A single micro-LED manipulation system based on micro-gripper

Micro-LEDs(μLEDs)have advantages in terms of brightness,power consumption,and response speed.In addition,they can also be used as micro-sensors implanted in the body via flexible electronic skin.One of the key techniques involved in the fabrication ofμLED-based devices is transfer printing.Although numerous methods have been proposed for transfer printing,improving the yield ofμLED arrays is still a formidable task.In this paper,we propose a novel method for improving the yield ofμLED arrays transferred by the stamping method,using an innovative design of piezoelectrically driven asymmetric micro-gripper.Traditional grippers are too large to manipulateμLEDs,and therefore two micro-sized cantilevers are added at the gripper tips.AμLED manipulation system is constructed based on the micro-gripper together with a three-dimensional positioning system.Experimental results using this system show that it can be used successfully to manipulateμLED arrays.

Pre‑hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens

Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction performance.Several dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in broilers.Developing novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically needed.This study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed broilers.Results Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 d.After candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till hatch.After hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM groups.RH was constant(50%±5%)throughout the trial.All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±SEM.Heat stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other groups.Embryonic TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS birds.The cecal microbial analysis showed significant enrichment(P<0.05)in alpha and beta diversity and Coprococcus in the TMHSS group.Conclusions Pre-hatch TM and post-hatch baicalein supplementation in heat-stressed birds mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on chickens’growth performance,upregulate favorable gene expression,increase VFA produc-tion,and promote gut health by increasing beneficial microbial communities.

A 1-bit electronically reconfigurable beam steerable metasurface reflectarray with multiple polarization manipulations

A 1-bit electronically controlled metasurface reflectarray is presented to achieve beam steering with multiple polarization manipulations. A metsurface unit cell loaded by two PIN diodes is designed. By switching the two PIN diodes between ON and OFF states, the isotropic and anisotropic reflections can be flexibly achieved. For either the isotropic reflection or the anisotropic reflection, the two operation states achieve the reflection coefficients with approximately equal magnitude and 180°out of phase, thus giving rise to the isotropic/anisotropic 1-bit metasurface unit cells. With the 1-bit unit cells, a 12-by-12 metasurface reflectarray is optimally designed and fabricated. Under either y-or x-polarized incident wave illumination, the reflectarray can achieve the co-polarized and cross-polarized beam scanning, respectively, with the peak gains of 20.08 d Bi and 17.26 d Bi within the scan range of about ±50°. With the right-handed circular polarization(RHCP) excitation, the left-handed circular polarization(LHCP) radiation with the peak gain of 16.98 d Bic can be achieved within the scan range of ±50°. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results are observed for 2D beam steering and polarization manipulation capabilities.

A Novel Disturbance Observer Based Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control for Robotic Manipulators With Global Fast Convergence

This paper proposes a new global fixed-time sliding mode control strategy for the trajectory tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulators.First,a fixed-time disturbance observer(FTDO) is designed to deal with the adverse effects of model uncertainties and external disturbances in the manipulator systems.Then an adaptive scheme is used and the adaptive FTDO(AFTDO) is developed,so that the priori knowledge of the lumped disturbance is not required.Further,a new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode(NFTSM) surface is designed by using an arctan function,which helps to overcome the singularity problem and enhance the robustness of the system.Based on the estimation of the lumped disturbance by the AFTDO,a fixed-time non-singular fast terminal sliding mode controller(FTNFTSMC)is developed to guarantee the trajectory tracking errors converge to zero within a fixed time.The settling time is independent of the initial state of the system.In addition,the stability of the AFTDO and FTNFTSMC is strictly proved by using Lyapunov method.Finally,the fixed-time NFESM(FTNFTSM) algorithm is validated on a 2-link manipulator and comparisons with other existing sliding mode controllers(SMCs) are performed.The comparative results confirm that the FTNFTSMC has superior control performance.

Triboelectric‘electrostatic tweezers'for manipulating droplets on lubricated slippery surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser processing

The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers(TETs).The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface.The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet,which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force.Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion.TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions,including anti-gravity climb,suspended droplets,corrosive liquids,low-surface-tension liquids(e.g.ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m^(-1)),different droplet volumes(from 100 nl to 0.5 ml),passing through narrow slits,sliding over damaged areas,on various solid substrates,and even droplets in an enclosed system.Various droplet-related applications,such as motion guidance,motion switching,droplet-based microreactions,surface cleaning,surface defogging,liquid sorting,and cell labeling,can be easily achieved with TETs.

Manipulator tracking technology based on FSRUKF

Aiming at the shortcoming that the traditional industrial manipulator using off-line programming cannot change along with the change of external environment,the key technologies such as machine vision and manipulator control are studied,and a complete manipulator vision tracking system is designed.Firstly,Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)parameters method is used to construct the model of the manipulator and analyze the forward and inverse kinematics equations of the manipulator.At the same time,a binocular camera is used to obtain the threedimensional position of the target.Secondly,in order to make the manipulator track the target more accurately,the fuzzy adaptive square root unscented Kalman filter(FSRUKF)is proposed to estimate the target state.Finally,the manipulator tracking system is built by using the position-based visual servo.The simulation experiments show that FSRUKF converges faster and with less error than the square root unscented Kalman filter(SRUKF),which meets the application requirements of the manipulator tracking system,and basically meets the application requirements of the manipulator tracking system in the practical experiments.

Lactation breast abscess treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation manipulation:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitalization.Breast abscesses may also lead the mother to discontinue breastfeeding,thereby harming the infant’s health.The predominant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus.The incidence of breastfeeding abscesses in breastfeeding women ranges between 4.0%and 11.0%.In cases of breast abscess,the rate of cessation of lactation is 41.0%.In instances of breast fistula,the rate of cessation of lactation is very high(66.7%).Furthermore,50.0%of women with breast abscesses must be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.Treatment includes antibiotics,abscess puncture and surgical incision and drainage.The patients suffer from stress,pain and easily induced breast scarring;the disease’s progression is prolonged and recurrent,interfering with infant feeding.Consequently,it is crucial to discover an adequate cure.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman with a breast abscess was treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless breast opening manipulation 24 d after cesarean delivery.On the 2nd d of treatment,the patient’s breast mass was significantly reduced,the pain was significantly reduced,and the general asthenia was improved.All conscious symptoms disappeared after 3 d,breast abscesses faded after 12 d of treatment,inflammation images disappeared after 27 d,and normal lactation images were restored.CONCLUSION In treating breast abscesses during breastfeeding,the combination of Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation provides a positive therapeutic impact.This disease’s treatment offers the advantages of a short course of treatment,no need to discontinue breastfeeding and the ability to rapidly mitigate symptoms,which can be used as a reference in clinical practice.

Neural Dynamics for Cooperative Motion Control of Omnidirectional Mobile Manipulators in the Presence of Noises: A Distributed Approach

This paper presents a distributed scheme with limited communications, aiming to achieve cooperative motion control for multiple omnidirectional mobile manipulators(MOMMs).The proposed scheme extends the existing single-agent motion control to cater to scenarios involving the cooperative operation of MOMMs. Specifically, squeeze-free cooperative load transportation is achieved for the end-effectors of MOMMs by incorporating cooperative repetitive motion planning(CRMP), while guiding each individual to desired poses. Then, the distributed scheme is formulated as a time-varying quadratic programming(QP) and solved online utilizing a noise-tolerant zeroing neural network(NTZNN). Theoretical analysis shows that the NTZNN model converges globally to the optimal solution of QP in the presence of noise. Finally, the effectiveness of the control design is demonstrated by numerical simulations and physical platform experiments.

Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation

Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.

The road toward Cd-safe rice:From mass selection to marker-assisted selection and genetic manipulation

Rice is an important dietary source of the toxic mineral cadmium(Cd) for populations in which rice is the main staple food.When grown in agricultural soils that are contaminated with Cd,rice often accumulates excessive Cd into the grains,which is a serious threat to agricultural sustainability and human health.To limit Cd accumulation in rice grains,studies on the genetic basis of Cd accumulation in rice have been carried out extensively,and some low-Cd rice varieties have also been developed in recent years.However,the challenges in low-Cd rice breeding still exist because the outcomes of the current genetic improvements for low-Cd rice cannot fully meet the requirements for the development of Cd-safe rice at present.In this review,we outline the progress in understanding the physiological mechanisms and the genetic nature of Cd accumulation in rice and summarize the strategies and outcomes of low-Cd rice breeding over the past decade.By graphing the physiological mechanism of Cd transport in the rice plant,three key steps and some underlying genes are summarized and discussed.Also,two genetic features of the natural variation in rice grain-Cd accumulation,the phenotypic plasticity and subspecies divergence,and the potential genetic explanations for these features are also discussed.Finally,we summarize and discuss current progress and the potential issues in low-Cd rice breeding using different breeding strategies.We hope to propose strategies for future success in the breeding of low-Cd rice varieties over the next decade.

Giant 2D Skyrmion Topological Hall Effect with Ultrawide Temperature Window and Low-Current Manipulation in 2D Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Crystals

The discovery and manipulation of topological Hall effect(THE),an abnormal magnetoelectric response mostly related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI),are promising for next-generation spintronic devices based on topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions.However,most skyrmions and THE are stabilized in a narrow temperature window either below or over room temperature with high critical current manipulation.It is still elusive and challenging to achieve large THE with both wide temperature window till room temperature and low critical current manipulation.Here,using controllable,naturally oxidized sub-20 and sub-10 nm 2D van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnetic Fe_(3)GaTe_(2-x)crystals,we report robust 2D skyrmion THE with ultrawide temperature window ranging in three orders of magnitude from 2 to 300 K,in combination with giant THE of~5.4μΩ·cm at 10 K and~0.15μΩ·cm at 300 K,which is 1–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of all known room-temperature 2D skyrmion systems.Moreover,room-temperature current-controlled THE is also realized with a low critical current density of~6.2×10^(5)A·cm^(-2).First-principles calculations unveil natural oxidation-induced highly enhanced 2D interfacial DMI reasonable for robust giant THE.This work paves the way to room-temperature electrically controlled 2D THE-based practical spintronic devices.

Theoretical investigation of F-P cavity mode manipulation by single gold nanoparticles

The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via incorporation of single gold nanoparticles.The influences of resonant wavelength,quality factor and emission directions are successively investigated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.It is found that blueshift of resonant wavelength could be achieved together with either promoted or degraded quality factor of the microlaser via single Au NPs with varied sizes.Unidirectional emission could also be realized which is favorable for on-chip integration.Our results provide useful reference for feasible manipulation of light-matter interactions and mode selection.

Helical particle manipulation based on power-exponent-phase acoustic vortices generated by a sector transducer array

The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.

Transverse manipulation of particles using Bessel beam of tunable size generated by cross-phase modulation

We report on a method to achieve multiple microscopic particles being trapped and manipulated transversely by using a size-tunable Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation(XPM)based on the thermal nonlinear optical effect.The results demonstrate that multiple polystyrene particles can be stably trapped simultaneously,and the number of the trapped particles can be controlled by varying the trapping beam power.In addition,the trapped particles can be manipulated laterally with micron-level precision by changing the size of J_(0)Bessel beam.This work provides a simple but efficient way to trap and manipulate multiple particles simultaneously,which would have potential applications in many fields such as cell sorting and transportation.

A Survey on Stock Market Manipulation Detectors Using Artificial Intelligence

A well-managed financial market of stocks,commodities,derivatives,and bonds is crucial to a country’s economic growth.It provides confidence to investors,which encourages the inflow of cash to ensure good market liquidity.However,there will always be a group of traders that aims to manipulate market pricing to negatively influence stock values in their favor.These illegal trading activities are surely prohibited according to the rules and regulations of every country’s stockmarket.It is the role of regulators to detect and prevent any manipulation cases in order to provide a trading platform that is fair and efficient.However,the complexity of manipulation cases has increased significantly,coupled with high trading volumes,which makes the manual observations of such cases by human operators no longer feasible.As a result,many intelligent systems have been developed by researchers all over the world to automatically detect various types of manipulation cases.Therefore,this review paper aims to comprehensively discuss the state-of-theart methods that have been developed to detect and recognize stock market manipulation cases.It also provides a concise definition of manipulation taxonomy,including manipulation types and categories,as well as some of the output of early experimental research.In summary,this paper provides a thorough review of the automated methods for detecting stock market manipulation cases.

Adaptive Consistent Management to Prevent System Collapse on Shared Object Manipulation in Mixed Reality

A concurrency control mechanism for collaborative work is akey element in a mixed reality environment. However, conventional lockingmechanisms restrict potential tasks or the support of non-owners, thusincreasing the working time because of waiting to avoid conflicts. Herein, wepropose an adaptive concurrency control approach that can reduce conflictsand work time. We classify shared object manipulation in mixed reality intodetailed goals and tasks. Then, we model the relationships among goal,task, and ownership. As the collaborative work progresses, the proposedsystem adapts the different concurrency control mechanisms of shared objectmanipulation according to the modeling of goal–task–ownership. With theproposed concurrency control scheme, users can hold shared objects andmove and rotate together in a mixed reality environment similar to realindustrial sites. Additionally, this system provides MS Hololens and Myosensors to recognize inputs from a user and provides results in a mixed realityenvironment. The proposed method is applied to install an air conditioneras a case study. Experimental results and user studies show that, comparedwith the conventional approach, the proposed method reduced the number ofconflicts, waiting time, and total working time.

Photo-responsive droplet manipulation slippery lubricant-infused porous surface with ultra-high durability

Photo-responsive slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(SLIPS) for droplet manipulation is flexible, noncontact and non-destructive in droplet manipulation, which has promising applications in flexible robotics, microfluidics,biomedicine, and chemical analysis. However, the repeated manipulations for droplets of SLIPSs are quite limited in the works reported so far, the poor durability of droplet manipulation severely limits the practical application of the surfaces. In this paper, an Fe3O4-doped polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based SLIPS is proposed and implemented to achieve ultra-high repeated droplet manipulation numbers under near-infrared ray(NIR) laser irradiation. Firstly, a micron columnar array structure with micro-pits on the top side, as well as, a wall structure out of the array is designed on SLIPS to reserve the lubricant. Secondly, the prototype of the SLIPS is fabricated by a 3-step ultraviolet(UV) lithography, and subsequently immersed in silicone oil for more than 96 h to obtain the ultra-high durability slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(UD-SLIPS). With a power of 25 m W–85 m W NIR laser, the repeated manipulation of microdroplets(≤ 5 μL) in the scale of 1 cm can exceed more than 3000 times which is far beyond that in previous reports. Finally, the droplet manipulation performance of this photo-responsive UD-SLIPS and the influence of infusion time on durability are investigated. The mechanism of the PDMS swelling effect is found to be the key factor in improving the droplet manipulation durability of SLIPS. The findings of this work would be of great significance for the development of highly durable photo-responsive functional surfaces for droplet manipulation.

Implementation of natural hand gestures in holograms for 3D object manipulation

Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with virtual objects. Gesture interaction is a recent research topic, as it allows users to use their bare hands to directly interact with the hologram. However, it remains unclear whether real hand gestures are well suited for hologram applications. Therefore, we discuss the development process and implementation of three-dimensional object manipulation using natural hand gestures in a hologram. We describe the design and development process for hologram applications and its integration with real hand gesture interactions as initial findings. Experimental results from Nasa TLX form are discussed. Based on the findings, we actualize the user interactions in the hologram.

Arthroscopic findings after manipulation under anesthesia in idiopathic capsulitis of the shoulder:A prospective study

BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is a paucity of studies describing the arthroscopic findings after MUA.AIM To describe the arthroscopic findings in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after MUA.METHODS We recruited 28 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who underwent arthroscopic capsular release.Manipulation of the shoulder was performed under anesthesia in all of these patients before capsular release.Intra-articular findings were recorded during arthroscopic capsular release in these patients.RESULTS All patients showed the presence of synovitis.Twenty-seven patients showed tears in the capsule on the anterior aspect.One patient had an avulsion of the anterior rim of the glenoid and labrum following the manipulation.Four patients had partial rotator cuff tears,and one patient showed a superior labrum anterior posterior lesion,which was not diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging.CONCLUSION MUA leads to rupture of the capsule,which is the desired outcome.However,the site of rupture of the capsule is dependent on the maneuvers of MUA.In addition,partial tears of the rotator cuff and osteochondral fractures of the glenoid can also occur.

Surface manipulation of a triple-conducting cathode for protonic ceramic fuel cells to enhance oxygen reduction activity and CO_(2) tolerance

One of the main obstacles limiting the performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs) is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at reduced temperatures.Here,the surface manipulation of a triple-conducting cathode BaCe_(0.5)Pr_(0.3)Y_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCPY) by an efficient catalyst coating PrNi_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_(3-δ)(PNC) to enhance the ORR activity and CO_(2) tolerance is reported.The developed PNC-coated BCPY cathode achieves the polarization resistance of 0.25 and 1.00 Ω cm^(2) at 600 and 500 ℃,respectively,approximately 1/5 of that for the pristine BCPY cathode(0.99 and 4.79 Ω cm^(2)),while maintaining an excellent CO_(2) tolerance.The single cell on a BaZr_(0.8)Yb_(0.2)O_(3-δ) electrolyte also exhibits a high peak power density of 0.79 W cm^(-2)at 700 ℃ and a stable operation for 200 h at 600 ℃.Such high ORR activity is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of BCPY support and PNC nanoparticles.Namely,BCPY provides a tripleconducting path(mainly protons),and PNC nanoparticles facilitates surface oxygen exchange and steam adsorption/desorption processes due to the enriched surface oxygen vacancies.This study will provide a new design strategy for developing high-performance PCFCs cathode.