Coeliac disease in Dutch patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and vice versa

AIM: To define the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and coeliac disease in Dutch patients. METHODS: A total of 104 consecutive patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis underwent coeliac serological tests (antigliadins, transglutaminase and endomysium antibodies) and HLA-DQ typing. Small intestinal biopsy was performed when any of coeliac serological tests was positive. On the other hand, 184 patients with coeliac disease were subjected to thyroid biochemical (thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine) and thyroid serological tests (thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies). RESULTS: Of 104 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, sixteen (15%) were positive for coeliac serology and five patients with documented villous atrophy were diagnosed with coeliac disease (4.8%; 95% CI 0.7-8.9). HLA-DQ2 (and/or -DQ8) was present in all the five and 53 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (50%; 95% CI 43-62). Of 184 patients with coeliac disease, 39 (21%) were positive for thyroid serology. Based on thyroid biochemistry, the 39 patients were subclassified into euthyroidism in ten (5%; 95% CI 2-9), subclinicalhypothyroidism in seven (3.8%; 95% CI 1.8-7.6), and overt hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) in 22 (12%; 95% CI 8-16). Moreover, four patients with coeliac disease had Graves’ disease (2%; 95% CI 0.8-5) and one patient had post-partum thyroiditis. CONCLUSION: The data from a Dutch population confirm the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and coeliac disease. Screening patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis for coeliac disease and vice versa is recom- mended.

Advances in Research on the Role of Chemokines in Occurrence and Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Chemokines can be divided into four categories: α, β, γ, and δ. Chemokine α is related to neutrophil chemotaxis. Chemokine β is correlated with adsorption of monocytes,basophils, and eosinophils. Chemokine γ is mainly a lymphocyte chemokine. Function of chemokine δ remains unclear. Chemokines α and β are primarily related to occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid disease. This study reviews chemokines and their receptors that are related to Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Advances in the relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer

In recent years,the incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer has shown a rapid growth trend.These two diseases have severely affected the public health.Many epidemiological studies have shown that thyroid cancer is often associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may promote the occurrence of thyroid cancer,as well as affecting the progression of the tumor,lymph node metastasis,and even the prognosis of patients.In this paper,the relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer and the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer are reviewed regarding molecular mechanism,clinical pathology,and serology.

Coexistence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a context of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)represents 80%-85%of thyroid cancer and its prevalence has been rising in the last decades.Primary thyroid lymphoma(PTL)accounts for 3%of extranodal lymphomas and about 5%of thyroid malignancies,having a prevalence of one or two cases per million people.Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphoma represents approximately30%of PTL.Both entities have an indolent course and a very good prognosis.Diagnosis is made by ultrasound and fine needle aspiration(FNA)or surgery specimen pathology.They have also been associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT),but pathogenesis and its links remains to be known.Treatment remains controversial and surgery is generally accepted in cases of disease limited to thyroid,as the present.Patients with thyroid nodules should be observed and followed.If there is an enlargement by ultrasound or clinical symptoms,FNA should be performed promptly.Patients with HT deserve additional surveillance,since this condition is associated with both PTC and PTL.In this case,the management with surgery and radioactive iodine ablation therapy was effective for both entities.Patients with thyroid nodules should be properly evaluated with ultrasound and thyroid function tests.If there is an enlargement of the neck,reported by symptoms or ultrasound,it requires further investigation.HT is associated to both PTC and PTL so if the enlargement of the nodules is on this context additional tests such as FNA should be performed.In this case,the patient was managed with surgery and radioactive iodine ablation therapy and it was effective for both entities.

Intratumoral Bacteria Dysbiosis Is Associated with Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.

Clinical and Pathological Features of Riedel's Thyroiditis

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of Riedel's thyroiditis(RT),and current diagnostic and treatment methods for that disease.Methods Five RT cases identified by surgery and pathological examinations at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1985 to 2009 were analyzed and compared with the cases reported in the literature in terms of clinical and pathological features.Immunohistochemical staining of kappa and lambda light chains was carried out for RT tissues from all the five patients.Results All the five cases were females,aged 45-55 years.Elevation of serum thyroid autoantibodies was found in only one patient,who had longer disease duration than the others.Pathological examination revealed invasive fibrosclerosis of the thyroid follicles,thyroid capsule,and the surrounding tissues.In RT tissues,the number of cells containing lambda chains was a little higher than those containing kappa chains.Conclusions RT is a rare disease which might be more common in middle-aged females than in other populations.Pathological features include the destruction of thyroid follicle,extension into surrounding tissues by inflammatory cells and fibrous tissues.Immunohistochemical staining of kappa and lambda chains could help diagnose RT.

Role of prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of de-escalation

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.While there has been no appreciable increase in the observed mortality of well-differentiated thyroid cancer,there has been an overall rise in its incidence worldwide over the last few decades.Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)and clinical evidence of central(cN1)and/or lateral lymph node metastases require total thyroidectomy plus central and/or lateral neck dissection as the initial surgical treatment.Nodal status in PTC patients plays a crucial role in the prognostic evaluation of the recurrence risk.The 2015 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association(ATA)have more accurately determined the indications for therapeutic central and lateral lymph node dissection.However,prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection(pCND)in negative lymph node(cN0)PTC patients is controversial,as the 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that CND“should be considered”routinely in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC.Although the current guidelines show clear indications for therapeutic CND,the role of pCND in cN0 patients with PTC is still debated.In small solitary papillary carcinoma(T1,T2),pCND is not recommended unless there are high-risk prediction factors for recurrence and diffuse nodal spread(extrathyroid extension,mutation in the BRAF gene).pCND can be considered in cN0 disease with advanced primary tumors(T3 or T4)or clinical lateral neck disease(cN1b)or for staging and treatment planning purposes.The role of the preoperative evaluation is fundamental to minimizing the possible detrimental effect of overtreatment of the types of patients who are associated with low disease-related morbidity and mortality.On the other hand,it determines the choice of appropriate treatment and determines if close monitoring of patients at a higher risk is needed.Thus,pCND is currently recommended for T3 and T4 tumors but not for T1 and T2 tumors without high-risk prediction factors of recurrence.

Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Autoimmune Dysthyroidism in Internal Medicine at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis is relatively common in medicine. However, comprehensive studies are few in number, especially in Africa and particularly in Senegal. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the epidemiological, clinical, profile of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (OITD). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from 2016 to 2019 of the records of patients who consulted or were hospitalised for autoimmune dysthyroidism in the internal medicine department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. During this period, 1227 new consultations were recorded;they concerned three specialized consultations including endocrinology. The autoimmune origin was confirmed in 159 patients, i.e. in 45.69% of cases the AIDM then 12.96% of all consultations. The autoimmune origin was established on clinical, biological and immunological grounds. The data were collected from the medical records of the patients and recorded on a pre-established individual survey sheet taking into account the objectives of the study. The data collected was entered into the Sphinx V5 software on an established form. The analysis was carried out with the following software: Excel 2010 and Epi info 7.2. Results: Among this dysthyroidism, 159 patients had a confirmed autoimmune thyroid disease. On all new consultations, OITD represented 12.96% of internal medicine consultations. The sex ratio M/F was 0.18. The majority of our patients (57.86%) were aged between 25 and 44 years with extremes ranging from 11 to 63 years. In Graves’ disease, the notion of an irritative spine was found in 60.27% of cases. Signs of thyrotoxicosis were present in 92.7% of cases. There was a goiter in 81.1% of cases with a vascular character in 76.47% of cases. Anti-THR antibodies were positive in 96.15% of cases. Complications were noted in 9 patients (6.5%) such as cardiothyreosis in 8 patients (5.7%) and malignant orbitopathy noted in 1 patient (0.8%). In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, signs of hypometabolism were evident in 87.50% of patients. Anti-TPO antibodies were positive in all patients. All patients had received thyroid hormone supplementation. Thyroid autoimmune disease was associated with other autoimmune diseases in 6.2% of cases. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis is common in our daily practice in Senegal;it is dominated by Grave’s disease. Hypothyroidism was the most common manifestation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The inaccessibility of antithyroid antibody testing is an obstacle to the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

甲状腺自身抗体在桥本氏甲状腺炎及Graves病中的临床应用

目的探讨甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(Anti-TPO)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Anti-Tg)、促甲状腺素受体抗体(AntiTSHR)在桥本氏甲状腺炎和Graves病中的临床意义,为临床提供诊断治疗辅助指标及客观依据。方法分别检测桥本氏甲状腺炎和Graves病组及正常对照组血清中Anti-TPO、Anti-Tg、Anti-TSHR浓度,观察3个抗体检测结果的差异水平。结果桥本氏甲状腺炎、Graves病组与正常对照组血清中Anti-TPO、Anti-Tg浓度水平差异具有统计学意义,Graves病发作组的Anti-TSHR血清浓度水平及阳性率均明显高于正常对照组,而Graves病缓解组Anti-TSHR测定值及阳性率明显低于发作组。结论 Anti-TPO、Anti-Tg在桥本氏甲状腺炎致病中起重要作用,而Anti-TSHR对于Graves病有较高的诊断价值,可以作为诊断Graves病的特异性指标,并对提示Graves病复发有指导意义。

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血中 TSAb 及 TSBAb 的观察

为了解自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者体内刺激型及阻断型抗体共存情况，检测了４２７例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（Ｇｒａｖｅｓ′ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＧＤ）及１０６例桥本甲状腺炎（Ｈａｓｈｉｍｏｔｏ′ｓｔｈｙｒｏｄｉｔｉｓ，ＨＴ）患者血中甲状腺刺激抗体（ＴＳＡｂ）及甲状腺刺激阻断抗体（ＴＳＢＡｂ）。结果：ＧＤ组及ＨＴ组ＴＳＡｂ、ＴＳＢＡｂ的阳性率分别为９１．６％、７．７％及１４．２％、３７．７％。ＧＤ患者ＴＳＡｂ及ＴＳＢＡｂ均呈阳性者１８例，ＨＴ者两抗体共存的病人为１２例。其中，１４例ＧＤ患者有３例于１～３年内转化为甲减，１例ＨＴ者发展为甲亢，随病变性质的改变，患者血中ＴＳＡｂ及ＴＳＢＡｂ活性亦呈现相应的变化。提示两类抗体活性的消长是甲状腺功能转化的重要原因。

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases

The role of vitamin D as an immune modulator has been emphasized in recent years,and low levels of the hormone were observed in several autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Vitamin D mediates its effect though binding to vitamin D receptor(VDR),and activation of VDR-responsive genes.While VDR gene polymorphism was found to associate with autoimmune thyroid diseases(AITDs),few studies examined levels of vitamin D in these patients and those that did yielded conflicting results.We therefore undertook to evaluate the levels of vitamin D in patients with AITDs compared to patients with non-AITDs and healthy controls.Serum vitamin D(25-OH)levels were measured in 50 patients with AITDs,42 patients with non-AITDs and 98 healthy subjects,utilizing the LIAISON chemiluminescence immunoassay(DiaSorin,Saluggia,Italy).VitaminD deficiency was designated at levels lower than 10 ng/ml.Antithyroid antibodies,thyroid functions and demographic parameters were evaluated in all patients.The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in patients with AITDs compared with healthy individuals(72% versus 30.6%;P<0.001),as well as in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis compared to patients with non-AITDs(79% versus 52%;P<0.05).Vitamin D deficiency also correlated to the presence of antithyroid antibodies(P=0.01)and abnormal thyroid function tests(P=0.059).Significantly low levels of vitamin D were documented in patients with AITDs that were related to the presence of anti thyroid antibodies and abnormal thyroid function tests,suggesting the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of AITDs and the advisability of supplementation.

颈部淋巴结超声对Graves's病与桥本甲状腺炎的鉴别价值

目的:探讨颈部淋巴结超声检查对Graves病(Graves’s disease,GD)与桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,HT)的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选取GD患者100例和HT患者150例,均行超声检查,比较两组患者颈部淋巴结发现率。结果:GD组和HT组颈部Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区淋巴结偶有增大,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈部Ⅱ区在GD组和HT组均较常发现增大的淋巴结,两组比较差异无统计学意义(93%vs.94%,P>0.05);颈部Ⅵ区淋巴结HT组发现率明显高于GD组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(90%vs.11%,P<0.05)。结论:颈部Ⅵ区淋巴结的发现,对GD与HT的鉴别诊断,尤其是对超声表现相似的GD与HT甲状腺功能亢进期的鉴别诊断具有重要价值。

中医药治疗自身免疫性甲状腺疾病网络药理学研究进展

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病是一种常见的自身免疫性疾病,发病率呈上升趋势,但其发病机制仍未明晰,临床在改善患者临床症状及提高生活质量方面仍有欠缺,网络药理学通过分析药物、靶点及疾病之间“多成分、多靶点、多途径”协同作用关系,目前已被应用于对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的治疗指导。通过对相关文献进行分析,总结当前利用网络药理学方法进行中医药治疗自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的研究,阐明单药或者中药复方中的活性成分、作用靶点、生物过程及通路分析,为临床提供参考。此外,总结网络药理学的不足,以期中医药可以通过此法得到更好的发展。

超声联合抗体状态预测桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺乳头状癌的ATA复发风险分层

目的基于桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺乳头状癌的超声特征和桥本甲状腺炎特异性抗体状态,预测2015版美国甲状腺学会(ATA)复发风险分层。资料与方法回顾性分析2017年1月—2019年12月于解放军总医院第一医学中心初次行甲状腺手术的479例甲状腺乳头状癌与桥本甲状腺炎共存患者的超声及临床资料,按照时间分为训练组327例及验证组152例。采用多因素Logistic回归分析与ATA高复发风险分层相关的独立影响因素,构建、筛选预测模型,采用曲线下面积、校准曲线、布里尔评分评估模型效能。结果多因素Logistic分析显示,结节恶性多灶(OR=3.812,95%CI 1.275~11.397,P=0.017)、结节接触被膜(OR=8.012,95%CI 1.647~38.972,P=0.010)、微钙化(OR=4.220,95%CI 1.302~13.678,P=0.016)、纵横比>1(OR=4.017,95%CI 1.286~12.548,P=0.017)、结节血流丰富(OR=6.120,95%CI 2.225~16.832,P<0.001)、结节最大径≥1 cm(OR=4.784,95%CI 1.360~16.833,P=0.015)、腺体呈典型桥本回声(OR=0.114,95%CI 0.039~0.330,P<0.001)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体单阳性(OR=0.088,95%CI 0.006~1.299,P=0.077)是高复发风险分层的独立预测因素。预测模型在训练组及验证组中曲线下面积分别为0.942(95%CI 0.911~0.972)和0.933(95%CI 0.878~0.990),两组校准曲线均拟合良好,布里尔评分分别为0.054和0.058,模型预测效能良好。结论基于超声特征联合抗体状态的术前预测模型评估甲状腺乳头状癌与桥本甲状腺炎共存患者ATA复发风险分层具有良好的效能,可为临床拟定治疗方案提供帮助。

仝小林院士态靶辨治桥本甲状腺炎伴玫瑰痤疮验案1则

桥本甲状腺炎为常见自身免疫性甲状腺炎,属于中医学“瘿病”范畴。仝小林院士认为桥本甲状腺炎主要病因为情志失常,临床病程呈“郁-瘀-虚”,治疗上采用“态靶因果”辨治方略,在调态打靶的基础上,审因论治,识果防变。通过对仝小林院士治疗桥本甲状腺炎伴玫瑰痤疮的医案资料进行整理分析,将中医传统临床诊疗思路与现代医学中的疑难问题结合,以期为临床综合诊疗提供参考。

索拉非尼对碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者血清及影像学变化研究

目的探讨索拉非尼对碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者血清及影像学变化。方法选择2020年收治的碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌40例,患者均服用索拉非尼药物治疗。分析40例碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者使用索拉非尼治疗后的临床疗效,比较患者治疗前后血清学指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NAGL)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TG-Ab)、三酰甘油(TG)]及患者治疗前后免疫功能指标,分析不良反应发生情况,比较患者治疗前后生活质量评分,比较患者治疗前后表观扩散系数(ADC)值变化情况。结果40例碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者随访时间122~303 d,截止随访303 d时,疾病客观缓解率为60.0%,疾病控制率为80.0%。患者全部发生不同程度的不良反应,不良反应发生率最多的有脱发、高血压、手足综合征、乏力、腹泻,发生率均超过20%。患者治疗后的VEGF、NAGL、TG-Ab、TG水平小于治疗前(P<0.05)。患者治疗后的CD8^(+)大于治疗前,CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值均小于治疗前(P<0.05)。患者治疗后的精神健康、感情职能、社会功能、精力、一般健康状况、躯体疼痛、生理职能、生理功能各项生活质量评分均大于治疗前(P<0.05)。患者的ADC值呈持续升高趋势。结论碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者使用索拉非尼治疗,患者血清学指标明显下降,免疫功能显著改善,虽然存在不良反应,可疾病控制率相对较高,治疗效果较理想,患者生活质量得到较大提高;同时,索拉非尼治疗后经影像学检查患者的ADC值,一定程度可发挥客观评价作用,为患者后续治疗提供一些指导。

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎合并甲状腺癌104例临床分析

目的探讨我院慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(CLT)合并甲状腺癌的发病率及CLT合并结节的手术指征。方法回顾分析我院2004年10月至2010年9月期间104例CLT合并甲状腺癌的临床资料。结果本组CLT合并甲状腺癌的发生率为35.99%(104/289)。术前正确诊断率为27.88%。超声提示96.15%患者伴有甲状腺结节,80.77%伴有钙化。本组患者均行手术治疗,效果良好,5例(4.8%)于术后2年内复发。结论 CLT可能是甲状腺癌的前期病变。对CLT合并甲状腺结节者应考虑手术治疗,尤其术前超声提示钙化和/或ECT提示为"冷结节"者。对于CLT合并甲状腺癌的手术应采取甲状腺癌根治性手术的原则进行手术。

CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中数量和功能变化

目的:探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Tregs)的数量和功能变化。方法:采用化学发光法测定20例初发Graves’病人、20例初发桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者及20例健康体检者血清中促甲状腺素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)和甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)的水平;用流式细胞仪分析外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中CD4+T细胞及CD4+CD25+Tregs的数量;采用磁珠分选技术分选5例HT病人和5例健康体检者PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs和CD4+CD25-T细胞,采用MTT法检测CD4+CD25+Tregs对自身CD4+CD25-T细胞增殖的抑制作用;提取各组PBMC的总RNA,经Real time-PCR检测TGFβ-1、Foxp3 mRNA的表达水平。结果:流式细胞检测结果显示,初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者外周血PBMC中CD4+T细胞数量与正常人比较无差异(P<0.05);初发HT患者外周血PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs占CD4+T细胞的比率为(1.55%±0.49%),明显低于正常对照组(2.86%±1.04%)(P<0.05);初发Graves’病人外周血PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs占CD4+T细胞的比率为(3.25%±0.97%),与正常对照组(2.86%±1.04%)相比无显著性差异(P<0.05)。MTT结果显示,初发HT患者CD4+CD25+Tregs对自身CD4+CD25-T细胞增殖的抑制百分率为15.7%±5.36%,与正常组(41.7%±9.87%)相比显著降低(P<0.05)。Real time-PCR结果显示,初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者PBMC的TGFβ-1 mRNA表达水平分别为(0.37±0.10)和(0.43±0.09),均明显低于正常对照组(1.02±0.04)(P<0.05);初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者PBMC的Foxp3 mRNA表达水平分别为0.62±0.09和0.42±0.29,均明显低于正常对照组(0.99±0.17)(P<0.05)。结论:本研究结果提示,HT患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Tregs的数量和功能明显降低。Graves’病和HT患者外周血PBMC中TGFβ-1、Foxp3 mRNA表达水平明显降低。

超声钙化征象对桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断价值

目的探讨超声及其钙化特征对桥本甲状腺炎（HT）背景下甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析885例经病理诊断的甲状腺结节的超声资料,其中伴发HT患者178例,非HT患者707例。结合病理结果,比较超声及其钙化征象对两者的诊断价值。结果 HT组超声诊断甲状腺结节良恶性准确率为76.40%,非HT组诊断准确率为80.76%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HT组和非HT组恶性结节的微钙化率分别为50.77%、49.37%,HT组和非HT组恶性结节的粗钙化率分别为6.15%、12.55%,两组间恶性结节微钙化率及粗钙化率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HT组与非HT组良性结节中微钙化率、粗钙化率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HT组伴微钙化恶性结节比例明显高于良性结节（50.77%比12.39%,χ~2=31.279,P〈0.001）;非HT组中伴微钙化恶性结节的比例也明显高于良性结节（49.37%比19.23%,χ~2=69.220,P〈0.001）。HT组恶性结节伴粗钙化比例为6.15%,而良性结节伴粗钙化的比例为11.50%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。非HT组的恶性结节粗钙化比例为12.55%,明显高于良性结节的粗钙化比例6.62%（χ~2=7.053,P〈0.01）。结论 HT背景对于超声诊断甲状腺结节的性质无显著影响。