Sensing Time Optimization in Energy-Harvesting Cognitive Radio with Interference Rate Control

In this paper,an energy-harvesting cognitive radio(CR) is considered,which allows the transmitter of the secondary user(SU) to harvest the primary signal energy from the transmitter of the primary user(PU) when the presence of the PU is detected.Then the harvested energy is converted into the electrical power to supply the transmission of the SU at the detected absence of the PU.By adopting the periodic spectrum sensing,the average total transmission rate of the SU is maximized through optimizing the sensing time,subject to the constraints of the probabilities of false alarm and detection,the harvested energy and the interference rate control.The simulation results show that there deed exists an optimal sensing time that maximizes the transmission rate,and the maximum transmission rate of the energy-harvesting CR can better approach to that of the traditional CR with the increasing of the detection probability.

电动叶菜收获机速度协同控制系统设计与试验

针对电动叶菜收获机切割、输送和行走三者速度不协调导致的叶菜损伤率高、功耗大和收获效率低等问题,开发了一种电动叶菜收获机速度协同控制系统。系统以可编程逻辑控制器为核心,利用信息传感模块对割刀电机的电流、电压和转速进行数据采集;主控模块根据速度协同控制算法对采集信号进行处理,得到负载信息并协同切割、输送和行走三者速度。田间试验结果表明:系统稳定可靠,能够根据收获情况动态协同各部件速度参数,叶菜损伤率为8.88%;与传统定速控制方法相比,收获机功耗降低了13.1%,收获效率提升了33.4%。

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

Complete Charging for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System

Under an in-phase assumption, the complete charging for an energy harvesting system is studied, which consists of a piezoelectric energy harvester(PEH), a bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor, a switch, a controller and a rechargeable battery. For the transient charging, the results indicate that the voltage across the filter capacitor increases as the charging proceeds, which is consistent with that reported in the literature. However, a new finding shows that the charging rate and energy harvesting efficiency decrease over time after their respective peak values are acquired.For the steady-state charging, the results reveal that the energy harvesting efficiency can be adjusted by altering the critical charging voltage that controls the transition of the system. The optimal energy harvesting efficiency is limited by the optimal efficiency of the transient charging. Finally, the relationship between the critical charging voltage and the equivalent resistance of the controller and rechargeable battery is established explicitly.

Performance Analysis of Cooperative NOMA with Energy Harvesting in Multi-Cell Networks

In this paper,an energy harvesting enabled cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)system for a multi-cell network is investigated.Particularly,during the direct transmission phase,base stations send their superposed messages to the near users and far users simultaneously according to a NOMA principle,while the near users act as energy harvesting enabled relays employing a power splitting protocol.During the cooperative phase,the near users transmit their decoded messages to the corresponding far users using harvested energy.Using tools from stochastic geometry,we firstly calculate the signal to interference ratios of the users in each NOMA group including one near user and one far user.Then,the closed-form expressions of the coverage probability,ergodic rate,and energy efficiency are derived respectively.Numerical results validate the derived expressions and show that the energy harvesting enabled cooperative NOMA system in a multi-cell network can improve the coverage probability,ergodic rate,and energy efficiency compared to its counterpart OMA system.

Power Splitting Based SWIPT in Network-Coded Two-Way Networks with Data Rate Fairness:An Information-Theoretic Perspective

This paper investigates the simultaneous wireless information and powertransfer(SWIPT) for network-coded two-way relay network from an information-theoretic perspective, where two sources exchange information via an SWIPT-aware energy harvesting(EH) relay. We present a power splitting(PS)-based two-way relaying(PS-TWR) protocol by employing the PS receiver architecture. To explore the system sum rate limit with data rate fairness, an optimization problem under total power constraint is formulated. Then, some explicit solutions are derived for the problem. Numerical results show that due to the path loss effect on energy transfer, with the same total available power, PS-TWR losses some system performance compared with traditional non-EH two-way relaying, where at relatively low and relatively high signalto-noise ratio(SNR), the performance loss is relatively small. Another observation is that, in relatively high SNR regime, PS-TWR outperforms time switching-based two-way relaying(TS-TWR) while in relatively low SNR regime TS-TWR outperforms PS-TWR. It is also shown that with individual available power at the two sources, PS-TWR outperforms TS-TWR in both relatively low and high SNR regimes.

Analysis on Mechanical Grain Harvesting Characteristics of Different New Maize Varieties

In order to screen new varieties of suitable mechanical grain harvesting maize, the main agronomic traits, stem traits and harvesting traits of maize in the harvest period were studied through taking 18 main varieties and newly-tested varieties in Liaoning Province as materials. It obtained the following results. Between different maize varieties, there was significant difference in the mechanical grain yield, and the quality difference was also significant. Ten test varieties including Tieyan 818 and Danyu 311 obtained higher yield than the control variety. The moisture content at harvesting was 26.0%-30.4%, the average moisture content was 28.22%, the average breaking rate was 6.52%, the average impurity rate was 1.91%, and the average yield loss rate was 6.33%. Danyu 212, Tieyan 58, Dika 516 and Danyu 801 had higher yield, and the grain moisture content, broken rate, impurity rate and yield loss rate were relatively low, so these varieties are suitable for promoting mechanical harvesting. Among the 8 traits surveyed, the traits positively correlated with yield were the percentage of broken stalks, degree of lodging, moisture content at harvesting, and percentage of kernel weight in ear weight, and traits negatively correlated with the yield included plant height, ear height, percentage of bare plants, and degree of lodging. Therefore, high moisture content is the main problem in the mechanical grain harvesting of maize, it is required to properly select early maturing varieties.

基于PLC技术的联合收割机电气控制系统设计

以联合收割机电气控制系统为研究对象,利用可编程控制器(PLC)对联合收割机电气控制系统进行改进,以提高联合收割机运行效率和可靠性。通过对联合收割机的工作原理和液压作动系统进行分析,基于可编程控制器(PLC)进行联合收割机电气系统整体设计,并对电气系统的运行效果进行测试分析。试验结果表明:系统运行可靠,能够获得良好的收割效果,可将收割损失率控制在2%以内,验证了系统运行过程稳定性。

Effects of Different Harvest Periods on Seed Quality of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.

[Objectives] To clarify the appropriate harvest period of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. seed and improve the quality of seeds. [Methods] In this experiment,the basic parameters and germination characteristics of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds during different harvest periods were analyzed and compared. [Results] The results showed that the A. oxyphylla Miq. fruit picking period was closely related to the seed quality,and the seed maturity was highest 100 d after the flowering of A. oxyphylla Miq.,that is,the A. oxyphylla Miq. fruit skin turned from green to yellow( yellow-green),the peel had a small number of brown spots,it was spicy enough,the fruit dry/fresh weight ratio was greater than0. 34,the seed thousand kernel weight reached 11 g or more,and the dried seed moisture content was 13. 01%. Using the TTC method,the seed viability index was determined to be 85%,and in this case,it was the best time of harvesting seed. The water permeability of A. oxyphylla Miq. seed was poor,and the seed imbibition and water absorption time was long,about 72 h. The maximum water absorption rate was about23. 71% at the imbibition and water absorption stage,and it was inferred that the A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds were hard seeds. The germination time of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds was long,the mature A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds began to germinate on the 12 th d,and the germination rate reached 75. 56% on the 50 th d. [Conclusions] This study determined the optimum harvest period of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds,clarified the biological characteristics of slow seed water absorption and long germination cycle,and concluded that the seed coat was the main factor leading to slow seed water absorption and long seed germination cycle.

Quantifying Rooftop Rainwater Harvest Potential: Case of Mbeya University of Science and Technology in Mbeya Tanzania

The advantages that the rooftop rainwater harvesting system has as a source of water supply have been examined. The observed daily rainfall records of 10 years and the current total roof area of the facilities at Mbeya University of Science and Technology as the catchment area were used. Using a water balance model to determine the suitable water use that will cover 100% of the time, the model indicated that for the current roof area a water supply of 120 lts?per day can be met when a storage tank whose capacity is 13.5 m3 is installed. When values higher that 120 l/day are simulated a tank of higher capacity is required to meet the water demand. The study recommends on the necessity of installing rooftop rainwater harvesting system so as to increase the water supply reliability and reduction of cost. The selection of a suitable storage tank capacity should take into consideration the future development plans so as to reduce the construction cost of new storage tank.

带收获率参数生物模型的Bogdanov-Takens分岔

在生物模型中引入收获率参数,通过分析收获率参数发生微小变化时对生物模型稳定性的影响,给出了生物模型在一个小领域内分岔曲线的平面图和Bogdanov-Takens分岔图.

玉米联合收获机清选控制系统设计与试验

玉米联合收获机清选系统工况复杂,存在收获质量差、效率不高等问题。基于此,设计一套清选损失率控制为主同时兼顾含杂率的自动控制系统。首先分析以风机转速、振动筛转速和喂入量为影响因素,损失率、含杂率为评价指标的正交试验数据,获取影响损失率和含杂率的主次因素,提出清选系统自动控制策略;其次,为开展控制策略和算法的研究,建立清选系统中的风机转速、振动筛转速调节装置以及收获机纵向运动的数学模型,设计离散化PID控制算法。最后,基于MATLAB/dSPACE软硬件环境,搭建清选控制系统的硬件在环仿真平台,并进行控制器在环测试。试验证明:本文设定的双目标联合控制策略和控制算法,能够有效降低清选损失率、含杂率,其中清选损失率降到2.7%左右,含杂率为2.8%左右。

一类具有收获的共享资源型捕食-食饵模型的建立与分析

本文建立了一类具有线性收获率及Holling Ⅱ型功能反应函数的共享资源型捕食-食饵模型,分析了该系统平衡点的存在性与稳定性。系统可能存在无食饵种群的平衡点,无捕食者种群的平衡点以及正平衡点,通过定性分析得到无食饵种群的平衡点在不同的条件下可以是稳定的平衡点、鞍点或者鞍结点,而无捕食者种群的平衡点始终是鞍点,并给出了正平衡点稳定的条件。最后,对系统进行数值模拟,发现收获率的不同取值可以改变系统的稳定状态。因此,利用理论分析结果可得到在保证生态稳定的前提下人类捕捞的最优收获。

基于FSLYOLO v8n的玉米籽粒收获质量在线检测方法研究

玉米籽粒破碎率和含杂率是评价玉米收获质量的关键指标。针对当前玉米籽粒直收机缺少适用于复杂田间作业环境的收获质量在线检测方法的问题,提出一种适用于小目标、多数量检测目标的玉米籽粒破碎率、含杂率轻量化检测方法。首先,根据图像中完整籽粒、破碎籽粒、玉米芯和玉米叶个体数量与个体质量的关系建立数量-质量回归模型,提出了籽粒破碎率和含杂率评估方法。其次,针对籽粒及杂质大小相近,检测物数量多,检测物面积小的特点,提出一种改进的FSLYOLO v8n算法。算法通过FasterBlock模块和无参数注意力机制SimAM改进主干网络结构,并通过使用共享卷积结合Scale模块对检测头进行改进。此外,使用SlidLoss函数替代YOLO v8n的原类别分类损失函数。FSLYOLO v8n模型的mAP@50为97.46%、帧速率为186.4 f/s,与YOLO v8n相比提高6.35%和45 f/s,且网络参数量、浮点运算量分别压缩到YOLO v8n的66.50%、64.63%,模型内存占用量仅为4.0 MB,其性能优于目前常用的轻量化模型。台架试验结果表明,提出的检测方法能够精准检测玉米籽粒破碎和含杂情况,检测准确率高达95.33%和96.15%。将改进后的模型部署在Jetson TX2开发板上,配合检测装置安装到玉米联合收获机上开展田间试验,结果表明,模型能够精准区分籽粒和杂质,满足田间工作需求。

名优茶采摘机器人收获试验

研制新一代履带式名优茶采摘机器人并以其为试验对象,在田间进行龙井茶采摘试验,对其检测、定位、末端采摘的精度以及各环节耗时进行试验评估。结果表明,所研制的名优茶采摘机器人检测成功率为88.54%,定位成功率为84.07%,末端采摘成功率为87.22%,整机采摘成功率为61.30%,所采茶叶可满足中端龙井茶要求。单芽采摘时间约1.51 s,1 h可采摘2000多个,基本实现一台机器替代一个工人的采摘效率。

我国机收蔗含杂率检测技术研究现状

甘蔗作为我国主要的制糖原料,机械化收获是其生产的重要环节,但受农艺、农机、加工等多重因素影响,其收获环节的机械化水平远落后于其他主要农作物,严重制约我国糖业的发展。本文从影响机收蔗发展的一个重要因素——含杂率检测出发,论述了机收蔗含杂率检测技术发展状况,指出寻找可靠且高效的含杂率检测的迫切性,并对现行的机收蔗含杂率检测和存在的问题进行了分析,提出采用机器视觉、深度学习等技术进行机收蔗含杂率检测方法研究。

杂交水稻不同穗萌程度种子质量差异与穗萌分级研究

研究不同穗萌程度种子质量,对科学划分穗萌级别,优化穗萌指标计算方法至关重要。本试验以钱优0508(Qianyou 0508, QY0508)、Y两优689 (Y Liangyou 689, YLY689)两个籼型杂交水稻品种为材料,测定穗上不同穗萌程度种子的发芽指标,以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标,以此评估不同穗萌程度水稻种子的发芽质量。同时,采用自然晾干和38℃烘干2种方式干燥穗萌种子,并将种子在低温和水淹2种逆境条件下发芽,探究实际生产中不同干燥处理对已穗萌种子质量的影响,及不同穗萌程度种子萌发抗逆能力的差异。此外,由于水稻种子通常在蜡熟末期至完熟初期为最佳收获期,期间均可能遭遇不良气候条件导致种子穗萌,因此本研究对不同成熟时期的穗萌种子质量也进行了探讨。通过鉴定穗上不同萌动程度的种子质量,提出了新的水稻穗萌分级方法,即完整饱满未萌动种子为0级,胚根凸起但稃壳未开裂的种子为1级,胚根露出且可见长度不足2mm的种子为2级,胚根可见长度大于2 mm的种子为3级。与0级种子相比,1~3级穗萌种子的发芽率均显著下降,不正常幼苗率显著增加,在低温、水淹逆境下,该现象更明显。相对而言, 38℃烘干方式对种子质量的影响较自然晾干小,而授粉后35 d (35 DAP)成熟度高的种子发生穗萌后对种子质量影响较授粉后25 d (25 DAP)成熟度低的种子小。本研究经过对不同穗萌程度种子质量的研究,提出了新的穗萌分级方法,对准确评估田间水稻穗萌水平有重要价值。

采前水分处理对杏李‘风味皇后’裂果及果实品质的影响

【目的】降低新疆杂交杏李的裂果率,提高果实品质与产量,为完善新疆杂交杏李的科学高效栽培技术提供参考。【方法】通过设置采前3个灌水时间(采前24 d、采前17 d、采前10 d)和2个灌水量(每小区80、120 m^(3))及对照处理,分析采前水分处理对果实裂果率及品质的影响,运用主成分分析法对各处理的果实品质进行综合评价,探究杂交杏李‘风味皇后’适宜的灌水时间及灌水量。【结果】裂果率与果实含水量、土壤含水量正相关,相关系数分别为0.524、0.489;与细胞壁含量显著负相关,相关系数为-0.509;与果皮钙含量和果肉钙含量极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.703、-0.607。缺钙和细胞壁含量低容易引起裂果。果皮钙含量与裂果率的直接通径系数最大,土壤含水量与裂果率的间接通径系数最大。主成分分析结果表明,对第1主成分贡献率值较大的指标为可溶性固形物含量、硬度、钙含量、可溶性糖含量,对第2主成分贡献率值较大的指标为维生素C含量、纤维素含量、可溶性糖含量,对第3主成分贡献率值较大的为游离脯氨酸含量、纤维素含量、钙含量。3个主成分的累计贡献率为91.917%。【结论】采前24 d灌水80 m^(3)处理下果实品质最优,综合得分为2.01分,裂果率最低(26%)。

综采放顶煤工艺研究与应用

针对放顶煤开采顶煤采出率不高的问题,进行顶煤采出率影响因素及机理分析,按照某矿实际地质条件构建实验模型对不同要素组合下顶煤采出率进行研究,确定1:1最佳采放比、一刀一放合理放煤步距和顺序放煤最佳放煤方式,通过放顶煤开采工艺的实际实施效果显示,顶煤采出率达到91.4%,完全满足开采需求。

收割时间与加工方式对天然牧草产品品质和体外消化率的影响

为探明呼伦贝尔地区适宜天然牧草收割时间以及青贮的可行性,在2022年的7月11日(T_(1)组)、7月16日(T_(2)组)、7月21日(T_(3)组)、7月26日(T_(4)组)和7月31日(T_(5)组)收割天然牧草,采用天然干燥、青贮发酵和人工干燥3种方式加工天然牧草,评价其发酵品质、营养品质和体外消化率。结果表明:5个时间收割调制的天然牧草青贮饲料发酵品质均较好,天然牧草青贮饲料T_(3)和T_(4)组乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)含量较高,pH值和氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)较低。青贮发酵组相较于天然干燥组,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)组收割的天然牧草,粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著增加(P<0.05),可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著降低(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量差异不显著(P>0.05);各个时间收割的天然牧草的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)和粗蛋白质体外消化率(IVCPD)显著增加(P<0.05)。青贮发酵组、天然干燥组和人工干燥组中,T_(4)组收割天然牧草的CP含量均最高,NDF和ADF含量较低,IVDMD和IVCPD较高。天然牧草青贮饲料的营养品质和体外消化率高于天然干燥调制的干草,在7月26日收割的天然牧草青贮饲料品质最好,建议在7月下旬中期收割天然牧草并进行青贮。