Protection of personal information is a significant issue in the construction of legal systems in various countries in the information age.Introducing a balanced approach for protecting personal information is an impo...Protection of personal information is a significant issue in the construction of legal systems in various countries in the information age.Introducing a balanced approach for protecting personal information is an important goal of basic human rights protection and data legislation.Personal information protection involves comprehensive considerations among various values,and the balanced structure between personal information rights and other rights systems has become the key to legislation on personal information protection.The“news exception”is a prominent example representing the balanced structure of personal information protection.As a societal instrument,news not only pursues commercial value but also advocates freedom of expression and public value.There exists a natural tension between news and personal information protection.The“news exception”of the balanced structure has become a fundamental requirement and important connotation for constructing a system for protecting personal information.The balanced structure of the“news exception”requires a reasonable definition of the concept and purpose of news,and both the self-discipline within the news industry and the judicial intervention are necessary factors.China has preliminarily completed the top-level legislative design of personal information protection through laws such as the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.However,the balanced mechanism of the“news exception”has not yet been fully established in China.A“news exception”based on the ideas of balance and the improvement of the institutional system is the fundamental principle for the development of China’s personal information protection system.展开更多
This paper compares the differences of information presentation in the straight news reports about international air disasters in ChD （China Daily） and NYT （The New York Times）. The type of straight news report is...This paper compares the differences of information presentation in the straight news reports about international air disasters in ChD （China Daily） and NYT （The New York Times）. The type of straight news report is regarded as the most objective news report in the journalistic field. The purpose of this research is to find out the different journalistic cultures or orientations between Chinese and American newspapers when they report the same world event. This paper finds that ChD prefers to provide more information for the consequences of the event and reactions to it usually by making general and static statements. NYT attaches more importance to background introduction and is more liable to use detailed and dynamic description展开更多
The Warsaw Pact Summit ended a two-day meeting in Warsaw on July 16 with joint declarations offering new East-West disarmament. Iran announced on July 18 that it had unconditionally accepted the UN Security Council Re...The Warsaw Pact Summit ended a two-day meeting in Warsaw on July 16 with joint declarations offering new East-West disarmament. Iran announced on July 18 that it had unconditionally accepted the UN Security Council Resolution 598. which called for an immediate ceasefire in the Gulf war, Much of the world welcomed Iran’s announcement. Six展开更多
Dissemination of information medium are no longer limited to newspapers, television and radio but is extending to the online news. The number of online news readers is rapidly increasing along with the popularity of t...Dissemination of information medium are no longer limited to newspapers, television and radio but is extending to the online news. The number of online news readers is rapidly increasing along with the popularity of the Internet. However, only sources that emphasizes the element of credibility will be accepted by the readers. This study was conducted to determine the credibility of online news; to identify the relationship between online news credibility and youth acceptance. Using a quantitative approach, a total of 400 youth selected to participate in the study out of the 68,000 population in Selangor. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science （SPSS） version 21.0. This study shows that a group of young women were the common group who seek and read online information. Based on the findings too, online news in Malaysia are less credible. Although the online news is less credible, the results shows that youth read online news because the contents are current and up to date. Further, result of the Pearson＇s correlation test shows that the more credible elements available in online news, the more that medium is accepted by youth.展开更多
The essay aims at analyzing the relationship between the changes of political information,disseminated through the net,and the dangers to democracy.In particular,three topics will be addressed:the change of ways of ma...The essay aims at analyzing the relationship between the changes of political information,disseminated through the net,and the dangers to democracy.In particular,three topics will be addressed:the change of ways of making political information on the net;the new characteristics of political information disseminated on the net and the risk for democracy;the need to combat political disinformation on the net through adequate regulation.In this regard,the paper analyzes the measures adopted in some European countries,such as France,Germany,and Spain,aimed at countering disinformation online and fake news,especially in the field of political information,and the action started by the European Union for this purpose.The measures adopted by some European countries are aimed at:repressing the disinformation and fake news;providing transparency obligations for providers;promoting media literacy programs.Instead,the European Union preferred to resort to self-regulation by providers.In fact,although the European Union can adopt a regulation containing specific obligations for providers,for the moment it has provided for the adoption of a Code of good practice to combat disinformation which is not binding on them.In this regard,the paper analyzes the possible measures that States and European Union could introduce in order to combat the phenomenon of political disinformation able to influence the voters and condition the electoral competitions.Finally,the paper focuses on the effectiveness of these measures and their limits.展开更多
Cyberterrorism poses a significant threat to the national security of the United States of America (USA), with critical infrastructure, such as commercial facilities, dams, emergency services, food and agriculture, he...Cyberterrorism poses a significant threat to the national security of the United States of America (USA), with critical infrastructure, such as commercial facilities, dams, emergency services, food and agriculture, healthcare and public health, and transportation systems virtually at risk. Consequently, this is due primarily to the country’s heavy dependence on computer networks. With both domestic and international terrorists increasingly targeting any vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks, information sharing among security agencies has become critical. Cyberterrorism can be regarded as the purest form of information warfare. This literature review examines cyberterrorism and strategic communications, focusing on domestic cyberterrorism. Notable themes include the meaning of cyberterrorism, how cyberterrorism differs from cybercrime, and the threat posed by cyberterrorism to the USA. Prevention and deterrence of cyberterrorism through information sharing and legislation are also key themes. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified, and questions warranting additional research are outlined.展开更多
Background: Informed consent forms and clinical study participation explanations contain many specialized words including medical terms that are difficult to understand. The difficulty is particularly obvious for chil...Background: Informed consent forms and clinical study participation explanations contain many specialized words including medical terms that are difficult to understand. The difficulty is particularly obvious for children with developmental disorders who show attention or similar problems. This study quantitatively evaluated the decision-making ability of these children using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) as a preliminary study for a multi-faceted investigation that would also use physiological indices. Methods: Participants were 11 children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). The WISC-III was used for quantitative evaluation of their decision-making ability. Results of intelligence quotients (IQs), group indices, and subtest scores were analyzed. Results: The mean Performance IQ was four points lower than the mean Verbal IQ. The mean score for the Processing Speed index was lower by more than one standard deviation (SD). The mean scores for the Coding and Object Assembly subtests were lower by more than two SDs. Conclusion: The WISC-III results for IQ and group indices suggested the efficacy of auditory explanations. In addition, the subtest results suggested the necessity to pay sufficient attention to risk-benefit weighting in explanations. These findings suggested that the decision-making ability of children with AD/HD could be assessed using the WISC-III.展开更多
文摘Protection of personal information is a significant issue in the construction of legal systems in various countries in the information age.Introducing a balanced approach for protecting personal information is an important goal of basic human rights protection and data legislation.Personal information protection involves comprehensive considerations among various values,and the balanced structure between personal information rights and other rights systems has become the key to legislation on personal information protection.The“news exception”is a prominent example representing the balanced structure of personal information protection.As a societal instrument,news not only pursues commercial value but also advocates freedom of expression and public value.There exists a natural tension between news and personal information protection.The“news exception”of the balanced structure has become a fundamental requirement and important connotation for constructing a system for protecting personal information.The balanced structure of the“news exception”requires a reasonable definition of the concept and purpose of news,and both the self-discipline within the news industry and the judicial intervention are necessary factors.China has preliminarily completed the top-level legislative design of personal information protection through laws such as the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.However,the balanced mechanism of the“news exception”has not yet been fully established in China.A“news exception”based on the ideas of balance and the improvement of the institutional system is the fundamental principle for the development of China’s personal information protection system.
文摘This paper compares the differences of information presentation in the straight news reports about international air disasters in ChD （China Daily） and NYT （The New York Times）. The type of straight news report is regarded as the most objective news report in the journalistic field. The purpose of this research is to find out the different journalistic cultures or orientations between Chinese and American newspapers when they report the same world event. This paper finds that ChD prefers to provide more information for the consequences of the event and reactions to it usually by making general and static statements. NYT attaches more importance to background introduction and is more liable to use detailed and dynamic description
文摘The Warsaw Pact Summit ended a two-day meeting in Warsaw on July 16 with joint declarations offering new East-West disarmament. Iran announced on July 18 that it had unconditionally accepted the UN Security Council Resolution 598. which called for an immediate ceasefire in the Gulf war, Much of the world welcomed Iran’s announcement. Six
文摘Dissemination of information medium are no longer limited to newspapers, television and radio but is extending to the online news. The number of online news readers is rapidly increasing along with the popularity of the Internet. However, only sources that emphasizes the element of credibility will be accepted by the readers. This study was conducted to determine the credibility of online news; to identify the relationship between online news credibility and youth acceptance. Using a quantitative approach, a total of 400 youth selected to participate in the study out of the 68,000 population in Selangor. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science （SPSS） version 21.0. This study shows that a group of young women were the common group who seek and read online information. Based on the findings too, online news in Malaysia are less credible. Although the online news is less credible, the results shows that youth read online news because the contents are current and up to date. Further, result of the Pearson＇s correlation test shows that the more credible elements available in online news, the more that medium is accepted by youth.
文摘The essay aims at analyzing the relationship between the changes of political information,disseminated through the net,and the dangers to democracy.In particular,three topics will be addressed:the change of ways of making political information on the net;the new characteristics of political information disseminated on the net and the risk for democracy;the need to combat political disinformation on the net through adequate regulation.In this regard,the paper analyzes the measures adopted in some European countries,such as France,Germany,and Spain,aimed at countering disinformation online and fake news,especially in the field of political information,and the action started by the European Union for this purpose.The measures adopted by some European countries are aimed at:repressing the disinformation and fake news;providing transparency obligations for providers;promoting media literacy programs.Instead,the European Union preferred to resort to self-regulation by providers.In fact,although the European Union can adopt a regulation containing specific obligations for providers,for the moment it has provided for the adoption of a Code of good practice to combat disinformation which is not binding on them.In this regard,the paper analyzes the possible measures that States and European Union could introduce in order to combat the phenomenon of political disinformation able to influence the voters and condition the electoral competitions.Finally,the paper focuses on the effectiveness of these measures and their limits.
文摘Cyberterrorism poses a significant threat to the national security of the United States of America (USA), with critical infrastructure, such as commercial facilities, dams, emergency services, food and agriculture, healthcare and public health, and transportation systems virtually at risk. Consequently, this is due primarily to the country’s heavy dependence on computer networks. With both domestic and international terrorists increasingly targeting any vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks, information sharing among security agencies has become critical. Cyberterrorism can be regarded as the purest form of information warfare. This literature review examines cyberterrorism and strategic communications, focusing on domestic cyberterrorism. Notable themes include the meaning of cyberterrorism, how cyberterrorism differs from cybercrime, and the threat posed by cyberterrorism to the USA. Prevention and deterrence of cyberterrorism through information sharing and legislation are also key themes. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified, and questions warranting additional research are outlined.
文摘Background: Informed consent forms and clinical study participation explanations contain many specialized words including medical terms that are difficult to understand. The difficulty is particularly obvious for children with developmental disorders who show attention or similar problems. This study quantitatively evaluated the decision-making ability of these children using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) as a preliminary study for a multi-faceted investigation that would also use physiological indices. Methods: Participants were 11 children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). The WISC-III was used for quantitative evaluation of their decision-making ability. Results of intelligence quotients (IQs), group indices, and subtest scores were analyzed. Results: The mean Performance IQ was four points lower than the mean Verbal IQ. The mean score for the Processing Speed index was lower by more than one standard deviation (SD). The mean scores for the Coding and Object Assembly subtests were lower by more than two SDs. Conclusion: The WISC-III results for IQ and group indices suggested the efficacy of auditory explanations. In addition, the subtest results suggested the necessity to pay sufficient attention to risk-benefit weighting in explanations. These findings suggested that the decision-making ability of children with AD/HD could be assessed using the WISC-III.
