Evaluation of Karst Hazards for Civil and Industrial Buildings

The European part of Russia exhibits highly developed sulphate and carbonate karst. It mostly occurs within river valleys with relatively thin covering deposits. These conditions may induce karst collapses, which appear to be the main danger for civil and industrial buildings. Evolution of karst rocks includes several epochs of karst development, which causes complicated distribution of karst caves in karst rocks and, as the result, irregular distribution of karst caves on the surface. Karst hazards prediction is mostly reliable within the geotechnical system “Karst-Construction”, using probability methods. This approach allows creating 3 types of antikarst protection (alternative design of construction arrangement on a plan, structural protection of a construction and plugging of karst caves beneath construction foundation) and selecting the optimum or the most effective version or their rational combination.

全球金融危机下贸易保护主义的特点、危害与应对

金融危机引发的贸易保护主义有五大特点,即贸易保护主义产生的深层性,贸易保护主义的全球性,贸易保护主义的虚伪性,贸易保护层次和手段多样性,贸易保护主义应对的复杂性。金融危机引发的贸易保护主义给世界经济贸易带来五大危害,即使经济全球化逆转,严重冲击全球贸易、引发贸易战,使多哈回合久拖不决,把整个世界拖向更为深重的经济危机,引发社会动荡和政治危机。其危害性已引起世界关注,国际社会通过各种会议,采取共同行动,加以抵制;世界贸易组织也采取了许多积极的应对贸易保护主义的措施。金融危机引发的贸易保护主义通过三个渠道影响中国,使中国对外贸易出现萎缩,并成为世界贸易摩擦中最大受害成员,作者建议中国采取十二项应对贸易保护主义的策略。