A principle, which has usually been applied to biochemical treatment for waste water is presently introduced into the study on marine microbiological ecology and employed in the estimation of environmental capacity. B...A principle, which has usually been applied to biochemical treatment for waste water is presently introduced into the study on marine microbiological ecology and employed in the estimation of environmental capacity. By means of a selection of 3 models for the microbial growth or for its oxygen consumption and determinations of concerned parameters in the field and the laboratory, the environmental capacity for the Western Xiamen Harbour is evaluated to be 37 t·d-1 of BOD5 in gross or 28 t·d-1 in net (with some 25% of the gross capacity consumed by a present ecosystem) if BOD5 is controlled without excess of 3 mg·din-3 in the sea water; it means that an amount of domestic waste water equal to 28 t of BOD5 can be naturally self-purified in this sea area everyday. Furthermore it is found that the K value, a constant of oxygen-consumed kinetics, shows possitive correlation to the concentration of BOD5 in the same system and total bacterial number (TB) in the seawater also to BOD5 with a regression equation TB (108 dm-3)=9. 91×BOD5 (mg·dm-3) + 1. 74 (n=32, r=0. 544 1, P<0. 01).展开更多
Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-dep...Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-depth description of the harbour ice problem and the applicability of the bubblers. A numerical method of flow and heat-transfer is used to predict the effectiveness of the air bubblers in controlling the ice accumulation in the harbours. Empirical models of formatting and melting the ice are presented and used in the numerical solutions. It shows that the numerical method can realistically predict the ice-melting effect of the air bubblers.展开更多
After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can no...After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.展开更多
A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI m...A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor. Firstly, the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests, and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model. Then model tests on refraction, diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution. Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.展开更多
This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins ...This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins which was first put forward in China by the authors. In consideration of silty sediment and sand, some factors in forecasting methods have been changed and modified. Consequently, the modified methods can be used either to compute siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins on muddy beach or to compute siltation and scouring in navigation channels and harbour basins on both silty beach and sandy beach. The verification of field data from eleven large, medium and small natural harbours shows a good agreement between the forecasting by the modified method and the natural conditions. Finally, the paper deals with the rational utilization of water area after the construction of the West Dyke in Lianyungang, the maintenance of water depth of the navigation channel at the entrance, siltation distribution, siltation in the navigation channel and harbour basin for ships of 100 thousand tonnnage. Results once again prove that the prospect of constructing Lianyungang Harbour into a deepwater harbour is bright.展开更多
The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integra...The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health展开更多
A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of whi...A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of which was a control station, and a total of nine heavy metals were analyzed. In the sediment samples, concentrations of iron (Fe: 57.972 ±1.226 −116.250 ±0.554 μg⋅g−1 DW), copper (Cu: 5.790 ±0.250 −14.770 ±0.270 μg⋅g−1 DW), cadmium (Cd: 0.070 ±0.016 −0.232 ±0.005 μg⋅g−1 DW), lead (Pb: 55.100 ±0.540 −4.652 ±0.066 μg⋅g−1 DW), chrome (Cr: 9.232 ±0.046 −28.640 ±0.377 μg⋅g−1 DW), zinc (Zn: 4.592 ±?0.300 −54.322 ±0.437 μg⋅g−1 DW), arsenic (As: 2.702 ±0.233 −6.332 ±0.186 μg⋅g−1 DW), manganese (Mn: 21.175 ±0.374 −41.465 ±0.410 μg⋅g−1 DW), nickel (Ni: 9.272 ±0.042 −54.230 ±0.158 μg⋅g−1 DW), total phosphorus (TP: 0.160 ±0.003 −0.250 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), total nitrogen (TN: 0.111 ±0.001 −0.161 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), organic matter (OM: 0.767 ±0.010 −1.750 ±0,009 μg⋅g−1 DW), total organic carbon (TOC: 1.450 ±0.001 −4.407 <span展开更多
This report describes growth and annual reproductive cycle of female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) rescued from Japanese water in 2007. The maximum body length was 179 cm and body weight was 69.8 kg. The averag...This report describes growth and annual reproductive cycle of female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) rescued from Japanese water in 2007. The maximum body length was 179 cm and body weight was 69.8 kg. The average daily food consumption was 7.0 kg (ranging 3.7 - 9.9 kg), 11.8% of the body weight. In this report, the porpoise was kept in 17 °C water annually and the blubber thicknesses showed almost constant throughout the year (average 18 mm, range 13 - 22 mm). Therefore, we added new evidence to this hypothesis by showing that body weight and the blubber thickness do not fluctuate seasonally in fixed water temperature. Serum progesterone level of the female showed five peaks from September to November, and each cycle lasted the average of 20.5 days. Such result indicates that harbour porpoise exhibits seasonal polyestrous activity.展开更多
The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only nat...The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only natural freshwater inflows to the Bayhead Canal portion of the Durban Harbour. In this study, seasonal discharges and physico–chemical water properties were used to quantitatively determine the material mass transport capacity of the river systems on the basis of hydrographic inputs and chemical loading from the surrounding land use sectors.The mass transport of the total dissolved solids(TDS),ammonia(NH_4), phosphorous(P), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), sulphur(S) and vanadium(V) was determined for each river. Results indicated that land use, seasonality and river flow were significant determinants for the material loading in the rivers and the receiving port waters. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of chemical fluxes indicated that industrial activity associated with the a Manzimnyama canal contributed the most, with regards to TDS, NH_4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S and V, loading in both wet and dry seasons, as well as Al, Cu, Hg and Pb during the dry season. Similarly, industrial activity associated with the u Mbilo/u Mhlatuzana Canal at the lower reaches accounted for the highest P, Al, Cu and Pb fluxes in the wet season alone. Fluxes of these parameters are used to explain theobserved elemental concentrations and patterns of the receiving port waters of the Bayhead Canal.展开更多
A preliminary study on the distribution of sediment transport and siltation within a semi-closed harbour as well as the factors affecting the siltation has been made with a suspended sediment model, in which the Liany...A preliminary study on the distribution of sediment transport and siltation within a semi-closed harbour as well as the factors affecting the siltation has been made with a suspended sediment model, in which the Lianyungang port is used as the prototype. Based on the work, this paper describes a tubid water experiment within a typical excavated harbour basin. According to the experimental results some expressions for predicting the average siltation amount for semi-closed harbour basins by means of dimensional analysis have been proposed, with tidal features, harbour geometry and properties of sediment taken into account. Through comparing the calculated results with the laboratory and field measured data, it has been shown that the expressions presented in this paper are reasonable.展开更多
Harbour porpoises in the North Sea are protected under national and EU legislation, and under the regional agreement ASCOBANS, within the UN Convention on Migratory Species. As yet, no methods exist to quantify the cu...Harbour porpoises in the North Sea are protected under national and EU legislation, and under the regional agreement ASCOBANS, within the UN Convention on Migratory Species. As yet, no methods exist to quantify the cumulative impacts of direct anthropogenic mortality (e.g. by-catch) and indirect effects of human activities (e.g. contaminants) on porpoise populations. However, procedures do exist for assessing whether total anthropogenic mortality may result in failure to meet conservation objectives. While the ultimate aim is to reduce the number of such deaths to zero, ASCOBANS has an interim objective to reduce anthropogenic mortality to a level that will allow recovery of populations. Several different criteria have been proposed as limits to anthropogenic mortality that may still allow conservation objectives to be met. These criteria include simple percentages of the best population abundance estimate and more complex procedures that account for uncertainty and other information about the population. In this paper, we report new estimates of abundance for porpoises in Dutch waters, and we apply several methods to calculate maximum anthropogenic mortality limits from these estimates. We considered whether these mortality limits would meet the objective of the ASCOBANS agreement and other international obligations, and how these limits may be applied at a national level rather than the biological population level. The current simple approach of a limit of 1.7% of the best abundance estimate may not satisfy conservation objectives. We recommend the use of management procedures for setting mortality limits that take into account available data including associated uncertainties and biases, and whose performance has been extensively tested through simulation.展开更多
Measurements of red tide organism cell counting, chlorophyll a, water temperat-ure, salinity, pH, DO, COD, NH~+, NO, NO, active phosphate, dissolvable siliconwere made in a follow-up observation of a red tide event wh...Measurements of red tide organism cell counting, chlorophyll a, water temperat-ure, salinity, pH, DO, COD, NH~+, NO, NO, active phosphate, dissolvable siliconwere made in a follow-up observation of a red tide event which occurred in the western harbourof Xiamen from 18th June to 3rd July in 1986.展开更多
Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. –Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr., 1998). Result...Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. –Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr., 1998). Results showed that P-ETS activity in the surface water of southern Taiwan Strait in summer was homo- geneous [mean value of 0.106 μlO2/(L?h)], inhomogeneous in northern Taiwan Strait in winter. Variation of P-ETS activity in middle part of the Strait was not obvious between summer and winter. Mean P-ETS activity of Xiamen Harbour in autumn was 0.255 μlO2/(L?h) with a little higher value in Jiulong River estuary areas. In spring, P-ETS activity was more homogeneously distributed and the mean value was 1.076 μlO2/(L?h). P-ETS activity in spring was obviously higher than in autumn in Xiamen Harbour. Vertical distribution of P-ETS in Taiwan Strait was homogeneous at some stations in winter and in summer. An obvious daily variation of P-ETS activity was recorded at Stn 9837, high at midnight and low in the early morning. Significant correlation between P-ETS activity and Chl-a was observed. Results also showed that the ratio of estimated respiratory rate to photosynthetic rate varied seasonally, high in winter (0.41) and low in summer (0.12).展开更多
5. Application and Popularization of Computational Methods for Siltation The above mentioned computational method covers siltation in navigation channels andharbour basins on muddy beach. This part mainly deals with t...5. Application and Popularization of Computational Methods for Siltation The above mentioned computational method covers siltation in navigation channels andharbour basins on muddy beach. This part mainly deals with the possibility of its application tosilty beach and sandy beach and the computation of scouring. The following discussion involvestwo aspects, and then some computational examples are given.展开更多
A new kind of nematocyst, heteromorphore, and three new types of nematocysts, microbasic spino-mastigophore, microbasic undulata-mastigophore, microbasic laevis-mastigophore, are described from medusae of the Xiamen H...A new kind of nematocyst, heteromorphore, and three new types of nematocysts, microbasic spino-mastigophore, microbasic undulata-mastigophore, microbasic laevis-mastigophore, are described from medusae of the Xiamen Harbour and discussed by comparison with the results of other research workers.展开更多
文摘A principle, which has usually been applied to biochemical treatment for waste water is presently introduced into the study on marine microbiological ecology and employed in the estimation of environmental capacity. By means of a selection of 3 models for the microbial growth or for its oxygen consumption and determinations of concerned parameters in the field and the laboratory, the environmental capacity for the Western Xiamen Harbour is evaluated to be 37 t·d-1 of BOD5 in gross or 28 t·d-1 in net (with some 25% of the gross capacity consumed by a present ecosystem) if BOD5 is controlled without excess of 3 mg·din-3 in the sea water; it means that an amount of domestic waste water equal to 28 t of BOD5 can be naturally self-purified in this sea area everyday. Furthermore it is found that the K value, a constant of oxygen-consumed kinetics, shows possitive correlation to the concentration of BOD5 in the same system and total bacterial number (TB) in the seawater also to BOD5 with a regression equation TB (108 dm-3)=9. 91×BOD5 (mg·dm-3) + 1. 74 (n=32, r=0. 544 1, P<0. 01).
基金The workis supported bythe Port of Helsinki and the Finnish Board of Navigation as a paru of feasibilitystudy ontheice meltingtechnique
文摘Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-depth description of the harbour ice problem and the applicability of the bubblers. A numerical method of flow and heat-transfer is used to predict the effectiveness of the air bubblers in controlling the ice accumulation in the harbours. Empirical models of formatting and melting the ice are presented and used in the numerical solutions. It shows that the numerical method can realistically predict the ice-melting effect of the air bubblers.
文摘After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.
文摘A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor. Firstly, the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests, and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model. Then model tests on refraction, diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution. Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.
文摘This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins which was first put forward in China by the authors. In consideration of silty sediment and sand, some factors in forecasting methods have been changed and modified. Consequently, the modified methods can be used either to compute siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins on muddy beach or to compute siltation and scouring in navigation channels and harbour basins on both silty beach and sandy beach. The verification of field data from eleven large, medium and small natural harbours shows a good agreement between the forecasting by the modified method and the natural conditions. Finally, the paper deals with the rational utilization of water area after the construction of the West Dyke in Lianyungang, the maintenance of water depth of the navigation channel at the entrance, siltation distribution, siltation in the navigation channel and harbour basin for ships of 100 thousand tonnnage. Results once again prove that the prospect of constructing Lianyungang Harbour into a deepwater harbour is bright.
文摘The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health
文摘A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of which was a control station, and a total of nine heavy metals were analyzed. In the sediment samples, concentrations of iron (Fe: 57.972 ±1.226 −116.250 ±0.554 μg⋅g−1 DW), copper (Cu: 5.790 ±0.250 −14.770 ±0.270 μg⋅g−1 DW), cadmium (Cd: 0.070 ±0.016 −0.232 ±0.005 μg⋅g−1 DW), lead (Pb: 55.100 ±0.540 −4.652 ±0.066 μg⋅g−1 DW), chrome (Cr: 9.232 ±0.046 −28.640 ±0.377 μg⋅g−1 DW), zinc (Zn: 4.592 ±?0.300 −54.322 ±0.437 μg⋅g−1 DW), arsenic (As: 2.702 ±0.233 −6.332 ±0.186 μg⋅g−1 DW), manganese (Mn: 21.175 ±0.374 −41.465 ±0.410 μg⋅g−1 DW), nickel (Ni: 9.272 ±0.042 −54.230 ±0.158 μg⋅g−1 DW), total phosphorus (TP: 0.160 ±0.003 −0.250 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), total nitrogen (TN: 0.111 ±0.001 −0.161 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), organic matter (OM: 0.767 ±0.010 −1.750 ±0,009 μg⋅g−1 DW), total organic carbon (TOC: 1.450 ±0.001 −4.407 <span
文摘This report describes growth and annual reproductive cycle of female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) rescued from Japanese water in 2007. The maximum body length was 179 cm and body weight was 69.8 kg. The average daily food consumption was 7.0 kg (ranging 3.7 - 9.9 kg), 11.8% of the body weight. In this report, the porpoise was kept in 17 °C water annually and the blubber thicknesses showed almost constant throughout the year (average 18 mm, range 13 - 22 mm). Therefore, we added new evidence to this hypothesis by showing that body weight and the blubber thickness do not fluctuate seasonally in fixed water temperature. Serum progesterone level of the female showed five peaks from September to November, and each cycle lasted the average of 20.5 days. Such result indicates that harbour porpoise exhibits seasonal polyestrous activity.
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)for financial support during this study
文摘The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only natural freshwater inflows to the Bayhead Canal portion of the Durban Harbour. In this study, seasonal discharges and physico–chemical water properties were used to quantitatively determine the material mass transport capacity of the river systems on the basis of hydrographic inputs and chemical loading from the surrounding land use sectors.The mass transport of the total dissolved solids(TDS),ammonia(NH_4), phosphorous(P), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), sulphur(S) and vanadium(V) was determined for each river. Results indicated that land use, seasonality and river flow were significant determinants for the material loading in the rivers and the receiving port waters. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of chemical fluxes indicated that industrial activity associated with the a Manzimnyama canal contributed the most, with regards to TDS, NH_4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S and V, loading in both wet and dry seasons, as well as Al, Cu, Hg and Pb during the dry season. Similarly, industrial activity associated with the u Mbilo/u Mhlatuzana Canal at the lower reaches accounted for the highest P, Al, Cu and Pb fluxes in the wet season alone. Fluxes of these parameters are used to explain theobserved elemental concentrations and patterns of the receiving port waters of the Bayhead Canal.
文摘A preliminary study on the distribution of sediment transport and siltation within a semi-closed harbour as well as the factors affecting the siltation has been made with a suspended sediment model, in which the Lianyungang port is used as the prototype. Based on the work, this paper describes a tubid water experiment within a typical excavated harbour basin. According to the experimental results some expressions for predicting the average siltation amount for semi-closed harbour basins by means of dimensional analysis have been proposed, with tidal features, harbour geometry and properties of sediment taken into account. Through comparing the calculated results with the laboratory and field measured data, it has been shown that the expressions presented in this paper are reasonable.
文摘Harbour porpoises in the North Sea are protected under national and EU legislation, and under the regional agreement ASCOBANS, within the UN Convention on Migratory Species. As yet, no methods exist to quantify the cumulative impacts of direct anthropogenic mortality (e.g. by-catch) and indirect effects of human activities (e.g. contaminants) on porpoise populations. However, procedures do exist for assessing whether total anthropogenic mortality may result in failure to meet conservation objectives. While the ultimate aim is to reduce the number of such deaths to zero, ASCOBANS has an interim objective to reduce anthropogenic mortality to a level that will allow recovery of populations. Several different criteria have been proposed as limits to anthropogenic mortality that may still allow conservation objectives to be met. These criteria include simple percentages of the best population abundance estimate and more complex procedures that account for uncertainty and other information about the population. In this paper, we report new estimates of abundance for porpoises in Dutch waters, and we apply several methods to calculate maximum anthropogenic mortality limits from these estimates. We considered whether these mortality limits would meet the objective of the ASCOBANS agreement and other international obligations, and how these limits may be applied at a national level rather than the biological population level. The current simple approach of a limit of 1.7% of the best abundance estimate may not satisfy conservation objectives. We recommend the use of management procedures for setting mortality limits that take into account available data including associated uncertainties and biases, and whose performance has been extensively tested through simulation.
文摘Measurements of red tide organism cell counting, chlorophyll a, water temperat-ure, salinity, pH, DO, COD, NH~+, NO, NO, active phosphate, dissolvable siliconwere made in a follow-up observation of a red tide event which occurred in the western harbourof Xiamen from 18th June to 3rd July in 1986.
基金Supported by NSFC (No.40331004, 40376043), partially National
文摘Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. –Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr., 1998). Results showed that P-ETS activity in the surface water of southern Taiwan Strait in summer was homo- geneous [mean value of 0.106 μlO2/(L?h)], inhomogeneous in northern Taiwan Strait in winter. Variation of P-ETS activity in middle part of the Strait was not obvious between summer and winter. Mean P-ETS activity of Xiamen Harbour in autumn was 0.255 μlO2/(L?h) with a little higher value in Jiulong River estuary areas. In spring, P-ETS activity was more homogeneously distributed and the mean value was 1.076 μlO2/(L?h). P-ETS activity in spring was obviously higher than in autumn in Xiamen Harbour. Vertical distribution of P-ETS in Taiwan Strait was homogeneous at some stations in winter and in summer. An obvious daily variation of P-ETS activity was recorded at Stn 9837, high at midnight and low in the early morning. Significant correlation between P-ETS activity and Chl-a was observed. Results also showed that the ratio of estimated respiratory rate to photosynthetic rate varied seasonally, high in winter (0.41) and low in summer (0.12).
文摘5. Application and Popularization of Computational Methods for Siltation The above mentioned computational method covers siltation in navigation channels andharbour basins on muddy beach. This part mainly deals with the possibility of its application tosilty beach and sandy beach and the computation of scouring. The following discussion involvestwo aspects, and then some computational examples are given.
文摘A new kind of nematocyst, heteromorphore, and three new types of nematocysts, microbasic spino-mastigophore, microbasic undulata-mastigophore, microbasic laevis-mastigophore, are described from medusae of the Xiamen Harbour and discussed by comparison with the results of other research workers.
