目的分析不同肠道病毒分型感染的手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患儿的临床特征,并构建风险列线图预测模型,为HFMD防治提供依据。方法收集2017~2021年山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)收治的346例HFMD患儿的病例信息,按...目的分析不同肠道病毒分型感染的手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患儿的临床特征,并构建风险列线图预测模型,为HFMD防治提供依据。方法收集2017~2021年山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)收治的346例HFMD患儿的病例信息,按不同肠道病毒分为柯萨奇病毒A组16型组(n=26)、肠道病毒71型组(n=56)和肠道病毒通用型组(n=264),比较3组患儿的临床特征,构建儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎风险列线图模型,对模型预测效果进行验证。结果HFMD患儿年龄主要分布在1~3岁(81.21%),男女比例为1.56∶1,发病主高峰为6~8月、次高峰为10~11月,2017年以肠道病毒71型感染为主,2018~2021年以肠道病毒通用型感染为主。3组之间年龄、住院天数、是否发热、发热分型、发热持续天数、疱疹、斑疹、口部皮疹、膝关节皮疹、白细胞计数、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎的发生与住院天数及发热持续天数较长、丘疹及肠道病毒71型阳性呈正相关,与出疹天数较长呈负相关(P<0.05)。列线图模型显示,发生儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎概率为85.6%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.860。校正曲线显示,实际概率与预测概率一致性较好。决策曲线显示,模型基本对全阈值概率净收益明显。结论儿童HFMD季节性明显,呈双高峰,肠道病毒通用型是近年HFMD优势病原,感染不同肠道病毒的临床特征不同,风险列线图模型对儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎具有良好的早期预测效果,临床应用价值高,对预防和诊治儿童HFMD有重要意义。展开更多
Hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） has become a major public health problem in China since 2008,which has been widely prevalent in children under 5 years of age. According to the data of the Ministry of Health, the...Hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） has become a major public health problem in China since 2008,which has been widely prevalent in children under 5 years of age. According to the data of the Ministry of Health, the number of cases with HFMD exceeded 1 million during the recent 4 years. The major etiologic agent of HFMD is enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A 16. The main clinical manifestations of the disease include fever, maculopapular skin vesicles on the hand, foot and buttock, oral herpes, ulcer; ation severe cases there can be central nervous system infection and/or pulmonary hemorrhage, which are mostly caused by EV71 and may be life-threatening with a fatality rate of 0.3 to 0.5 per thousand cases. There are no specific antiviral drugs, nor vaccine against EV71.~ The difficult problem of the treatment is how to reduce the severe cases and mortality. Reduning injection is a preparation of traditional Chinese herbal medicine composed of Qinghao （Artemisiae annuae）, Jinyinhua （Flos lonicerae） and Zhizi （Gardenia jasminoides）, which was listed among the therapies for HFMD in the 2010 guidelines of the Ministry of Health for diagnosis and treatment of HFMD.2 We now reported the results of our study on the efficacy of Reduning injection in treatment of 81 patients with HFMD. We selected 81 cases who were inpatients treated in 2010 in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Quanzhou Chidren＇s Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows： 1. Patients who met either the clinical diagnostic criteria for HFMD ordinary clinical type or the clinical diagnostic criteria for confirmed cases of HFMD （etiologically confirmed cases must account for more than 1/3 of the cases）. 2. The axillary temperature is _〉37.5~C, within 48 hours after onset of the disease; 3. Skin changes such as the rashes and vesicles occurred in no more than 48 hours; 4. Range of age is between 1 and 13 years; 5. Patients or their parents or guardians are willing to participate in the study and sign the informed consent forms. The exclusion criteria were as follows： 1. Patients who are complicated with the following primary diseases： congenital heart disease, chronic hepatitis, acute or chronic nephritis, diseases of hematologic system; 2. Patients who have hypersensitivity with history of allergy to the study drugs or other drugs; 3. Patients who were treated with western or traditional Chinese medicines other than the study medicines for HFMD by the time of the visit to the hospital; 4. Patientswho have been participated in other clinical trial for HFMD. The patients were centrally randomized （the random numbers were obtained from the web version of the Randomization System of Clinical Studies, Clinical Evaluation Center of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 200907001-3） into the following 3 groups： Reduning group （group 1）, 28 cases with 21 men and 7 women; age 12-72 （mean 29.2＋18.8） months; 24 were positive for EV71, 2 were positive for CoxA16 and 2 were negative for both; treated with intravenous infusion of Reduning （Jiangsu Kangyuan Pharmaceutical Corporation, Ltd., 10 ml in each vial, Batch number 100122） at a dose of 0.5 ml.kg-＇.d＂ added into 10% glucose solution for injection, once a day. Symptomatic treatment group （group 2）, 27 cases with 19 male and 8 female; age 12-96 （mean 28.7＋20.4） months; 19 were positive for EV71, 3 were positive for CoxA16 and 5 were negative for both; these patients were treated with intravenous infusion of vitamin C （0.5-1.0 g/d） and B6 （50-100 mg/d） added into 10% glucose solution for injection and ibuprofen （5-10 mg/kg per day, 6-8 hours repeat p.r.n.） or Aspisol （15-25 mg＇kg＂.d1） was used for antipyretic purpose. Antibiotics were added for patients who had increased peripheral blood leukocyte count. And Reduning plus symptomatic treatment group （group 3）, had 26 cases with 17 male and 9 female; age 12-84 （mean 30.4＋16.6） months; 18 were positive for EV71, 4 were positive for CoxA16 and 5 were negative for both viruses; these cases were treated with both Reduning and symptomatic treatments. No significant difference was found among the 3 groups in age, sex and etiological characteristics compared using chi-square test （P 〉0.05）. The numbers of patients who were positive for EV7I or CoxA 16 accounted for 75.3% and 11.1% for each group.展开更多
文摘目的分析不同肠道病毒分型感染的手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患儿的临床特征,并构建风险列线图预测模型,为HFMD防治提供依据。方法收集2017~2021年山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)收治的346例HFMD患儿的病例信息,按不同肠道病毒分为柯萨奇病毒A组16型组(n=26)、肠道病毒71型组(n=56)和肠道病毒通用型组(n=264),比较3组患儿的临床特征,构建儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎风险列线图模型,对模型预测效果进行验证。结果HFMD患儿年龄主要分布在1~3岁(81.21%),男女比例为1.56∶1,发病主高峰为6~8月、次高峰为10~11月,2017年以肠道病毒71型感染为主,2018~2021年以肠道病毒通用型感染为主。3组之间年龄、住院天数、是否发热、发热分型、发热持续天数、疱疹、斑疹、口部皮疹、膝关节皮疹、白细胞计数、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎的发生与住院天数及发热持续天数较长、丘疹及肠道病毒71型阳性呈正相关,与出疹天数较长呈负相关(P<0.05)。列线图模型显示,发生儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎概率为85.6%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.860。校正曲线显示,实际概率与预测概率一致性较好。决策曲线显示,模型基本对全阈值概率净收益明显。结论儿童HFMD季节性明显,呈双高峰,肠道病毒通用型是近年HFMD优势病原,感染不同肠道病毒的临床特征不同,风险列线图模型对儿童HFMD合并脑干脑炎具有良好的早期预测效果,临床应用价值高,对预防和诊治儿童HFMD有重要意义。
文摘Hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） has become a major public health problem in China since 2008,which has been widely prevalent in children under 5 years of age. According to the data of the Ministry of Health, the number of cases with HFMD exceeded 1 million during the recent 4 years. The major etiologic agent of HFMD is enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A 16. The main clinical manifestations of the disease include fever, maculopapular skin vesicles on the hand, foot and buttock, oral herpes, ulcer; ation severe cases there can be central nervous system infection and/or pulmonary hemorrhage, which are mostly caused by EV71 and may be life-threatening with a fatality rate of 0.3 to 0.5 per thousand cases. There are no specific antiviral drugs, nor vaccine against EV71.~ The difficult problem of the treatment is how to reduce the severe cases and mortality. Reduning injection is a preparation of traditional Chinese herbal medicine composed of Qinghao （Artemisiae annuae）, Jinyinhua （Flos lonicerae） and Zhizi （Gardenia jasminoides）, which was listed among the therapies for HFMD in the 2010 guidelines of the Ministry of Health for diagnosis and treatment of HFMD.2 We now reported the results of our study on the efficacy of Reduning injection in treatment of 81 patients with HFMD. We selected 81 cases who were inpatients treated in 2010 in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Quanzhou Chidren＇s Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows： 1. Patients who met either the clinical diagnostic criteria for HFMD ordinary clinical type or the clinical diagnostic criteria for confirmed cases of HFMD （etiologically confirmed cases must account for more than 1/3 of the cases）. 2. The axillary temperature is _〉37.5~C, within 48 hours after onset of the disease; 3. Skin changes such as the rashes and vesicles occurred in no more than 48 hours; 4. Range of age is between 1 and 13 years; 5. Patients or their parents or guardians are willing to participate in the study and sign the informed consent forms. The exclusion criteria were as follows： 1. Patients who are complicated with the following primary diseases： congenital heart disease, chronic hepatitis, acute or chronic nephritis, diseases of hematologic system; 2. Patients who have hypersensitivity with history of allergy to the study drugs or other drugs; 3. Patients who were treated with western or traditional Chinese medicines other than the study medicines for HFMD by the time of the visit to the hospital; 4. Patientswho have been participated in other clinical trial for HFMD. The patients were centrally randomized （the random numbers were obtained from the web version of the Randomization System of Clinical Studies, Clinical Evaluation Center of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 200907001-3） into the following 3 groups： Reduning group （group 1）, 28 cases with 21 men and 7 women; age 12-72 （mean 29.2＋18.8） months; 24 were positive for EV71, 2 were positive for CoxA16 and 2 were negative for both; treated with intravenous infusion of Reduning （Jiangsu Kangyuan Pharmaceutical Corporation, Ltd., 10 ml in each vial, Batch number 100122） at a dose of 0.5 ml.kg-＇.d＂ added into 10% glucose solution for injection, once a day. Symptomatic treatment group （group 2）, 27 cases with 19 male and 8 female; age 12-96 （mean 28.7＋20.4） months; 19 were positive for EV71, 3 were positive for CoxA16 and 5 were negative for both; these patients were treated with intravenous infusion of vitamin C （0.5-1.0 g/d） and B6 （50-100 mg/d） added into 10% glucose solution for injection and ibuprofen （5-10 mg/kg per day, 6-8 hours repeat p.r.n.） or Aspisol （15-25 mg＇kg＂.d1） was used for antipyretic purpose. Antibiotics were added for patients who had increased peripheral blood leukocyte count. And Reduning plus symptomatic treatment group （group 3）, had 26 cases with 17 male and 9 female; age 12-84 （mean 30.4＋16.6） months; 18 were positive for EV71, 4 were positive for CoxA16 and 5 were negative for both viruses; these cases were treated with both Reduning and symptomatic treatments. No significant difference was found among the 3 groups in age, sex and etiological characteristics compared using chi-square test （P 〉0.05）. The numbers of patients who were positive for EV7I or CoxA 16 accounted for 75.3% and 11.1% for each group.
