Plant Hardiness Zones of China

China has been divided into eleven plant hardiness zones based on average annunal minimum temperatures.

Short-day treatment during the growing period limits shoot growth and increases frost hardiness of hybrid aspen plants in the nursery

In Finland, under nursery conditions hybrid aspen may continue their shoot growth until early September. Thus, frost hardening is usually delayed. To solve this problem, we used a three-week period of short-day （SD） treatment between late July and mid-August. During autumn after frost exposure, frost hardiness （FH） was assessed three times with a stem-browning test. The resuits showed that after SD treatment shoot growth ceased and FH increased when compared to untreated hybrid aspen. Furthermore, the height of SD-treated hybrid aspen varied much less than that of the control plants. We conclude that SD treatment in the nursery during the growing period can be used as a supplementary method for producing well-hardened and uniform hybrid aspen plants.

Assessing frost hardiness of Pinus bungeana shoots and needles by electrical impedance spectroscopy with and without freezing tests

Aims Nursery and forest operations require that frost hardiness results be produced faster than can be provided by controlled freezing tests.There is a great challenge to develop a rapid method for predicting frost hardiness that might not necessitate controlled freezing tests.The aim of this study was to examine the assessment of the frost hardiness of shoots and needles of Pinus bungeana by electrical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)with and without controlled exposure to freezing.Methods The frost hardiness of current-year shoots and needles of P.bungeana in an 8-year-old provenance field trial was measured at Shisanlin Nursery in Beijing,China,from September 2006 to January 2007 by means of EIS and conventional electrolyte leakage(EL).In the same plants,but without controlled freezing test,were monitored the EIS parameters in current-year shoots and needles.Important Findings The results showed that(i)after controlled freezing tests,the frost hardiness estimated by EIS parameters(extracellular resistance,re,and membrane time constant,sm)was significantly correlated with the frost hardiness assessed by EL method(r=0.95)and(ii)for the samples not exposed to controlled freezing treatment,the relaxation time s1 for shoots and b for needles had greater correlations with the frost hardiness estimated by EL after controlled freezing tests relative to the other parameters(r=
0.90 for shoots and r=0.84 for needles,respectively).The parameters re of shoots and needles and sm of needles might be applied for measuring frost hardiness of samples after exposed to controlled freezing tests.The frost hardiness results can be obtained within 48 h.The parameters s1 of shoots and b of needles could be used for estimating the frost hardiness of samples without using a controlled freezing test.The frost hardiness results can be obtained within 24 h.

Seasonal and geographical variation in diapause and cold hardiness of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenee）, is a key corn pest in the Asian-Western Pacific countries. It overwinters as flail-grown larvae in plant stalks or in a spun-silk covering located in the plant debris in the temperate regions of China. Supercooling point （SCP） and survival rate after low sub-zero temperature treatment were assessed for field-collected populations in the laboratory using a cool bath with a 1 ℃/min cooling rate until -40℃. Mean SCPs were varied among geographical populations, with a significant decline from -22.7℃ of Haikou, the multivoltine tropical population in the south, to -28.5℃ of Gongzhuling, the univoltine temperate population in the northeast of China. In addition, there was more than 1℃ difference in SCP between Gongzhuling univoltine and bivoltine populations that were from the same geographic origin. Mean SCPs of the Guangzhou population fluctuated over the year, with significantly lower SCPs in winter than in other seasons, which correlated with a significantly higher proportion of diapausing larvae in winter than in other seasons. Over 41% of overwintering larvae from the northeast population could withstand to be supercooled for a few minutes to the low sub-zero temperature of-40℃, but only 6.7% of their southern counterparts did so. The findings from this study suggest that O. furnacalis mostly takes advantage of freeze avoidance as diapausing larvae for overwintering in the southern region, whereas it exhibits freeze tolerance in diapause in the northeastern region.

基于傅里叶变换的不确定性原理

以波函数的规范化模平方积分作为概率密度函数,我们给出了在L 2意义下的位移函数与速度函数的方差乘积有正下界的海森伯不等式;并用傅里叶变换的微分性质、Plancherel等式以及Cauchy-Schwarz不等式作了证明.另外,Hardy不确定性原理表明可积函数和它的傅里叶变换不能同时迅速衰减,其最优的衰减方式是取高斯函数形式达到等式;基于Phragmen-Lindelof定理(无界区域上的最大模原理),给出了Hardy不确定性的复分析方法证明;最后我们给出了推广的Morgan不等式和Beurling不确定性.

一类带Hardy项和Sobolev临界指数的椭圆型方程正解的存在性

本文研究了一类带Hardy项和Sobolev临界指数的椭圆型方程。通过变分法,我们得到了方程的能量泛函在零点附近存在局部极小值点,且该极小值点为方程的正解。此外,当方程的扰动项趋于零时,该正解也趋于零。The elliptical equation with Hardy terms and Sobolev critical exponents is studied. By the variational methods, we have obtained that there exists a local minimum point of the energy functional related to the equation which is near zero, and the local minimum point is a positive solution of this equation. Moreover, this positive solution tends to zero when the perturbed term goes to zero.

BIG HANKEL OPERATORS ON HARDY SPACES OF STRONGLY PSEUDOCONVEX DOMAINS

In this article,we investigate the(big) Hankel operator H_(f) on the Hardy spaces of bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains Ω in C^(n).We observe that H_(f ) is bounded on H~p(Ω)(1 <p <∞) if f belongs to BMO and we obtain some characterizations for Hf on H^(2)(Ω) of other pseudoconvex domains.In these arguments,Amar's L^(p)-estimations and Berndtsson's L^(2)-estimations for solutions of the ■_(b)-equation play a crucial role.In addition,we solve Gleason's problem for Hardy spaces H^(p)(Ω)(1 ≤p≤∞) of bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains.

Diffusion tractography of kidney by high angular resolution diffusion imaging

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been utilized to probe the renal microstructures but investigating the three-dimensional(3D)tubular network still presents significant challenges due to the complicated architecture of kidney.This study aims to assess whether high angular resolution diffusion imaging(HARDI)could improve the reconstruction of 3D tubular architectures.Kidneys from both mice and rats were imaged using 3D diffusion-weighted pulse sequences at 9.4 T.Five healthy mouse kidneys were scanned at an isotropic spatial resolution of 40 mm,with a b value of 1500 s/mm2 across 46 diffusion encoding directions.The study employed diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and generalized Q-sampling imaging(GQI)to examine the tubular orientation distributions and tractography,validated by conventional histology.Fractional anisotropy(FA)and mean diffusivity(MD)were quantified and compared among the inner medullar(IM),outer medullar(OM),and cortex(CO)at different angular resolutions.FA values,estimated with 6 diffusion-weighted images(DWIs),were significantly overestimated by 49.9%(p<0.001)in IM,179.4%(p<0.001)in OM,and 225.5%(p<0.001)in CO,compared to using 46 DWIs.In contrast,MD exhibited less variations to angular resolution variations(3.4%in IM,4.2%in OM,and 4.6%in CO).Both DTI and GQI at high angular resolution successfully traced renal tubular structures throughout the kidney,with GQI demonstrating superior performance in generating more continuous tracts.Furthermore,disrupted renal tubule structures were observed in a chronic kidney disease(CKD)rat model.HARDI,especially when combined with the GQI approach,holds promise in tracking complicated 3D tubule architectures and may serve as a potent tool for kidney disease research.

高维Hardy算子及其交换子的双权不等式

设P为Rn上的Hardy算子,Q为P的对偶算子.该文得出了P,Q以及与CMO函数构成的交换子的双权不等式.

Weighted multilinear p-adic Hardy operators and commutators on p-adic Herz-type spaces

In this paper,we introduce the weighted multilinear p-adic Hardy operator and weighted multilinear p-adic Ces`aro operator,we also obtain the boundedness of these two operators on the product of p-adic Herz spaces and p-adic Morrey-Herz spaces,the corresponding operator norms are also established in each case.Moreover,the boundedness of commutators of these two operators with symbols in central bounded mean oscillation spaces and Lipschitz spaces on p-adic Morrey-Herz spaces are also given.

THE BOUNDEDNESS OF OPERATORS ON WEIGHTED MULTI-PARAMETER LOCAL HARDY SPACES

Though atomic decomposition is a very useful tool for studying the boundedness on Hardy spaces for some sublinear operators,untill now,the boundedness of operators on weighted Hardy spaces in a multi-parameter setting has been established only by almost orthogonality estimates.In this paper,we mainly establish the boundedness on weighted multi-parameter local Hardy spaces via atomic decomposition.

MAXIMAL FUNCTION CHARACTERIZATIONS OF HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH NON-NEGATIVE SELF-ADJOINT OPERATORS SATISFYING GAUSSIAN ESTIMATES AND BALL QUASI-BANACH FUNCTION SPACES

Assume that L is a non-negative self-adjoint operator on L^(2)(ℝ^(n))with its heat kernels satisfying the so-called Gaussian upper bound estimate and that X is a ball quasi-Banach function space onℝ^(n) satisfying some mild assumptions.Let HX,L(ℝ^(n))be the Hardy space associated with both X and L,which is defined by the Lusin area function related to the semigroup generated by L.In this article,the authors establish various maximal function characterizations of the Hardy space HX,L(ℝ^(n))and then apply these characterizations to obtain the solvability of the related Cauchy problem.These results have a wide range of generality and,in particular,the specific spaces X to which these results can be applied include the weighted space,the variable space,the mixed-norm space,the Orlicz space,the Orlicz-slice space,and the Morrey space.Moreover,the obtained maximal function characterizations of the mixed-norm Hardy space,the Orlicz-slice Hardy space,and the Morrey-Hardy space associated with L are completely new.

Toeplitz算子在Hardy空间上的复对称性

复对称算子是由复对称矩阵的概念抽象出来的,本文借助矩阵研究如何刻画经典Hardy空间上的一类复对称Toeplitz算子。首先在Hardy空间上定义两类新的共轭算子,它们分别为n倒置的共轭算子和n二次倒置的共轭算子。其次分奇偶情况去完整刻画在这类共轭算子下Toeplitz算子是复对称的结构,利用在Hardy空间上经典正规正交基下Toeplitz算子的矩阵表示,给出了Toeplitz算子分别相对于一类共轭算子是复对称的充分必要条件。最后对本文进行总结及展望,提出能否继续刻画Toeplitz算子相对于这类共轭算子是m-复对称的问题。

一类带有Hardy项的椭圆型方程正解的存在性

研究了一类带有Hardy项的椭圆型方程在诺伊曼边界条件下正解的存在性.在反应项和边界处均呈指数增长时,利用近似方法和Brouwer不动点定理证明了该方程至少存在一个正解.

Ca^(2+)-homeostasis Differs Between Plant Species with Different Cold-tolerance at 4 ℃ Chilling

A comparative study was carried out on the EM_cytochemical localization of calcium and Ca 2+ _ATPase activity in the suspension_cultured cells between the chilling_sensitive maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Black Mexican Sweet) and chilling_insensitive Trititrigia ( Triticum sect. Trititrigia mackey) at 4 ℃ chilling. When maize and Tyititrigia cells were cultured at 26 ℃, electron microscopic observations revealed that the electron_dense calcium antimonate deposits, an indication of the calcium localization, were localized mainly in the vacuoles, and few was found in the cytosol and nuclei. The electron_dense cerium phosphate deposits, an indication of Ca 2+ _ATPase activity, were abundantly distributed on the plasma membrane (PM). When the cells from both species were cultured at 4 ℃ for 1 and 3 h, an elevation of Ca 2+ level in the cytosol and nuclei was observed, whereas the cerium phosphate deposits on the PM showed no quantitative difference from those of the 26 ℃_cultured cells, indicating that the enzymatic activities were not altered during these chilling periods. However, there was a distinct difference in the dynamics of the Ca 2+ distribution and the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase activity between maize and Trititrigia when chilled at 4 ℃ for 12, 24 and 72 h. In maize cells, a large number of Ca 2+ deposits still existed in the cytosol and nuclei, and the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase became less and less active, and even inactive at all. In Trititrigia cells, the increased cytosolic and nuclear Ca 2+ ions decreased after 12 h chilling. By chilling up to 24 and 72 h, the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration had been restored to a similar low level as those of the warm temperature_cultured cells, while the activity of the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase maintained high. The transient cytosolic and nuclear Ca 2+ increase and the activities of PM Ca 2+ _ATPase during chilling are discussed in relation to plant cold hardiness.

Hardy空间单连通域上的Carleson测度

Carleson测度在经典的解析函数空间之中已经有了许多漂亮的结果,那么一个很自然的问题就是:Carleson测度在一般单连通域上的解析空间中具有哪些刻画?本文继María之后,我们应用拟共形映射的相关性质将经典的Hardy空间延拓到一般单连通域上,并继续研究与在一般单连通域上定义的Hardy空间相关的Carleson测度的等价刻画。我们还研究了小Carleson测度的类比陈述。

一类 H¨ormander 型条件的奇异积分算子交换子的估计

本文讨论了一类变形的 H¨ormander 型条件的奇异积分算子与 BMO 函数生成的交换子在 Herz型 Hardy 空间的估计。

一类带Hardy项的p-Laplace方程正解的先验估计

研究了一类带Hardy项椭圆型p-Laplace方-Δ_(p)u=u^(q)|x|^(a)+h(x,u,■u)解的先验估计,其中3<p<N,p-1<q<(N-α)(p-1)N-p,0<a<2.在假设h(s,u,Vu)满足一定的条件下,首先运用Doubling引理证明了解的一个衰减估计,然后运用blowup技巧并结合Liouville定理证明了非负解的先验估计。

三圆盘Hardy空间上的Toeplitz算子与小Hankel算子的交换性

Toeplitz算子的交换性问题是算子理论中的一个研究热点,在不同的函数空间下有不同的体现。在H^(2)(D^(3))空间上,对等式T^(*)_(f)H_(g)=H_(g)T_(f*)进行了研究,给出了f与g为一般函数和特殊函数时,T^(*)_(f)H_(g)=H_(g)T_(f*)成立的充要条件,再针对Toeplitz算子与小Hankel算子在三圆盘上的交换性问题,利用函数的多重Fourier分解,取三圆盘的一组正规正交基,通过算子作用在正规正交基上,得到Toeplitz算子与小Hankel算子可交换的充要条件。在H^(2)(D^(n))上也有类似的结论成立。

拟共形映射的Hardy和Bergman空间

利用拟共形映射理论,给出了实R^(n)空间中拟共形映射的Hardy和Bergman空间的一些分析和几何刻画。