降雨引发斜坡破坏的阈值是地质灾害预警的基础。文章以2004—2019年白龙江流域甘肃段5个县区内因长期强降雨引发的滑坡作为研究对象,采用频数法研究不同岩性特征的滑坡降雨预警阈值。构建了不同概率等级下,引发滑坡的事件降雨量(event r...降雨引发斜坡破坏的阈值是地质灾害预警的基础。文章以2004—2019年白龙江流域甘肃段5个县区内因长期强降雨引发的滑坡作为研究对象,采用频数法研究不同岩性特征的滑坡降雨预警阈值。构建了不同概率等级下,引发滑坡的事件降雨量(event rainfall)与降雨历时(duration of rainfall)之间的关系模型,并给出了下限临界累计降雨阈值。通过2020年陇南武都区暴洪灾害引发的滑坡特征及降雨数据验证,滑坡前雨量计监测获得的累计降雨量与模型给出的临界累计降雨阈值基本相符,对持续强降雨引发的滑坡灾害的预警具有指导意义。展开更多
Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of Chinas development of earthqua...Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of Chinas development of earthquake science. In recent years,the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Peoples Republic of China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation,and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th "Five-year Plan" for "Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster". The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC,the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable,and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed,the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.展开更多
The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazard...The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.展开更多
随着现代工业的高速发展,危险废物污染已成为环境突出问题。为全面了解当前国内外危险废物相关研究的现状与方向,对Web of Science与中国知网数据库中危险废物研究领域相关文献进行汇总整理,使用文献计量学方法分析该领域近20年来的发...随着现代工业的高速发展,危险废物污染已成为环境突出问题。为全面了解当前国内外危险废物相关研究的现状与方向,对Web of Science与中国知网数据库中危险废物研究领域相关文献进行汇总整理,使用文献计量学方法分析该领域近20年来的发展现状、前沿热点与发展趋势。结果显示,目前危险废物研究领域相关文献发表与科研合作规模呈现稳中有增的态势,国内外均对其表现出高度的重视。中国自2009年起在该领域发展提速,发文量与国际合作规模现已跃居世界首位。关键词等可视化分析结果表明,当前危险废物研究领域主要聚焦于政策标准制定、处置技术研发与污染物环境影响评价,其中吸附、固化/稳定化及协同处置等是该领域主要研发的处置技术;重金属、砷及二恶英等污染物的迁移释放及浸出毒性等是该领域的研究热点。在循环经济发展模式下,有利于危险废物综合利用的生命周期评价开始取代以往片面单一的研究方法,实现危险废物减量化、无害化与资源化将成为今后危险废物研究的出发点与首要目标。展开更多
文摘降雨引发斜坡破坏的阈值是地质灾害预警的基础。文章以2004—2019年白龙江流域甘肃段5个县区内因长期强降雨引发的滑坡作为研究对象,采用频数法研究不同岩性特征的滑坡降雨预警阈值。构建了不同概率等级下,引发滑坡的事件降雨量(event rainfall)与降雨历时(duration of rainfall)之间的关系模型,并给出了下限临界累计降雨阈值。通过2020年陇南武都区暴洪灾害引发的滑坡特征及降雨数据验证,滑坡前雨量计监测获得的累计降雨量与模型给出的临界累计降雨阈值基本相符,对持续强降雨引发的滑坡灾害的预警具有指导意义。
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1503200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41614058,41790463 and 41574050)
文摘Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of Chinas development of earthquake science. In recent years,the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Peoples Republic of China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation,and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th "Five-year Plan" for "Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster". The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC,the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable,and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed,the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.
文摘The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.
文摘随着现代工业的高速发展,危险废物污染已成为环境突出问题。为全面了解当前国内外危险废物相关研究的现状与方向,对Web of Science与中国知网数据库中危险废物研究领域相关文献进行汇总整理,使用文献计量学方法分析该领域近20年来的发展现状、前沿热点与发展趋势。结果显示,目前危险废物研究领域相关文献发表与科研合作规模呈现稳中有增的态势,国内外均对其表现出高度的重视。中国自2009年起在该领域发展提速,发文量与国际合作规模现已跃居世界首位。关键词等可视化分析结果表明,当前危险废物研究领域主要聚焦于政策标准制定、处置技术研发与污染物环境影响评价,其中吸附、固化/稳定化及协同处置等是该领域主要研发的处置技术;重金属、砷及二恶英等污染物的迁移释放及浸出毒性等是该领域的研究热点。在循环经济发展模式下,有利于危险废物综合利用的生命周期评价开始取代以往片面单一的研究方法,实现危险废物减量化、无害化与资源化将成为今后危险废物研究的出发点与首要目标。