的易学思想。受此影响,两书的相关易学论述可以认为是汉代易学的另一种样态,是先秦义理易学的进一步延伸。它们与汉代美学体系之间的建构可以归结为汉代人有关天人关系的直接呈现,与汉代美学之间的意义产生可能性在于直面思想意识及其生活世界。汉代人在正常观照和体验天下宇宙时是有意识的审美,也具备艺术的嗅觉。从辨物体道走向成人之行,其思维方式逐渐具象化,人的自身重新得到关注,易学的形态化向生活世界的审美化回归。无论是《淮南子》中的神话书写,还是《春秋繁露》中具有神学色彩的“天人感应”部分,都可以把它们纳入同一种形式进行讨论。它们都在表达特定的意义或者观念,给予了汉代易学与审美以正当性的地位。

汉赋在清代的多元传播及其功能意义

汉赋在清代迎来传播的高峰,这是多种合力促成的结果。其传播渠道有:文字传播包括选本编集、赋话撰写、书肆流通、官私藏书、拟作学习、引用注释、书画创作,口头传播则有诵赋、演赋、教赋、歌赋。传播主体分布于社会各个阶层,出于不同的传播目的,发挥不同的传播功用。具体言之,汉赋传播具有文教功能、应试功能、盈利功能、交际功能和服务功能。立足赋学视域,汉赋传播裨益于清代士子作赋,其要在学问和法度两端。而于今之治赋者,汉赋传播的价值在于积存富饶的赋学资源,从中可窥清人对传统赋论的总结和超越,留予后人研究和再阐释的广阔空间。

从《伤寒论》研究“经学化”再视清代医学的寒温之争

在清代仲景圣化的背景下,医家们尊奉《伤寒论》为经典,使得《伤寒论》研究呈现经学化特点,即对仲景原文的注释和回归。这一研究特点也引发了伤寒与温病知识的革新,形成清代医学寒温争鸣的现象。一方面,《伤寒论》虽以论治冬季伤寒为主,但其中的六经辨证可被作为多种外感疾病,乃至所有疾病的治疗体系,包括温病在内;另一方面,温病知识脱离《伤寒论》文本,从而建构出区分于六经辨证、指导温病治疗的独立学说,并且通过突破季节、地域的限制和定义温病概念来拓展其应用范围。寒温争鸣的过程促进了外感病学术理论的进步,而其医学知识的生产、变革则与社会文化密切相关。

汉族传统服饰中的植物纹样与色彩研究

本文深入探讨了汉族传统服饰中植物纹样与色彩的运用及其文化内涵。通过对不同历史时期汉族服饰中植物纹样的演变和色彩搭配的研究,揭示了植物纹样与色彩在汉族服饰设计中的独特价值和审美意义。文章概述了汉族传统服饰的基本特征,分析了植物纹样在服饰中的表现形式和象征意义,进而探讨了色彩在植物纹样设计中的运用及其对服饰整体风格的影响。研究发现,植物纹样与色彩的巧妙结合不仅丰富了汉族服饰的艺术表现力,还体现了汉族人民对自然、生态和美好生活的向往与追求。本文的研究结果为当代汉族服饰设计提供了有益的启示和借鉴,有助于推动汉族传统服饰文化的传承与创新。

秦岭腹地深埋隧洞不良地质洞段固结灌浆试验研究

引汉济渭秦岭腹地深埋输水隧洞沿线的围岩地质和水文地质条件比较复杂,需要进行固结灌浆增强围岩的完整性、稳定性与防渗能力,选取试验区不良地质洞段进行研究,针对此区域实际地质和施工情况设计固结灌浆试验,对固结灌浆的施工方式、灌浆参数、人员设备、质量控制等进行综合评价,确定单位注入量、灌浆压力等试验参数。结果表明,随着灌浆压力增大各环序孔的灌入水泥单位注入量呈不断下降趋势,抬动观测均未发现抬动现象,检查孔的压水透水率均达到设计要求。说明此次固结灌浆试验取得了较好的成果,可为后续大面积施工和类似工程提供相关参考依据。

Association between PPARG genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population: a case-control study

Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-control study sought to identify the relationship between these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population. A total of 910 ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China as a case group, of whom 895 completed the study. The 883 healthy controls were recruited from the Health Check Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. All participants or family members provided informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University, China on February 20, 2012(approval No. 2012-38-1). The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559). Plasma genomic DNA was extracted from all participants and analyzed for rs1801282 and rs3856806 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between ischemic stroke and a particular genotype. Results demonstrated that the G allele frequency of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the G allele had a 1.844 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.286–2.645, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the rs3856806 T allele had a 1.366 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.077–1.733, P = 0.010). The distribution frequencies of the PPARG gene haplotypes rs1801282-rs3856806 in the control and case groups were determined. The frequency of distribution in the G-T haplotype case group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The risk of ischemic stroke increased to 2.953 times in individuals carrying the G-T haplotype(OR = 2.953, 95% CI: 2.082–4.190, P < 0.001). The rs1801282 G allele and rs3856806 T allele had a multiplicative interaction(OR = 3.404, 95% CI: 1.631–7.102, P < 0.001) and additive interaction(RERI = 41.705, 95% CI: 14.586–68.824, AP = 0.860;95% CI: 0.779–0.940;S = 8.170, 95% CI: 3.772–17.697) on ischemic stroke risk, showing a synergistic effect. Of all ischemic stroke cases, 86% were attributed to the interaction of the G allele of rs1801282 and the T allele of rs3856806. The effect of the PPARG rs1801282 G allele on ischemic stroke risk was enhanced in the presence of the rs3856806 T allele(OR = 8.001 vs. 1.844). The effect of the rs3856806 T allele on ischemic stroke risk was also enhanced in the presence of the rs1801282 G allele(OR = 2.546 vs. 1.366). Our results confirmed that the G allele of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus and the T allele of the rs3856806 locus may be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in the Han population of northern China, with a synergistic effect between the two alleles.

Associations between thromboxane A synthase 1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population

Thromboxane A synthase 1 （TBXAS1） catalyses the synthesis of thromboxane A2 （TXA2）, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Thus, the TBXAS1 gene was investigated as a candidate gene involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. This case-control study collected peripheral blood specimens and clinical data of 370 ischemic stroke patients and 340 healthy controls in the Northern Chinese Han population from October 2010 to May 2011. Two TBXAS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2267682 and rs10487667, were analyzed using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay to explore the relationships between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TBXAS1 and ischemic stroke. The TT genotype frequency and T allele frequency of rs2267682 in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls （P 〈 0.01 and P = 0.02）. Furthermore, compared with the GG ＋ GT genotype, the TT rs2267682 genotype was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke （odds ratio （OR） = 1.80, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.16–2.79, P 〈 0.01）. Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustments for confounding factors revealed that rs2267682 was still associated with ischemic stroke （OR = 1.94,95% CI ： 1.13–3.33, P = 0.02）. The frequency of the T-G haplotype in the patients was significantly higher than that in the controls according haplotype analysis （OR = 1.49, 95% CI： 1.10–2.00, P 〈 0.01）. These data reveal that the rs2267682 TBXAS1 polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke. The TT genotype of TBXAS1 and T allele of rs2267682 increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in this Northern Chinese Han population. The protocol has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （registration number： ChiCTR-COC-17013559）.

Association of G-protein coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2 with ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population of North China

The G-protein-coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2(P2RY2) plays an important role in the mechanism of atherosclerosis, which is relevant to ischemic stroke. This retrospective case-control study aimed to assess the relationship between P2RY2 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in the northern Han Chinese population. In this study, clinical data and peripheral blood specimens were collected from 378 ischemic stroke patients and 344 controls. The ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. The controls were recruited from the Health Check Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Ischemic stroke patients were divided into two subgroups according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST) classification: large-artery atherosclerosis(n = 178) and small-artery occlusion(n = 200) strokes. All subjects were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs4944831, rs1783596, and rs4944832) in the P2RY2 gene using peripheral venous blood samples. The distribution of the dominant rs4944832 phenotype(GG vs. GA+AA) differed significantly between small-artery occlusion patients and control subjects(odds ratio(OR) = 1.720, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.203–2.458, P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the GG genotype of rs4944832 was significantly more prevalent in small-artery occlusion patients than in control subjects(OR = 1.807, 95% CI: 1.215–2.687, P < 0.01). The overall distribution of the haplotype established by rs4944831-rs1783596-rs4944832 was significantly different between ischemic stroke patients and controls(P < 0.01). In ischemic stroke patients, the frequency of the G-C-G haplotype was significantly higher than in control subjects(P = 0.028), whereas the frequency of the T-C-A haplotype was lower than in control subjects(P = 0.047). These results indicate that the G-C-G haplotype of P2RY2 is a susceptibility haplotype for ischemic stroke. In addition, the GG genotype of rs4944832 may be associated with the development of small-artery occlusion in the northern Han Chinese population. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on February 20, 2012(No. 2012-38-1) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, China, on March 1, 2013(No. 2013-03-1). All participants gave their informed consent. This trial was registered with the ISRCTN Registry(ISRCTN11439124) on October 24, 2018. Protocol version(1.0).

Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese

BACKGROUND Hypertension(HTN)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are often coincident,and each condition is considered a risk factor for the other.Both occur frequently in the Inner Mongolia region of China.The reasons for differences in risk between Han and Mongolian ethnic groups are not known.The LEPR gene and its polymorphism,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),are both considered risk factors for HTN and T2DM,but any role of rs1137101 in the occurrence of HTN+T2DM remains unclear for Mongolian and Han populations in the Inner Mongolia region.AIM To investigate the relationship between rs1137101 and the occurrence of HTN with T2DM in Mongolian and Han populations in Inner Mongolia METHODS A total of 2652 subjects of Han and Mongolian ethnic origins were enrolled in the current study,including 908 healthy controls,1061 HTN patients and 683 HTN patients with T2DM.RESULTS The association between the rs1137101 polymorphism and HTN with T2DM was analyzed,and differences between Han and Mongolian individuals assessed.There was a significant correlation between rs1137101 and HTN(co-dominant,dominant,over-dominant and log-additive models)and HTN+T2DM(co-dominant,dominant,over-dominant and log-additive models)after adjustment for sex and age in individuals of Mongolian origin.rs1137101 was significantly associated with HTN(co-dominant,recessive and log-additive models)and HTN+T2DM(codominant,dominant,over-dominant and log-additive models)in the Han Chinese population.CONCLUSION Mongolian and Han subjects from Inner Mongolia with HTN who had rs1137101 were protected against the development of T2DM.Allele A has the opposite impact on the occurrence of HTN in Mongolian and Han Chinese populations.

Genetic polymorphisms in pri-let-7a-2 are associated with ischemic stroke risk in a Chinese Han population from Liaoning, China: a case-control study

Ischemic stroke is a complicated disease, and its pathogenesis has been attributed to the occurrence of genetic polymorphisms.Evidence has suggested that the microRNA let-7a is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Pri-miRNA is the primary transcript, which undergoes several processing steps to generate pre-miRNA and, later, mature miRNAs.In this case-control study, we analyzed the distribution of prilet-7a-2 variants in patients at a high risk for ischemic stroke and the interactions of pri-let-7a-2 variants and environmental factors.Blood samples and clinical information were collected from 1086 patients with ischemic stroke and 836 healthy controls between December 2013 and December 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.We found that the rs1143770 CC genotype and the C allele were associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke, whereas the rs629367 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke.Moreover, these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in this study sample.We analyzed gene-environment interactions and found that rs1143770 exerted a combined effect on the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, together with alcohol use, smoking, and a history of hypertension.Therefore, the detection of pri-let-7a-2 polymorphisms may increase the awareness of ischemic stroke risk.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China(approval No.2012-38-1) on February 20, 2012, and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559) on December 27, 2017.

Alienation between Han Fu and Study of Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty

Literatures in Han Dynasty are mostly seen as dependency of study of Confucian classics, study of Confucian classics has a great influence on Han Fu, by comprehensive view of the process of Hart Fu＇ s rise and fall, it＇ s not difficult to find that it is precisely because alienation between HanFu And study of Confucian classics in the process of integration which eventually leads to recession of Han Fu. Alienation between Han Fu and study of Confucian classics can glimpse from several aspects： Fu writers＇ status and mentality; historical background of Han Da Fu＇ s development; Han Fu＇ s own art

中国7省(自治区)汉族高中学生校园欺凌特征调查分析

目的了解中国7省(自治区)汉族中学生校园欺凌行为特征,为开展中学生校园欺凌防控提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对河北、河南、云南、四川、内蒙古、广西、新疆7个省(自治区)4457名汉族高中生进行校园欺凌状况的问卷调查,分析不同欺凌现状、形式、行为中的角色构成。结果4457名汉族高中生校园欺凌发生率为31.0%,被他人欺凌发生率为22.7%,城乡结合部、男生、父母关系不融洽、同学关系不融洽、有过留守经历的高中生欺凌、被欺凌发生率较高(P值均<0.05)。遭受校园欺凌发生率从高到低依次为言语欺凌(25.9%)、关系欺凌(10.8%)、身体欺凌(6.2%)、网络欺凌(5.0%)、财物欺凌(3.1%);5种校园欺凌发生率,男生高于女生,同学关系不融洽者高于融洽者、有留守经历的学生高于无留守经历的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。高中生校园欺凌参与角色中,未参与者占61.7%,欺凌者占15.5%,欺凌-被欺凌者占15.5%,被欺凌者占7.3%,不同居住地、年级、性别、父母婚姻、父母关系、同学关系、留守经历和是否独生子女的学生校园欺凌参与角色构成差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论中国高中生遭受校园欺凌情况不容乐观,应开展针对性干预。

韩愈对子夏作《毛诗序》的否定及其理论意义

中唐以前,《毛诗序》获得了学术话语的至高权威。这主要是因为前人相信子夏曾参与作《序》,使《毛诗序》获得了传授圣人之意的权威地位。而韩愈则提出三点理由否定子夏作《序》:一是《诗序》中的内容存在谬误疏陋之处;二是《毛诗序》中记载了诸侯的丑乱之迹、帷薄之私,这既不合六经旨意,也不被《春秋》所记载;三是《序》中的讽谏内容并不避讳尚在人世的诸侯及其后代,这不符合常理。韩愈否定子夏作《序》具有重要的理论意义:其一,动摇了《毛诗》及其经学阐释系统的权威性;其二,改变了传统的释《诗》方式;其三,开启了《诗经》宋学的新格局,有着不容忽视的转折作用。

汉代《诗经》学人才的地理分布及其变动

汉代《诗经》学人才的地理分布受历史遗风、都城所在地和经师传授等因素影响,呈现动态变化特征。汉初《诗经》学人才集中于鲁、东海、琅邪、山阳等郡国,徐州、兖州、豫州和青州等刺史部可谓学术中心。西汉中后期,京兆尹和右扶风所在的司隶成为新的中心。东汉时,司隶的右扶风和京兆尹、荆州的南阳、扬州的会稽和豫州的汝南等郡国都出现较多《诗经》学人才,而东海和琅邪所在的徐州、平原和齐所在的青州等渐趋衰落。在秦汉、汉代/汉朝/两汉等叙事语境下,东汉与西汉的差别容易被忽略,而东汉与西汉相比已经发生巨变,《诗经》学人才地理分布的变动即是例证。