Integration of Geological, Geophysical and Seismological Data for Seismic Hazard Assessment Using Spatial Matching Index

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) takes into account as much data as possible for defining the initial seismic source zone model. In response to this, an algorithm has been developed for integration of geological, geophysical and seismological data through a spatial index showing the presence or absence of a potential seismic source feature in the input data. The spatial matching index (SMI) is calculated to define the coincidence of independent data showing any indications for existence of a fault structure. It is applied for hazard assessment of Bulgaria through quantification of the seismic potential of 416 square blocks, 20 × 20 km in size covering the entire territory of Bulgaria and extended by 20 km outside of the country borders. All operations are carried out in GIS environment using its capabilities to work with different types of georeferenced spatial data. Results show that the highest seismic potential (largest SMI) is observed in 56 block elements (13% of the territory) clearly delineating cores of the source zones. Partial match is registered in 98 block elements when one of the features is missing. Not any evidence for earthquake occurrence is predicted by our calculation in 117 elements, comprising 28% of the examined area. The quantitative parameter for spatial data integration which is obtained in the present research may be used to analyze information regardless of its type and purpose.

Contamination assessment,source apportionment and associated health risks of PTEs in agricultural soil under five land-use patterns in Sanya,China

To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.

基于模糊层次分析法的医院HIS供应商选择评价

针对医院信息系统功能需求,以HIS供应商选择为研究对象,在建立相应评价指标体系的基础上,应用模糊层次分析法对不同HIS供应商进行综合评价,帮助医院选择合适的HIS供应商。

全身炎症反应指数与缺血性脑卒中患者复发风险的关联性研究

背景全身炎症反应指数(SIRI)是一种较新的炎症生物标志物,其与缺血性脑卒中患者复发的关系尚不明确。目的探讨SIRI水平与缺血性脑卒中患者1年内复发的关联性。方法选取2019年3月—2021年3月在南昌大学第一附属医院、南昌大学第二附属医院、南昌市第二医院和南昌市第三医院住院且确诊为缺血性脑卒中的患者作为研究对象进入队列,并对其随访1年。收集患者入院后48 h内的基线信息、随访过程中的缺血性脑卒中复发情况。采用Cox比例风险回归模型、限制性立方样条、亚组分析探讨SIRI与缺血性脑卒中患者1年内复发之间的关联性。结果本研究纳入了1023例患者,在1年随访期间共107例(10.46%)复发。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,在调整变量后,SIRI升高是缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素(HR=1.06,95%CI=1.01~1.10,P<0.05)。将SIRI按四分位数分类时,与Q1亚组(256例)相比,Q4亚组(256例)有较高的缺血性脑卒中复发风险(HR=1.80,95%CI=1.08~3.00,P<0.05)。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,SIRI与缺血性脑卒中复发风险呈J型的剂量-反应关系(PNonlinear=0.025)。进一步按性别、年龄、既往脑卒中、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分层进行亚组分析,结果显示,SIRI和入院时NIHSS评分分层存在交互作用(P<0.001),在NIHSS评分为0~1分时,SIRI(HR=1.25,95%CI=1.04~1.51,P=0.020)与缺血性脑卒中复发存在相关关系;在NIHSS评分为5~15分时,SIRI(HR=1.20,95%CI=1.12~1.28,P<0.001)与缺血性脑卒中复发存在相关关系;在上述评分区间SIRI升高与缺血性脑卒中复发风险增加有关。结论较高的SIRI与缺血性脑卒中复发风险增加明显相关。在SIRI与缺血性脑卒中复发之间观察到J型关联,且在NIHSS评分为0~1、5~15分的缺血性脑卒中患者中,SIRI升高与缺血性脑卒中复发风险增加有关。

关于HIS系统中建立病人主索引ID的研究

针对我院HIS系统中同一病人再次入院,重新分配新的住院号,不利于对同一病人历次资料全面调阅、查询的问题,提出了建立病人主索引ID的想法,使同一病人的主索引ID与他的多个病历号相关联。

ELISA法与HI法检测鸡新城疫抗体的比较及ELISA阴、阳性临界点对临床检测结果的影响

应用商品化酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）试剂盒和血球凝集抑制（ＨＩ）试验同时测定１８７份常规鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）抗体血样。结果显示，二种方法的抗体效价呈显著相关，其相关系数为０．８３。在此基础上，以ＨＩ法为标准方法对ＥＬＩＳＡ的临床检测结果进行了分析。ＨＩ法的测定结果表明，该试验群的抗体阳性率为５４．５％。按试剂盒提供的阴、阳性临界点判定结果，ＥＬＩＳＡ的相对灵敏度为９７．１％，相对特异性为６１．２％，反映总体测试能力的指标即检测准确率为８０．７％，Ｙｏｕｄｅｎ指数为０．５８；而具临床指导意义的指标即阴、阳性结果预测值分别为９４．５％和７５％。本试验还根据上述指标应用了一种改进的ＴＧ－ＲＯＣ分析方法（Ｔｗｏ－ＧｒａｐｈＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｒＯｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ），对如何选择合适的ＥＬＩＳＡ临界点进行了分析。结果显示，在不同条件下，ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒所提供的临界点并非都是最佳的，使用者可根据检测目的采用ＴＧ－ＲＯＣ法进行调整；同时也证实ＥＬＩＳＡ法是一种敏感、特异、快速、简便的血清学方法，可以大批量样品检测时采用。

HIPS阻燃复合材料三元潜在火灾危险性评价

将高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒(纳米/微米级)、十溴二苯乙烷颗粒、三氧化二锑、弹性体、分散剂和偶联剂通过一步熔融共混工艺先行制备UL94 V-0级阻燃母粒,再将其与HIPS本体树脂按不同比例混合制得阻燃复合材料,并利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)及ISO 5660锥形量热计三项测试表征制得样品的燃烧和火灾性能,从中提炼和分析LOI、垂直燃烧等级和最大热释放速率(Pk HRR)等三元关键指标相关性,给出了定性定量相结合的潜在火灾危险性分级范围。结果表明:UL94燃烧等级和Pk HRR相关性体现为当Pk HRR≤330.0 k W/m^2时,试样UL94等级均为V-0级;UL94燃烧等级和LOI相关性体现为随UL94燃烧等级从V-0降到HB时,试样LOI从27.0降到17.0;Pk HRR与LOI相关性体现为Pk HRR与LOI呈粗略反向线性相关性;UL94燃烧等级、Pk HRR和LOI三元相关性体现为当LOI<22.0、Pk HRR为399.0~665.0 k W/m^2时,材料UL94燃烧等级介于HB^V-2。

Development of fragility curves by incorporating new spectral shape indicators and a weighted damage index:case study of steel braced frames in the city of Mashhad,Iran

In this study, strong ground motion record （SGMR） selection based on Eta （~/） as a spectral shape indicator has been investigated as applied to steel braced flame structures. A probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation analysis for the definition of the target Epsilon （ε） and the target Eta （η） values at different hazard levels is presented, taking into account appropriately selected SGMR＇s. Fragility curves are developed for different limit states corresponding to three representative models of typical steel braced frames having significant irregularities in plan, by means of a weighted damage index. The results show that spectral shape indicators have an important effect on the predicted median structural capacities, and also that the parameter r/is a more robust predictor of damage than searching for records with appropriate c values.

Factor analysis of earthquake-induced geological disasters of the M7.0 Lushan earthquake in China

The seismic intensities, lithologic characteristics and terrain features from a 3000 km2-region near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake are used to analyze earthquake-induced geological disaster. The preliminary results indicate that secondary effects of the earthquake will affect specific areas, including those with glutenite and carbonate bedrock, a seismic intensity of IX, slopes between 40° and 50°, elevations of less than 2500 m, slope change rates between 20° and 30°, slope curvatures from - 1 to -0.5 and 0. 5 to 1, and relief between 50 and 100 m. Regions with susceptibility indices greater than 0.71 are prone to landslides and collapses. The secondary features are mainly distributed on both sides of the ridges that extend from Baosheng to Shuangshi and from Baosheng to Longxing. Other features are scattered on both sides of the ridges that extend from Qishuping to Baosheng and from Masangping to Lingguan. The distribution of the earthquake-related features trends in the NE direction, and the area that was most affected by the Lushan earthquake covers approximately 52.4 km^2.

An Analysis for Distribution of Natural Radionuclides in Soil, Sand and Sediment of Potenga Sea Beach Area of Chittagong, Bangladesh

A HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detector based, low background gamma-ray counting system was used for activity measurement in soil, sand and sediment samples collected from Potenga sea beach area of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The specific radioactivities of Radium (226Ra), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) were measured in the above samples. The investigation reflects the lower deposition of minerals exist in the collected samples. From the measured specific radioactivities of the above three natural radionuclides, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex), the external gamma absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were calculated. The obtained mean values of gamma absorbed dose rate in soil and sand samples and annual effective dose in soil, sand and sediment samples were found higher than the worldwide average as reported by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 2000). The Raeq values were in the range of 47.86 to 293.76 Bq·kg-1 and the Hex varied from 0.13 - 0.81, which indicated that the study area was radiologically safe for human being.

HIS系统二次开发在医院管理指标分析中的应用

医院信息化在医院管理中发挥着重要的作用,特别是在医院评审和评价工作中,日常统计指标是评价医院运营情况的重要依据,如何利用现有条件,对HIS系统进行二次开发,整合数据资源,把准确细致的数据服务于医院管理显得极为重要。

考虑HI理论和在线监测误差的配电网可靠性评估

为实现配电网可靠性的实时动态评估,基于健康指数理论,提出了一种基于设备健康度评价模型的配电网可靠性评估方法。首先,根据设备指标类型建立健康度评估模型,并对各指标赋予权重,得到设备的健康指数;其次,由设备健康指数与故障率的关系求得设备的实时故障率,并进行配电网可靠性的实时评估;再次,提出了监测数据精度模型,考虑监测数据不准确会对可靠性造成影响,对设备的实时故障率进行了修正;最后,通过算例验证了所提模型和方法的有效性,并对比分析了由均匀分布和正态分布生成的指标数据对设备健康指数的影响,结果表明设备健康指数与数据类型和分布函数类型有关。

陕西省人民医院HIS系统索引优化的设计与实现

HIS(HospitalInformationSystem)系统经过多年的运行后由于数据的大量增加,运行环境的改变等,需要对系统进行优化处理,以提高系统的性能。在对陕西省人民医院HIS系统运行情况深入分析的基础上提出了对系统索引优化的策略,并在系统中实现。

Contribution to the Knowledge of Biodeteriogenic Flora on Three Historical Calabrian (Southern Italy) Churches

The effect of biodeteriogenic living organisms on historical and archeological sites is a well-known problem affecting the world’s cultural heritage. Indeed, the growth inside the bricks of shrubs and herbs roots can cause breakage, collapse and, detachment of materials. The knowledge of the spontaneous vascular flora present on monuments is essential for protection and safeguarding of cultural heritage. In this paper, we identify and describe biodeteriogenic vascular flora of three historical Calabrian (Southern Italy) churches, showing the relationship between plant biodiversity and exposure and building material of churches. The species present on the wall and in perimeter for each church were sampled noting substrate type, surface inclination (vertical or horizontal) and exposure. The total number of plant species recorded was 27. Hemicryptophytes (41%) prevail over the other biological forms and the most represented families are that of the Asteraceae. Parietaria judaica is the only species present in all three sites. Substrate type, climatic condition and surface inclination affect the floristic composition. Sixteen out of 27 species grow on vertical surfaces, all Geophythes and Chamaephytes grow on horizontal surfaces, while Therophytes were rather on vertical surfaces. A significant difference was found in the Hazard Index values in the three churches. Only one site, presents a high average value of Hazard Index, due to the simultaneous presence of Ailanthus altissima, Ficus carica, Rubus ulmifolius and Sambucus nigra. The data collected indicate that the flora growing on wall of three Calabrian churches partially reflects the floristic context in which they are located. The diversity of the vegetational spectrum is remarkable, most of the plants are ruderal herbaceous, many weeds and invasive, and for the most part typical of the Mediterranean environment. The data collected contribute to the knowledge of the spontaneous vascular flora present on three historical Calabrian churches and their biodiversity, also in terms of conservation interest, considering its biodeteriogenic potential in the evaluation of the impact of the vegetation on each monument.

Natural hazards in Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, Central America

Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica is a county facing serious risks from natural hazards, specifically flooding, earthquakes, volcanic activity and landslides. In order to inform disaster risk reduction efforts and improve the safety and well-being of local residents, this article assessed these natural hazards using a geographical approach. First, we described the four hazards based on a review of reports from previous emergencies, scientific papers and newspaper articles. Second, we integrated spatial data on each hazard to create a hazard density index for the county at the level of the census unit (n = 140). Results demonstrate that river flooding has caused the most damage of the four hazards in recent times. Both seismic and volcanic risks (specifically ash fall from volcanic eruptions) affect the entire area of Santo Domingo. Landslides have affected localized, settled areas of steep river canyons in the southern part of the county. In general, the highest density of hazards is located in the southern reaches of Santo Domingo. As such, we recommend that local authorities concentrate their management efforts in that area.

Measurement of Gamma Emitting Radionuclides for Assessment, Environmental Hazards of Radiation in Rock and Soil Samples of Shabwah and Hadramout Regions, Yemen

The natural radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and the fallout of 137Cs in soils and granite rocks of two regions in Yemen (Shabwah and Hadramout) were measured by using gamma-ray spectrometry (HPGe) detector. The average values of the radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples are 14.34, 25.78 and 566.05 Bq/kg respectively. For rock samples, the average activity concentration for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are 45, 106 and 1235 Bq/kg respectively. Low concentration values of 137Cs in soil and rock samples under investigation, are not radiologically important. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and external hazard index (Hex) of all samples are less than the limits of 370 Bq·kg-1 and unity, respectively. The average values of total absorbed dose rate due to three primordial radionuclides in soil and rock samples are 46.5 nGy/h and 138.36 nGy/h, respectively, where the absorbed average value of the granite is higher than the permitted limit. So, the local people must avoid using these granite samples as the interior decorative materials of dwelling without radioactivity control.

Morphodynamics and sediment connectivity index in an unmanaged,debris-flow prone catchment:a through time perspective

Torrential processes are among the main actors responsible for sediment production and mobility in mountain catchments.For this reason,the understanding of preferential pathways for sediment routing has become a priority in hazard assessment and mitigation.In this context,the sediment Connectivity Index(IC)enables to analyse the existing linkage between sediment sources and the selected target(channel network or catchment outlet).The IC is a grid-based index that allows fast computation of sediment connectivity based on landscape information derived from a single Digital Terrain Model(DTM).The index computation is based on the log-ratio between an upslope and a downslope component,including information about drainage area,slope,terrain roughness,and distance to the analysis target(e.g.outlet).The output is a map that highlights the degree of structural connectivity of sediment pathways over analysed catchments.Until now,these maps are however rarely used to help defining debris-flow hazard maps,notably due to a lack of guidelines to interpret the IC spatial distribution.This paper proposes an exploitation procedure along profiles to extract more information from the analysis of mapped IC values.The methodology relies on the analysis of the IC and its component variables along the main channel profile,integrated with information about sediment budgeting derived from Difference of DEMs(DoD).The study of connectivity was applied in the unmanaged sub-catchment(without torrent control works)of the Rio Soial(Autonomous Province of Trento–NE Italy)to understanding the geomorphic evolution of the area after five debris flows(in ten years)and the related changes of sediment connectivity.Using a recent DTM as validation,we demonstrated how an IC analysis over the older DTM can help predicting geomorphic changes and associated hazards.The results show an IC aptitude to capture geomorphic trajectories,anticipate debris flow deposits in a specific channel location,and depict preferential routing pathways.

The Activity Concentrations, Radiation Contamination, and Hazards from Wastes and Soil Samples in Nasirabad Industrial Area, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Soils and other solid wastes from industrial areas of Nasirabad, Chattogram are usually dumped or used for land development. Information about the radioactivity level presented on these soil and wastes enables one to assess any possible radiological hazard to humankind by the use of such materials. A total of 37 (31 soils and 6 solid waste) samples near from different types of industries along four kilometre range were collected. The presence and activity concentrations of naturally occurred radioactive materials (NORM) and anthropogenic radionuclides in the samples were estimated using HPGe detector of 40% relative efficiency. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be ranging from 8 ± 2 to 131 ± 18.33 with an average of 21 Bq·kg-1, 10 ± 2.69 to 133 ± 15.96 with an average of 40 Bq·kg-1 and 81 ± 22.68 to 930 ± 260.40 with an average of 449 Bq·kg-1 respectively. Besides this, some hazard indices like, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), and the activity concentration index (Iy) were calculated to assess the radiation hazard in this region. The averages of calculated hazard indices were within the normal limits, except the activity concentration index, which shows elevated values. The outcomes of this study could serve as important baseline radiological data for future epidemiological studies and environmental monitoring initiatives in the study area.

Investigation on Fire Protection System of Highrise Buildings in the Context of Bir Uttam Aminul Haque Avenue in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Rapid high-rise building construction of different occupancies is becoming popular in Dhaka due to its economic gain and functional flexibility. Fire prevention poses a significant difficulty to this type of construction due to its complexity and economic worth as well. Therefore, construction of high-rise building without following the proper fire safety measures, is a common practice at present in the city and it poses a greater threat to urban life considering its associated loss. Even though, most of the owners or authorities do not respect the construction code and the majority of them lack sufficient awareness and basic fire control knowledge and practice. More often, they are unable to comprehend the magnitude and severity of severe fire hazards, and recognize the causes and implementing effective mitigation measures are rare. As a result, the number of fire hazard in high-rise construction is increasing day by day. Hence, investigating the present condition of high-rise buildings (already built) in terms of Fire Protection System is imperative to prevent the upcoming fire hazard. An urban chunk of 33 plots along with Bir Uttam Aminul Haque Avenue, located in Banani, has been chosen for the study area considering its vulnerability to fire hazard. Among these buildings, STAR Tower and HBR Tower, these two high-rise buildings are assessed thoroughly using FRI (Fire Risk Index) Method. The method is semi-quantitative in nature with seventeen parameters associated with fire protection. This assessment represents a scenario in what extent fire codes are being followed in the selected area. It concludes that most of the buildings lack in providing protection against fire hazards for not following the code strictly. This research provides some recommendations which can be followed to improve the fire safety measures in this existing context. It is expected that this research could be a unique addition to firefighting knowledge by contributing to mitigating the consequences of fire related hazards in any densely populated city like Dhaka.

Seismic Hazard Matrix of Buildings in Yunnan

Seismologists have begun to investigate the earthquake damage and assess the economic losses on the spot in the Yunnan area since the earthquakes with M_S6.7 and M_S6.9 that occurred on the boundary between China and Myanmar west of Menglian county,Yunnan Province,on April 23,1992.From 1992 to 2003,50 destructive earthquakes occurred in Yunnan,and large amounts of data on seismic hazard have been accumulated.With focus on the major building structures,the paper makes statistical analysis on the earthquake damage ratio,loss ratio and seismic hazard index in the areas with different seismic intensity of the 50 events,and presents the seismic hazard matrix of buildings for the Yunnan area.