A composite hard-anodized coating containing micro PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles on aluminum alloy 6063 was produced by adding micro PTFE particles into the traditional hardcoat anodizing solution. The size...A composite hard-anodized coating containing micro PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles on aluminum alloy 6063 was produced by adding micro PTFE particles into the traditional hardcoat anodizing solution. The size of the PTFE particles is around 2 v- m in diameter and the content of the PTFE particles in the composite coating is within 2%-3% by area percentage. Thickness of the composite coating can reach up to 70 v m after one hour’s anodizing. Surface hardness of the composite coating is between 400-480 HVo.i- The average friction coefficient of the composite coating against steel under dry friction test is 0.11, which is 17% lower than that obtained by traditional hardcoat anodizing.展开更多
The Fabaceae(legume family) is one of the largest families of plants with a worldwide distribution and a major role in agriculture and in agroforestry.A hard seed coat impermeable to water is a typical feature of seve...The Fabaceae(legume family) is one of the largest families of plants with a worldwide distribution and a major role in agriculture and in agroforestry.A hard seed coat impermeable to water is a typical feature of several species.Physical dormancy delays and reduces germination so that mechanical,physical and chemical scarification methods have been classically used to break seed dormancy of many species.We evaluate the effectiveness of a methodology to scarify seeds of several woody Fabaceae of ecological and economical importance,including Robinia pseudoacacia and Acacia dealbata and the shrubs Cytisus scoparius,C.multiflorus and Ulex europaeus.We describe the optimized use of a handheld rotary tool(HRT),and compare its effectiveness with other scarification methods reported to break dormancy such as boiling or dry heating.Total germination and/or speed of germination were enhanced after the application of the HRT,with germination percentages significantly higher than those achieved by other methods of scarification.Based on a thorough literature review,a mode of action for the HRT is suggested which could operate by breaking the physical and physiological dormancy of treated seeds through thecombined action of coat abrasion and moderate temperatures.Considering these results,we recommend the application of this rapid,effective,low-cost and highly reproducible HRT method to break seed dormancy and enhance germination of these species and others with similar dormancy constraints.展开更多
文摘A composite hard-anodized coating containing micro PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles on aluminum alloy 6063 was produced by adding micro PTFE particles into the traditional hardcoat anodizing solution. The size of the PTFE particles is around 2 v- m in diameter and the content of the PTFE particles in the composite coating is within 2%-3% by area percentage. Thickness of the composite coating can reach up to 70 v m after one hour’s anodizing. Surface hardness of the composite coating is between 400-480 HVo.i- The average friction coefficient of the composite coating against steel under dry friction test is 0.11, which is 17% lower than that obtained by traditional hardcoat anodizing.
基金funded by the Xunta de Galicia(Spain) through Project XUGA 07MDS030310PR
文摘The Fabaceae(legume family) is one of the largest families of plants with a worldwide distribution and a major role in agriculture and in agroforestry.A hard seed coat impermeable to water is a typical feature of several species.Physical dormancy delays and reduces germination so that mechanical,physical and chemical scarification methods have been classically used to break seed dormancy of many species.We evaluate the effectiveness of a methodology to scarify seeds of several woody Fabaceae of ecological and economical importance,including Robinia pseudoacacia and Acacia dealbata and the shrubs Cytisus scoparius,C.multiflorus and Ulex europaeus.We describe the optimized use of a handheld rotary tool(HRT),and compare its effectiveness with other scarification methods reported to break dormancy such as boiling or dry heating.Total germination and/or speed of germination were enhanced after the application of the HRT,with germination percentages significantly higher than those achieved by other methods of scarification.Based on a thorough literature review,a mode of action for the HRT is suggested which could operate by breaking the physical and physiological dormancy of treated seeds through thecombined action of coat abrasion and moderate temperatures.Considering these results,we recommend the application of this rapid,effective,low-cost and highly reproducible HRT method to break seed dormancy and enhance germination of these species and others with similar dormancy constraints.
