There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process i...There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry.Both of these have certain advantages and limitations,i.e.,HAZOP is structured,and what-if covers broad range of scenarios.There is no hazard identification method,which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature.For this purpose,a new technique namely integrated hazard identification(IHI)is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If.The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section.Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario.This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software.This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario.It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes,concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm,compared to 1100 ppm(AEGL-3).Thus the proposed method would be easy,time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries.展开更多
City gas explosion accidents have occurred frequently in recent years,leading to major injuries and losses.An effective emergency response process is necessary to deal with city gas accidents by preventing them from e...City gas explosion accidents have occurred frequently in recent years,leading to major injuries and losses.An effective emergency response process is necessary to deal with city gas accidents by preventing them from expanding and reducing losses.However,emergency response is a complex process that includes many contributing factors,such as personnel,departments,and materials.If one or more of these factors fails,it will affect the implementation of the emergency response.Therefore,more efforts should be made on the systematic procedures and methods addressing risks in emergency response process.From the view of Process Hazard Analysis(PHA),the emergency response process can be seen as a work process with many operation nodes.In this sense,PHA methods such as HAZOP can be used for the risk analysis of the emergency response process.First,the emergency response process of a city gas explosion accident is broken down into procedure-based operations.Then HAZOP is used to comprehensively review the process and obtain deviations,causes,and consequences,which are considered as risk factors.Finally,Bayesian networks are used to characterize the inter relationships of various factors and quantify the risk of the emergency response process.Furthermore,the most critical events can be identified based on the sensitivity analysis.The results show that firefighters'operations,management of the emergency command center,and environmental conditions on site are critical factors during city gas explosion accidents.The method proposed can help identify potential risks of the emergency response process systematically and prevent accident expansion.展开更多
文摘There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry.Both of these have certain advantages and limitations,i.e.,HAZOP is structured,and what-if covers broad range of scenarios.There is no hazard identification method,which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature.For this purpose,a new technique namely integrated hazard identification(IHI)is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If.The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section.Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario.This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software.This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario.It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes,concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm,compared to 1100 ppm(AEGL-3).Thus the proposed method would be easy,time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries.
基金supported by the program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51904169),ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2019BEE018),China.
文摘City gas explosion accidents have occurred frequently in recent years,leading to major injuries and losses.An effective emergency response process is necessary to deal with city gas accidents by preventing them from expanding and reducing losses.However,emergency response is a complex process that includes many contributing factors,such as personnel,departments,and materials.If one or more of these factors fails,it will affect the implementation of the emergency response.Therefore,more efforts should be made on the systematic procedures and methods addressing risks in emergency response process.From the view of Process Hazard Analysis(PHA),the emergency response process can be seen as a work process with many operation nodes.In this sense,PHA methods such as HAZOP can be used for the risk analysis of the emergency response process.First,the emergency response process of a city gas explosion accident is broken down into procedure-based operations.Then HAZOP is used to comprehensively review the process and obtain deviations,causes,and consequences,which are considered as risk factors.Finally,Bayesian networks are used to characterize the inter relationships of various factors and quantify the risk of the emergency response process.Furthermore,the most critical events can be identified based on the sensitivity analysis.The results show that firefighters'operations,management of the emergency command center,and environmental conditions on site are critical factors during city gas explosion accidents.The method proposed can help identify potential risks of the emergency response process systematically and prevent accident expansion.
