Molecular Cloning and Expression of RSSG58 Gene in Rice Sperm Cells

Myosins, a large family of structurally diverse mechanoenzymes, which, upon interaction with actin filaments, convert energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical force, play an important role in male reproductive processes. In this study we report the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) RSSG58 gene, which was cloned from the cDNA library of rice sperm cells by using sperm cell mainly expression subtractive clone as probe. This gene encodes a putative 66.7 W polypeptide, which shows similarity to the myosin heavy chain of Arabidopsis thaliana, and consists of 579 amino acids with an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.885. RSSG58, which is a member of a divergent gene family, generates transcripts of 2 278 bp and 2 437 bp that differ only in their polyadenylation sites. Southern hybridization showed that RSSG58 has only one copy in rice genome and RSSG58 transcripts are most abundant in sperm cells, with two distinct signals. The RT-PCR analysis indicated that the transcriptions of the RSSG58 gene were various in the different development stages and tissues. The greatest accumulation of RSSG58 mRNA was detected in sperm cells, while weaker expression was detected in leaves, microspore mother cells, unicellular microspore pollen stage, two-cell stage pollens, mature pollens and pollinated ovaries. These results suggest that RSSG58 is especially abundantly expressed in rice sperm cells.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Crustin-like gene from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A new member of antimicrobial protein genes of the Crustin family was cloned from haemocytes of the Chinese shrimp Fennero- penaeus chinensis by 3 ′and 5′ RACE. The full-length cDNA of Crustin-like gene contains a 390 bp open reading frame, encoding 130 amino acids. The deduced peptide contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids and mature peptide of 113 amino acids. The molecular mass of the deduced mature peptide is 12. 3 ku. It is highly cationic with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. The deduced amino acids sequence of this Crustin showed high homology with those of Penaeus （ Litopenaeus ） setferus. Northern blotting showed that the cloned Crustin gene was mainly expressed in haemocytes, gill, intestine, and RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the Crustin gene was constitutively expressed exclusively in haemocytes of these tissues. Capillary elec- trophoresis RT-PCR analysis showed that Crustin was up-regulated dramatically from 12 to 48 h after a brief decrease of mRNA during first 6 h in response to microbe infection. The level of Crustin mRNA began to restore at 72 h post-challenge. This indicated that Crustin gene might play an important role when shrimps are infected by bacterial pathogen.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Novel Genes Related to Fatty Acid Degradation and Their Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Fatty acid metabolism is responsible not only for oilseed metabolism but also for plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, three novel genes related to fatty acid degradation designated GhACX, Gh4CL, and GhMFP, respectively, were isolated from Gossypium hirsutum acc. TM-1. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that amino acid sequences of GhACXand GhMFP have the highest homology with those from Vitis vinifera, and Gh4CL has a closer genetic relationship with that from Camellia sinensis. Tissue- and organ-specific analysis showed that the three genes expressed widely in all the tested tissues, including ovules and fiber at different developing stages, with expressed preferentially in some organs. Among them, GhACX showed the most abundant transcripts in seeds at 25 d post anthesis （DPA）, however, GhMFP and Gh4CL have the strongest expression level in ovules on the day of anthesis. Based on real-time quantitative RT-PCR, the three genes were differentially regulated when induced under wounding, methyl jasmonate （MeJA）, cold, and abscisic acid （ABA） treatments. The characterization and expression pattern of three novel fatty acid degradation related genes will aid both to understand the roles of fatty acid degradation related genes as precursor in stress stimuli and to elucidate the physiological function in cotton oilseed metabolism.

Molecular Cloning and Characteristics Analysis of ghrelin Gene in Asian Swamp Eel(Monopterus albus)

Ghrelin is an important signaling molecule linking reproductive and energy metabolism. In this study, ghrelin gene of Monopterus albus was cloned. Its structure and function were analysized preliminarily. By Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE) technique, full-length cDNA and DNA sequences of ghrelin gene were obtained. The full-length ghrelin cDNA(GenBank accession no. JX122807) was 552 bp long, containing a 115 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 324 bp open reading frame and a 113 bp 3'-untranslated region. The full-length ghrelin DNA was 1 323 bp, consisting of three introns and four exons. The exon/intron junction sequences conformed to the GT/AG rule. Three introns were 594, 84 and 93 bp in length, respectively; four exons were229, 78, 112 and 133 bp in length, respectively. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that the deduced propreghrelin sequence of M. albus contained a signal peptide(SP) consisting of 22 amino acid residues, a mature peptide(MP)consisting of 19 amino acid residues and a C-terminal amino acid residue. Among them, the third amino acid of MP was serine(Ser^3) as the site for N-acylation and N-deacetylation reactions; the C-terminal amino acid residue sequence might contain a peptide hormone obestatin, which is a physiological antagonist of mature Ghrelin peptide. The homology and phylogenic relationships analyses of amino acid sequences suggested that propreghrelin of M. albus had high similarity to those of several Perciformes fishes; the propreghrelins of M. albus, Perciformes and Heterosomata fishes were clustered into a subgroup. The high conservatism of the gene structure and the amino acid sequences indicated that Ghrelin exerts important physiological functions and plays similar physiological mechanisms in vertebrates.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Actin-depolymerizing Factor Gene in Gossypium barbadense

Sea Island cotton(Gossypium barbadense L.) has been highly valued in Verticillium wilt resistance and many fiber qualities including fiber length,strength,and fineness.To identify whether

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Genes Involved in Cotton(Gossypium barbadense L.) Response to Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium dahliae Kleb.is a necrotrophic plant pathogen which causes serious soil borne vascular disease in cotton.The molecular basis the defense response of cotton to this pathogen is

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Cys2/His2 Type Zinc Finger Protein Gene in Upland Cotton

The zinc finger proteins belong to the largest family of transcription factors.But there is little research of Cys2/His2 type zinc finger proteins in cotton,and there is no submission of correlating

Molecular cloning and functional analyses of low-temperature induced genes from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Studies on the cold-responsive genes and cold signaling of woody species drop far behind in comparison to herbaceous plants.Due to similar lignified structure,perennial characteristic,and enhanced tolerance,it seems much easier to find strongly antifreeze genes and obtain effective results in transgenic woody plants.In this study,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,an evergreen,broadleaf and cold-resist leguminous shrub growing in the desert of Inner Mongolia,was used as a material for low-temperature induced gene isolation.Through differential expression analysis induced by low-temperature,thirteen up-regulated cDNAs were identified.One of them,AmEBP1,(accession number:DQ519359)confers enhanced cold-tolerance to both transgenic E.coli and transgenic Arabidopsis.Results suggest that AmEBP1 can stimulate the synthesis of ribosome and the dephosphyration of the α-subunit of initiation factor 2(eIF2α),and subsequently promote the translation process.By which the transgenic plants obtained increased cold-resistant ability.

Molecular Cloning of IGFBP-1 Gene and Developmental Expression of Its mRNA in Different Tissues of Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles

The objective of the present study was to investigate the developmental expression patterns of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) gene in different tissues of postnatal Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles. Samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, m. triceps brachii and biceps muscle of thigh were collected from a total of 36 Nanjiang Mongolian Gazelles at the age of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after birth (3 males and 3 females at each age). The CDS was sequenced and ontogeny of mRNA levels of IGFBP-1 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The size of IGFBP-1 ORF was 792 bp encoding 263 amino acid residues, and displayed higher nucleotide/amino acid sequence identities with other ruminants compared to non-ruminants. The levels of IGFBP-1 mRNA in liver were highest (P<0.01), levels were medium in lung, spleen and heart, and the lowest in the muscles; there were no significant differences among the muscles (P>0.05). Three expression patterns of IGFBP-1 mRNA during postnatal growth from birth to day 60 were found: consistently decreasing (liver), fluctuating as increasing then decreasing (heart) or as decreasing then increasing then decreasing (spleen, lung and muscles). The results indicate that the IGFBP-1 gene is highly conserved among species, and liver has the highest expression. It was concluded that IGFBP-1 plays important roles in early postnatal growth and is expressed in a developmental-tissue-dependent manner.

Cloning of differentially expressed genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma and nontumor liver

INTRODUCTIONThe mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still unclear,although some genes have been found to play a role in the transformation of liver cells,and a variety of studies have described differences in gene expression which distinguished tumor from nontumor[1-6].The new genes,especially the functional genes directly related with tumor are still worth being found.The purpose of our study is to find the different genes between human liver tumor and normal tissues using suppression subtractive hybridization.

Cloning of catalase gene and antioxidant genes in Scophthalmus maximus response to metalloprotease of Vibrio anguillarum stress

Metalloproteases represent a class of extracellular proteases found in Vibrio anguillarum that can generate toxic and pathogenic eff ects in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus).The toxicological eff ect partly results from oxidative damage due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS).Catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)are major antioxidant enzymes induced by various oxidative stresses and can scavenge peroxides generated in cells.To evaluate the eff ects of metalloprotease-induced ROS on the antioxidation defense mechanism of S.maximus head kidney cells,the cDNA of CAT gene(designated as SmCAT)was cloned and characterized.SmCAT comprises a 1584-bp coding sequence that encodes a protein containing 527 amino acids with a poly(A)tail.Bioinformatics analysis revealed an active site signature sequence,a heme-ligand signature sequence,and three catalytic amino acid residues.The deduced SmCAT amino acid sequence shares a sequence similarity of 66.1%-92.4%with those of other species.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SmCAT is classifi ed with CAT of other fi shes.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that SmCAT was extensively expressed in all tested tissues,especially in blood.The expression of SmCAT,SmMnSOD,and SmGPx were inhibited signifi cantly in head kidney cells treated with metalloprotease from 12 to 24 h.In 6 to 24 h metalloprotease-treated groups compared to that of the untreated group,it was found that the production of ROS was markedly increased,and the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased considerably.Hoechst 33342 staining revealed the presence of apoptotic bodies when the cells were incubated with 8.0 or 40.0μg/mL metalloprotease for 12 and 24 h.Hence,the toxic eff ects of metalloprotease are associated with the down-regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression and increased ROS levels,which trigger the activation of apoptosis in the head kidney cells of turbot.Our fi ndings provide a better understanding on the mechanism of metalloprotease-induced apoptosis in fi sh.

Fine Mapping and Cloning of Leafy Head Mutant Gene pla1-5 in Rice

We identified a leafy head mutant plal-5 （plastochron 1-5） from the progeny of japonica rice cultivar Taipei 309 treated with 60Co-γ ray irradiation. The plal-5 mutant has a dwarf phenotype and small leaves. Compared with its wild type, plal-5 has more leaves and fewer tillers, and it fails to produce normal panicles at the maturity stage. Genetic analysis showed that the plal-5 phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using the map-based cloning strategy, we narrowed down the location of the target gene to a 58-kb region between simple sequence repeat markers CHR1027 and CHR1030 on the long arm of chromosome 10. The target gene cosegregated with molecular markers CHR1028 and CHR1029. There were five predicted genes in the mapped region. The results from sequencing analysis revealed that there was one base deletion in the first exon of LOC_Os10g26340 encoding cytochrome P450 CYP78A11 in the plal-5 mutant, which might result in a downstream frame shift and premature termination. These results suggest that the P450 CYP78A11 gene is the candidate gene of PLA1-5.

Cloning of Human Uroplakin Ⅱ Gene from Chinese Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder and Construction of Its Eukaryotic Expression Vector

Summary: To clone Uroplakin Ⅱ gene from Chinese transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder and construct its eukaryotic expression vector, the molecular cloning method was used to extract total RNA from a GⅢ/ T 3N 0M 0 tissue sample of the bladder TCC patients. The primers were designed by Primer 5.0 software. Full length cDNA of Uroplakin Ⅱ gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), assayed by nucleic acid sequencing and then inserted between XbaⅠ and HindⅢ restrictive sites of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0. The recombinant was assayed by restricted enzyme digestion. Under the induction of Lipofectamine 2000, the recombinant was transfected into Uroplakin Ⅱ negative bladder cancer cell line EJ. Cellular expression levels of Uroplakin Ⅱ were detected by RT-PCR. The nucleic acid sequencing results indicated that Chinese Uroplakin Ⅱ cDNA (555 bp) was successfully cloned. The BLAST analysis demonstrated that the cloned sequence is 100 % homologous with sequences reported overseas. The GenBank accession number AY455312 was also registered. The results of restricted enzyme digestion indicated that eukaryotic vector pcDNA-UPⅡ for Uroplakin Ⅱ was successfully constructed. After being transferred with pcDNA-UPⅡ for 72 h, cellular Uroplakin Ⅱ mRNA levels were significantly improved (P<0.01). It is concluded that human Uroplakin Ⅱ gene was successfully cloned from Chinese TCC tissues, which provided a basis for further exploration of the roles of Uroplakin Ⅱ gene in TCC biological behaviors and potential strategies for targeted biological therapy of TCC.

水稻黄化早抽穗突变体hz1的基因鉴定及功能分析

【目的】水稻的抽穗期对水稻地域适应性及水稻产量至关重要,对水稻抽穗期基因进行鉴定及功能分析,可以为水稻育种提供优异的基因资源。【方法】通过BSA-seq方法对一个黄化早抽穗突变体hz1(huangzao1)进行基因定位克隆及连锁分析;利用RT-qPCR技术分析目的基因HZ1的表达谱,并用水稻原生质体瞬时转化查明HZ1的亚细胞定位;对突变体的抽穗期、叶绿素含量、过氧化氢含量等生理指标进行测定,详细分析其表型变化。【结果】田间表型观察发现hz1表现早抽穗,长日照(long-day,LD)及短日照(short-day,SD)条件下hz1的抽穗期相同,分别比野生型(wild type,WT)早抽穗43 d和26 d,表明hz1是一个光周期不敏感的突变体。同时hz1表现黄化表型,相比WT,叶绿素含量下降。遗传分析表明hz1由隐性单基因控制,F2混池高通量测序将目的基因定位于水稻第6染色体上17.8 Mb区间内,分析发现该区间内一个T-DNA插入位点LOC_Os06g40080与hz1目标性状完全连锁,LOC_Os06g40080为已知的SE5基因,编码血红素加氧酶1(heme oxygenase 1,HO1)。HZ1/SE5在叶片中高表达,在LD及SD条件下具有昼夜节律性表达。亚细胞定位发现HZ1/SE5蛋白定位于叶绿体中。表达调控分析表明HZ1/SE5主要通过调控水稻成花素Hd3a和RFT1的表达来调控水稻的抽穗期;并通过调控叶绿素合成途径相关基因的表达水平影响水稻叶绿素水平变化。【结论】黄化早抽穗突变体hz1由于血红素加氧酶编码基因SE5突变导致其对光周期不敏感,HZ1/SE5基因通过调控水稻成花素基因及叶绿素合成途径相关基因的表达而影响水稻的抽穗期及叶片的黄化。

Research Advance on Molecular Mechanism of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Resistance in Sweet Potato

Sweet potato（Ipomoea batatas） is not only an important food crop, but also an important economic crop and energy crop. In recent years, as the develop- ment of molecular biology techniques, more and more abiotic and biotic stress-related genes were discovered in sweet potato. These genes can be divided into two categories： the regulatory genes and the functional genes, according to their different roles in stress pathways. This paper reviews the abiotic and biotic stress-related genes cloning, functional analysis and exogenous genes application in sweet potato, and makes expectation for stress resistance research of sweet potato in the future.

Fine Mapping of AST Gene in Arabidopsis

The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. To clone the AST gene by map-based cloning strategy, a series of molecular markers were designed according to the SNPs (single nucleotide polymophisms) and insertion/deletion polymophisms in the Arabidopsis database. With these molecular markers, the fine-structure mapping of the AST gene was finished, the AST locus was located in BAC clone T13M11. It was suggested that the AST candidate gene was T13M11. 8 in the T13M11 This gene was 1432 bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. The putative protein of T13M11. 8 gene was similar to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.

黄颡鱼硒蛋白基因的克隆与分析

为探讨黄颡鱼硒蛋白selenow2a、selenop2和selenot2基因之间的关系,采用3′/5′RACE PCR克隆得到3个基因的cDNA全长,分别为891、1998和1432bp,其中ORF长度分别为288、828和600bp,编码95、275和219个氨基酸。在线工具SECISerach3对3个基因的cDNA序列分析结果显示,它们都含有可以编码硒代半胱氨酸的终止密码子,以及在3′非编码区存在SECIS元件。通过氨基酸序列比对和系统发育树分析,发现sele-now2a、selenop2和selenot2基因预测得到的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)氨基酸相似性分别为82.24%、66.19%和79.45%,而与斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punetaus)的氨基酸相似性分别为94.74%、68.50%和90.95%,在发育树上则显示为树杈相接近。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测3个硒蛋白基因的mRNA在黄颡鱼心脏、肝脏、肌肉、脑、肠、脾脏、精巢和卵巢组织中的表达,结果显示其mRNA表达水平呈现组织特异性。表明3个基因拥有硒蛋白家族的特征,但在组织表达上具有特异性。

贵州白山羊肌细胞生成素基因克隆与生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆贵州白山羊肌细胞生成素(myogenin)基因并对其结构特性进行生物信息学分析,为进一步探索该基因调控山羊肌肉发育的分子机制提供重要参考依据。【方法】以贵州白山羊血液基因组DNA为模板,设计4对特异性引物,运用PCR扩增、Sanger直接测序及序列拼接方法获得贵州白山羊myogenin基因完整编码区核苷酸序列,应用BioEdit 7.0、NetPhos 3.1、Conserved Domains Search、SMART、Motif Scan等生物信息学软件分别分析该基因核苷酸与氨基酸序列的组成、编码蛋白磷酸化位点、关键结构域和功能模体等结构特性,通过DNAStar Lasergene、DNAMAN 8.0和Mega 5.0软件分别进行15个偶蹄目物种myogenin基因编码氨基酸序列相似性比对及系统进化树构建。【结果】贵州白山羊myogenin基因序列全长2424 bp(获得GenBank登录号:HZ53289),由3个外显子、2个内含子、部分5′-UTR和3′-UTR构成,长度分别为471、82、122、765、589、135和260 bp,编码区长度为675 bp,共编码224个氨基酸。贵州白山羊myogenin蛋白第1—86位氨基酸为生肌决定因子(myogenic determining factors,MyoD)家族特有碱性结构域(Basic domain),第81—139位氨基酸为螺旋-环-螺旋(helix-loop-helix,H-L-H)结构域,第160—170位氨基酸为低复杂度结构域,存在21个磷酸化位点和核定位信号蛋白等功能模体结构。氨基酸序列比对表明,6个半胱氨酸残基、1个核定位信号和1个低复杂度结构域在15个偶蹄目物种完全保守。myogenin基因编码氨基酸序列相似性与系统进化分析均显示,贵州白山羊与波尔山羊、湖羊和马可波罗盘羊的亲缘关系最近。【结论】本研究成功克隆得到贵州白山羊myogenin基因全长序列,大小为2424 bp,编码224个氨基酸,myogenin蛋白包含Basic domain和H-L-H结构域。该结果可为myogenin基因调控山羊肌肉发育的分子机制研究提供理论参考。

副溶血性弧菌不耐热溶血素的生物信息学分析与分子动力学模拟

副溶血性弧菌是一种革兰氏阴性人畜共患致病菌,可引发人类胃肠炎等食源性疾病。副溶血性弧菌具有多种毒力因子,热不稳定溶血素(thermolabile hemolysin,TLH)即是其中之一。该研究对副溶血性弧菌的tlh基因进行了克隆及测序,对tlh基因编码的TLH蛋白进行了生物信息学分析及结构和功能预测。结果表明,TLH蛋白由418个氨基酸组成,预测分子质量为47.36 kDa。在TLH蛋白中确定了几个保守的结构域和基序,包括SGNH水解酶结构域和GDSL基序;对TLH蛋白的三维结构进行了同源建模及验证,在此基础上通过分子动力学模拟分析其稳定性、与4-硝基苯基月桂酸酯(p-nitrophenylaurate,PNPL)的相互作用能力及结合底物对结构紧密度和残基灵活性的影响,揭示了催化三联体Ser153-His390-Asp393周边是一个重要的药物靶点活性口袋,具有高度保守的残基序列,并在底物结合后表现出残基灵活性差异。该研究分析了副溶血性弧菌TLH蛋白的性质和结构,可以为保障水产品的安全性、提高水产品原料安全评价水平提供理论支持。

Cloning and Expression of Rat Transforming Growth Factor β1 cDNA in Osteoblasts

Summary: Rat transforming growth factor β1 (rTGFβ1) cDNA from rat lymphocytes was cloned by RT-PCR and inserted into pcDNA3 to construct an eukaryotic expression vector, which was named pcDNA3-TGFβ1. The cloned gene was confirmed to code rat TGFβ1 by restriction enzyme analysis. pcDNA3-TGFβ1 plasmid was transfected into rat osteoblasts by using liposome-mediated gene transfer technique and the expression of TGFβ1 was detected by using irnmunohistochemical staining assay. It was found that the rat TGFβ1 expression product was obviously detectable in the transfected osteoblasts in 48 h. High expression of TGFβ1 was obtained in the rat osteoblasts in which the constructed TGFβ1 expression vector was transfected.