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Determination of the Henry’s Law Constant of Hexane in High-Viscosity Polymer Systems
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作者 Qi Jibing Li Yuliang +4 位作者 Liu Youzhi Yang Tong Liu Yandong Yuan Zhiguo Yi Jianjun 《China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期34-43,共10页
The Henry’s law constant of volatiles in polymer systems is a crucial parameter reflecting the gas-liquid equilibrium,which is very important for devolatilization.In this research,polyolefin elastomer(POE)-cyclohexan... The Henry’s law constant of volatiles in polymer systems is a crucial parameter reflecting the gas-liquid equilibrium,which is very important for devolatilization.In this research,polyolefin elastomer(POE)-cyclohexane and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-hexane systems were studied,and the Henry’s law constant was obtained by measuring the gas phase equilibrium partial pressure when polymer solutions containing different mass fractions of volatiles reached a saturated state.The effects of temperature,type of volatiles,and polymer viscosity on the gas phase equilibrium partial pressure and Henry’s law constant of the volatiles were investigated.The results indicate that,with the increase of temperature and polymer viscosity,the gas phase equilibrium partial pressure and Henry’s law constant of volatiles increase.As temperature increases,the solubility of gas in liquid decreases.The relationship between the Henry’s law constant and temperature is consistent with the Arrhenius law.In the PDMS-hexane system,the gas phase equilibrium partial pressure and Henry’s law constant of n-hexane are higher than those of cyclohexane.The obtained Henry’s law constants can be used as a reference for perfecting the devolatilization process and improving the devolatilization effect. 展开更多
关键词 Henry’s law constant gas-liquid equilibrium method HEXANE polyolefin elastomer(POE) polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)
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基于博弈论的弹目攻防决策方法研究
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作者 薛静云 刘方 张银环 《指挥控制与仿真》 2024年第3期49-55,共7页
针对空战环境中弹目攻防双方的对抗特性,提出了一种基于博弈论的弹目攻防决策方法。基于导弹目标运动数学关系得到状态方程,根据弹目攻防对抗机理建立“一对一导弹-目标”动态博弈模型,确定弹目双方策略集与收益矩阵,提出混合策略纳什... 针对空战环境中弹目攻防双方的对抗特性,提出了一种基于博弈论的弹目攻防决策方法。基于导弹目标运动数学关系得到状态方程,根据弹目攻防对抗机理建立“一对一导弹-目标”动态博弈模型,确定弹目双方策略集与收益矩阵,提出混合策略纳什均衡求解方法,并结合模型滚动预测方法获得该策略空间的纳什均衡点。算例仿真结果表明,基于混合策略下导弹制导律为该策略空间的纳什均衡点,且该方法可以减小导弹对目标的脱靶量,提高导弹的命中精度,为导弹攻防作战提供了依据。 展开更多
关键词 攻防策略 微分博弈 模型预测 NASH均衡 制导律
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Hardy-Weinberg定律在专科教学中的课堂设计 被引量:1
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作者 杜玉杰 《生物学杂志》 CAS CSCD 2011年第1期96-98,101,共4页
Hardy-Weinberg定律是群体遗传学的第一理论基石,也是现代进化论、现代优生学和群体育种的理论基础,是遗传学教学中的重难点内容,但通过合理的教学设计可帮助学生全面理解、掌握并应用该定律,为后续学习奠定基础。
关键词 hardy-weinberg定律 基因频率 基因型频率 引导
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日本Twitter转发案与侵犯著作权等罪的违法性阻却
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作者 李磊(译) 姚培培(校) 《苏州大学学报(法学版)》 CSSCI 2024年第3期151-160,共10页
Twitter转发案中各转发者的转发行为是否侵犯了向公众传播权、保护作品完整权及署名权,存在较大争议。东京地方法院、知识产权高等法院、日本最高法院对此案作出了不尽相同的判决,这一案件在日本引起了广泛而深入的讨论。日本著作权法... Twitter转发案中各转发者的转发行为是否侵犯了向公众传播权、保护作品完整权及署名权,存在较大争议。东京地方法院、知识产权高等法院、日本最高法院对此案作出了不尽相同的判决,这一案件在日本引起了广泛而深入的讨论。日本著作权法上没有区分民事侵权与刑事犯罪,如何以现行著作权法的条文构造为前提,对民事侵权与刑事犯罪进行界分,充分发挥实质违法性阻却的作用,值得研究。就侵犯著作权等罪而言,能够从刑法上实质违法性的立场来限定处罚范围,这不同于有关“权利内容”的著作权法上个别规定的限定性和相对解释。通过同类行为的累积实现社会利益的观点能够重构目的手段框架,而根据这一框架分析,本案各转发行为的实质违法性被阻却。 展开更多
关键词 著作权法 侵犯著作权罪 实质违法性 法益均衡性
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间断均衡理论下中国《能源法》的立法僵局及破局
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作者 张媛媛 《北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第6期62-73,共12页
《能源法》在能源转型中扮演着关键角色,但中国《能源法》历经三次立法草案和四次立法议程启动,至今仍未通过立法。《能源法》为何会陷入立法僵局?从法律外部视角探析该问题,利用间断均衡理论剖析中国《能源法》的动态立法过程,发现随... 《能源法》在能源转型中扮演着关键角色,但中国《能源法》历经三次立法草案和四次立法议程启动,至今仍未通过立法。《能源法》为何会陷入立法僵局?从法律外部视角探析该问题,利用间断均衡理论剖析中国《能源法》的动态立法过程,发现随着立法者对《能源法》的认识变化,中国《能源法》的立法围绕平衡能源安全、能源低碳和能源正义的三难困境出现了三次立法僵局。焦点事件的冲击为《能源法》启动提供了结构机会,但立法分歧和立法主体的注意力转移导致《能源法》议程陷入僵局。而迫切的立法需求与决策层的关注使《能源法》立法议程得以重新启动。因此,在间断均衡理论的启示下,中国《能源法》的制定应进行以下探索:第一,在立法理念的确定上,应综合国内外能源局势与能源立法背景,抓住能源立法契机,加速以能源安全为重心的《能源法》立法;第二,涉及立法模式的选择,应明确《能源法》为基本法的立法定位,协调其与能源单行法的冲突与衔接,凝聚共识减少立法阻力,集中注意力加速立法;第三,有关立法制度的设计,应逐层分类满足化解能源三难困境,满足立法需求,既完成决策高层制定的顶层设计的法律化,又满足公众期待,从而有效化解《能源法》立法僵局。 展开更多
关键词 能源法 立法僵局 间断均衡 注意力分配 焦点事件 能源安全
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公共卫生法中均衡原则的确立与展开
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作者 刘海宇 《宜宾学院学报》 2024年第3期40-49,共10页
《中华人民共和国宪法》第一条确立的社会主义基本原则,在社会层面的规范内涵为“社会平衡”。在“社会平衡”的统摄下,国家对健康权的均衡保障构成其保障义务的本质内容,而实现均衡保障的最佳路径便是确立均衡原则。在实践需求上,我国... 《中华人民共和国宪法》第一条确立的社会主义基本原则,在社会层面的规范内涵为“社会平衡”。在“社会平衡”的统摄下,国家对健康权的均衡保障构成其保障义务的本质内容,而实现均衡保障的最佳路径便是确立均衡原则。在实践需求上,我国公共卫生实践中存在严重的“健康鸿沟”,不同群体所能获得的健康权保障差距较大,相比零散、具体的纠偏制度和措施,将均衡原则确立为公共卫生法基本原则,有利于更好地系统弥合“健康鸿沟”。均衡原则应当在《基本卫生法》总则中予以明确,并区分为内涵确立条款、弱势群体和特殊群体保障条款与政策指引条款,以更好指引未来的公共卫生活动。 展开更多
关键词 健康权 健康鸿沟 均衡原则 社会平衡 公共卫生法
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交警非现场执法之优化路径——以平衡论为分析视角
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作者 朱祎曼 《湖南警察学院学报》 2024年第1期70-75,共6页
发轫于道路交通管理领域的非现场执法模式,在擢升行政执法效能,加速行政权扩张的同时,不当缩减正当法律程序,肇致相对人的权利保护水准降低,打破了传统行政法律关系图谱中公权与私权之均衡状态。“平衡论”主张激励与制约机制并举,公平... 发轫于道路交通管理领域的非现场执法模式,在擢升行政执法效能,加速行政权扩张的同时,不当缩减正当法律程序,肇致相对人的权利保护水准降低,打破了传统行政法律关系图谱中公权与私权之均衡状态。“平衡论”主张激励与制约机制并举,公平与效率价值兼顾,从而达到行政机关与相对人一方的权利义务在总体上对等。因应自动化行政处罚公权力与私权利之失序,以平衡论为视角展开分析恰如其分,系由国家层面的统一立法课予行政机关适度负担性义务与修复相对人合法程序性权利,达致电子警察执法兼顾行政管理目标与相对人权利保护之愿景。 展开更多
关键词 非现场执法 自动化行政处罚 平衡论
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The Equilibrium Range of Wind Wave Spectra: an Explanation Based on White Noise 被引量:1
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作者 DAI Dejun WANG Wei +1 位作者 QIAO Fangli YUAN Yeli 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2007年第4期345-348,共4页
Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral s... Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral space by many researchers. In this paper we point out that white noise on an oscillation system can also lead to a similar inverse power law in the corresponding displacement spectrum, implying that the – 4 power law for the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra may probably only reflect the randomicity of the wind waves rather than any other dynamical processes in physical space. This explanation may shed light on the mechanism of other physical processes with spectra also showing an inverse power law, such as isotropic turbulence, internal waves, etc. 展开更多
关键词 wind wave spectrum equilibrium range -4 power law white noise
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Characteristics of Convection Heat Transfer in Power⁃Law Fluid Saturated Porous Media Channel 被引量:1
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作者 Xingwang Tian Kun Zhang +2 位作者 Feng Liu Ping Wang Shiming Xu 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 CAS 2022年第2期52-61,共10页
Considering Brinkman⁃Forchheimer extended Darcy flow and local thermal non⁃equilibrium effect,a general model of forced convection with viscous dissipation in power⁃law fluid saturated porous media channel was establi... Considering Brinkman⁃Forchheimer extended Darcy flow and local thermal non⁃equilibrium effect,a general model of forced convection with viscous dissipation in power⁃law fluid saturated porous media channel was established.The dimensionless temperature profiles and Nusselt number were numerically solved using the classical fourth⁃order Runge Kutta method under a constant heat flux boundary condition.The conclusion showed that the fluid⁃solid temperature distributions were significantly affected by dimensionless Bi,k,Da,Br,and F,and the effects of power⁃law indexes on convection heat transfer characteristics were also non⁃negligible. 展开更多
关键词 viscous dissipation power⁃law fluid porous medium thermal non⁃equilibrium numerical simulation
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Study on Game Theory of Social Law Enforcement
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作者 张国臣 黎志成 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2003年第3期329-331,共3页
Based on the basis of the two stage dynamic game of complete information and purely tactful perfect equilibrium theory, the non cooperative gaming between the police department and the criminals is analyzed. Dyn... Based on the basis of the two stage dynamic game of complete information and purely tactful perfect equilibrium theory, the non cooperative gaming between the police department and the criminals is analyzed. Dynamic game can be proved to forecast and explain potential tactful choices of the police department and the criminals at various stages, so as to analyze the essence of the law enforcement by the theoretical models. 展开更多
关键词 law enforcement dynamic game Nash equilibrium Bayesian equilibrium
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Coherent Application of a Contact Structure to Formulate Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
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作者 Edwin Knobbe Dirk Roekaerts 《Modern Mechanical Engineering》 2017年第1期8-26,共19页
This contribution presents an outline of a new mathematical formulation for Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (CNET) based on a contact structure in differential geometry. First a non-equilibrium state space is... This contribution presents an outline of a new mathematical formulation for Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (CNET) based on a contact structure in differential geometry. First a non-equilibrium state space is introduced as the third key element besides the first and second law of thermodynamics. This state space provides the mathematical structure to generalize the Gibbs fundamental relation to non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A unique formulation for the second law of thermodynamics is postulated and it showed how the complying concept for non-equilibrium entropy is retrieved. The foundation of this formulation is a physical quantity, which is in non-equilibrium thermodynamics nowhere equal to zero. This is another perspective compared to the inequality, which is used in most other formulations in the literature. Based on this mathematical framework, it is proven that the thermodynamic potential is defined by the Gibbs free energy. The set of conjugated coordinates in the mathematical structure for the Gibbs fundamental relation will be identified for single component, closed systems. Only in the final section of this contribution will the equilibrium constraint be introduced and applied to obtain some familiar formulations for classical (equilibrium) thermodynamics. 展开更多
关键词 NON-equilibrium THERMODYNAMICS Gibbs FUNDAMENTAL Relation Contact Geometry Second law of THERMODYNAMICS equilibrium Constraint
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Henry’s Equilibrium Partitioning between Ground Water and Soil Air: Predictions versus Observations
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作者 Jeroen Provoost Robbe Ottoy +5 位作者 Lucas Reijnders Jan Bronders Ilse Van Keer Frank Swartjes Daniel Wilczek David Poelmans 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2011年第7期873-881,共9页
Humans spend 64% - 94% of their time indoors;therefore, indoor air quality is very important for potential exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC). The source of VOC in the subsurface may come from accidental or ... Humans spend 64% - 94% of their time indoors;therefore, indoor air quality is very important for potential exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC). The source of VOC in the subsurface may come from accidental or intentional releases, leaking landfills or leaking underground and above-ground storage tanks. Once these contaminants are present near or beneath buildings, they may move as a vapour through soil gas and enter the building. A large number of vapour intrusion (VI) algorithms have been published in peer-reviewed publications that link indoor VOC concentrations to the contamination of soils. These models typically include phase partitioning calculations of VOC based on Henry’s law to estimate the concentration of a particular contaminant in soil gas. This paper presents the results from a series of laboratory experiments concerning the use of the Henry’s Law constant for the calculation of toluene concentrations in equilibrium between ground water and soil air. A series of column experiments were conducted with various toluene concentrations in artificial (ground) water to contrast the predicted and observed (soil) air concentrations. The experiments which exclude soil material show a toluene fugacity behaviour roughly in line with Henry’s law whereas the experiments which include soil material result in equilibrium soil concentrations which were around one order-of-magnitude lower than was expected from a Henry Law-based estimation. It is concluded that for toluene inclusion of Henry’s Law in VI algorithms does not provide an adequate description of volatilisation in soils and may lead to an overestimation of health risk. Instead, a model based on a simple description of the relevant intermolecular interactions could be explored. 展开更多
关键词 Henry law COEFFICIENT equilibrium Partitioning Ground Water Soil Air TOLUENE Algorithm
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Existence of Equilibrium Points in the R3BP with Variable Mass When the Smaller Primary is an Oblate Spheroid
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作者 M. R. Hassan Sweta Kumari Md. Aminul Hassan 《International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics》 2017年第2期45-61,共17页
The paper deals with the existence of equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem when the smaller primary is an oblate spheroid and the infinitesimal body is of variable mass. Following the method of smal... The paper deals with the existence of equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem when the smaller primary is an oblate spheroid and the infinitesimal body is of variable mass. Following the method of small parameters;the co-ordinates of collinear equilibrium points have been calculated, whereas the co-ordinates of triangular equilibrium points are established by classical method. On studying the surface of zero-velocity curves, it is found that the mass reduction factor has very minor effect on the location of the equilibrium points;whereas the oblateness parameter of the smaller primary has a significant role on the existence of equilibrium points. 展开更多
关键词 RESTRICTED THREE-BODY Problem Jean’s law Space-Time Transformation OBLATENESS equilibrium POINTS Surface of Zero-Velocity
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The Role of Friction in the Static Equilibrium of a Fixed Ladder: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Test
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作者 M. P. Silverman 《World Journal of Mechanics》 2018年第12期445-463,共19页
In a recent publication the author derived and experimentally tested several theoretical models, distinguished by different boundary conditions at the contacts with horizontal and vertical supports, that predicted the... In a recent publication the author derived and experimentally tested several theoretical models, distinguished by different boundary conditions at the contacts with horizontal and vertical supports, that predicted the forces of reaction on a fixed (i.e. inextensible) ladder. This problem is statically indeterminate since there are 4 forces of reaction and only 3 equations of static equilibrium. The model that predicted the empirical reactions correctly used a law of static friction to complement the equations of static equilibrium. The present paper examines in greater theoretical and experimental detail the role of friction in accounting for the forces of reaction on a fixed ladder. The reported measurements confirm that forces parallel and normal to the support at the top of the ladder are linearly proportional with a constant coefficient of friction irrespective of the magnitude or location of the load, as assumed in the theoretical model. However, measurements of forces parallel and normal to the support at the base of the ladder are linearly proportional with coefficients that depend sensitively on the location (although not the magnitude) of the load. This paper accounts quantitatively for the different effects of friction at the top and base of the ladder under conditions of usual use whereby friction at the vertical support alone is insufficient to keep the ladder from sliding. A theoretical model is also proposed for the unusual circumstance in which friction at the vertical support can keep the ladder from sliding. 展开更多
关键词 FORCES on a LADDER STATIC equilibrium law of STATIC FRICTION Statically INDETERMINATE FORCES of Reaction
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Theorem of Necessity and Sufficiency of Stable Equilibrium for Generalized Potential Equality between System and Reservoir
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作者 Pierfrancesco Palazzo 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2014年第18期2003-2011,共9页
The literature reports that equality of temperature, equality of potential and equality of pressure between a system and a reservoir are necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium of the system-reservoir composit... The literature reports that equality of temperature, equality of potential and equality of pressure between a system and a reservoir are necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium of the system-reservoir composite or, in the opposite and equivalent logical inference, that stable equilibrium is a sufficient condition for equality. The aim and the first novelty of the present study is to prove that equality of temperature, potential and pressure is also a sufficient condition for stable equilibrium, in addition to necessity, implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality. The second novelty is that the proof of the sufficiency of equality (or the necessity of stable equilibrium) is attained by means of the generalization of the entropy property, derived from the generalization of exergy property, which is used to demonstrate that stable equilibrium is a logical consequence of equality of generalized potential. This proof is underpinned by the Second Law statement and the Maximum-Entropy Principle based on generalized entropy which depends on temperature, potential and pressure of the reservoir. The conclusion, based on these two novel concepts, consists of the theorem of necessity and sufficiency of stable equilibrium for equality of generalized potentials within a composite constituted by a system and a reservoir. 展开更多
关键词 Available Energy Second law Stable equilibrium NONequilibrium GENERALIZED EXERGY GENERALIZED Entropy GENERALIZED Potential
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A Generalized Statement of Highest-Entropy Principle for Stable Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium in Many-Particle Systems
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作者 Pierfrancesco Palazzo 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2016年第3期344-357,共14页
Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic e... Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof. 展开更多
关键词 Many-Particle Systems Stable equilibrium NON-equilibrium Second law Generalized Potential Generalized Reservoir Generalized Exergy Generalized Entropy Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle
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关于黑洞和时间性质的探索 被引量:1
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作者 赵峥 《北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期835-843,共9页
简单回顾了北京师范大学广义相对论团队创建初期的历史.介绍了团队独创的部分研究成果:一项是创建了逐点计算非稳态黑洞表面各点温度的方法;另一项是指出热力学第零定律等价于钟速同步的传递性.
关键词 黑洞 霍金辐射 第零定律 热平衡 钟速同步
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论物质初始状态 被引量:1
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作者 王忆锋 《云光技术》 2023年第2期60-74,共15页
宇宙空间中从没有物质的状态到有物质的状态,存在一个从无到有的转折点,将这样一个转折点定义为初始时刻。物质在初始时刻的状态就是物质初始状态。对物质初始状态进行了定性分析和定量分析。从定性的角度来说,初始时刻的物质有速度、... 宇宙空间中从没有物质的状态到有物质的状态,存在一个从无到有的转折点,将这样一个转折点定义为初始时刻。物质在初始时刻的状态就是物质初始状态。对物质初始状态进行了定性分析和定量分析。从定性的角度来说,初始时刻的物质有速度、有质量、有温度。从定量的角度来说,在初始时刻有且只有一个物质。如果认同宇宙质量守恒,则该物质的质量是宇宙总质量。该物质以光速保持匀速直线运动,该物质的温度是宇宙热平衡温度,这就是物质在宇宙空间中的初始状态。 展开更多
关键词 运动定律 光速原理 哈勃定律 黑体辐射 宇宙热平衡温度 物质初始状态
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融合浓度平衡和菲克定律的新平衡优化器算法 被引量:2
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作者 张梦溪 马良 刘勇 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第3期66-76,共11页
针对平衡优化器算法(equilibrium optimizer,EO)出现的收敛速度慢、算法精度不够、开发和搜索阶段信息不平衡等问题,提出了融合浓度平衡和菲克定律的新平衡优化器算法(new equilibrium optimizer,NEO)。根据布朗运动和扩散现象,不同浓... 针对平衡优化器算法(equilibrium optimizer,EO)出现的收敛速度慢、算法精度不够、开发和搜索阶段信息不平衡等问题,提出了融合浓度平衡和菲克定律的新平衡优化器算法(new equilibrium optimizer,NEO)。根据布朗运动和扩散现象,不同浓度区域的粒子采取不同的浓度平衡机制,改进算法平衡池,提高种群间的信息交流能力;在算法参数中引入幂函数和指数函数两种自适应因子,进一步平衡全局搜索和局部开发能力,使得粒子种群在解空间中进行广泛搜索和深度挖掘;根据菲克定律,在粒子位置更新公式中引入扰动机制,提高算法寻优精度和收敛速度。采用24个基准测试函数和Wilcoxon秩和检验,将NEO算法和其他智能优化算法进行仿真实验对比,结果表明NEO算法具有良好的优化性能。 展开更多
关键词 平衡优化器算法 浓度平衡 自适应因子 菲克定律
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水蒸汽亚毫秒级凝结实验研究
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作者 王新宝 李健斌 +5 位作者 金熠 陈龙奎 黄生洪 翟超 常光 刘中臣 《推进技术》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第8期65-72,共8页
为模拟高超声速风洞中水蒸汽凝结现象,设计了一种基于稀疏波反射原理的凝结实验系统,采用“空间等效时间”思想,在固定位置测量流场随时间的变化,实现了0.14~1.4ms亚毫秒时间尺度的凝结。通过吸收光谱测量方法实现了凝结过程中流场温度... 为模拟高超声速风洞中水蒸汽凝结现象,设计了一种基于稀疏波反射原理的凝结实验系统,采用“空间等效时间”思想,在固定位置测量流场随时间的变化,实现了0.14~1.4ms亚毫秒时间尺度的凝结。通过吸收光谱测量方法实现了凝结过程中流场温度、水蒸汽含量的高时间分辨率(100kHz)测量,对小时间尺度凝结现象的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:不同亚毫秒时间尺度下凝结规律相同;水蒸汽含量或试验段初始压力增加,凝结发生越快,即喷管中的凝结位置越靠前,而发生凝结时的拐点温度越高;初始压力与水蒸汽含量不变时,压力下降速度越快,发生凝结位置越靠前,发生凝结时拐点温度相同。 展开更多
关键词 燃烧加热风洞 水蒸汽 小时间尺度 非平衡凝结 凝结规律 吸收光谱技术
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