Acceptability of Immunization against COVID-19 by the Populations of the Kasenga State Health Area in the Uvira Health Zone, DR Congo

Introduction: COVID-19 was an emerging disease putting all public health systems in countries around the world in a state of emergency. To be able to prevent its spread and morbidity and mortality, several appropriate strategies were necessary, such as vaccination. The latter has been the subject of controversy. The objective of the present study is therefore to evaluate the factors associated with the acceptance of this vaccine within the population of the Kasenga State Health Area. A result which will shed light on future strategies to be put in place for possible new vaccines. Methodology: Is a prospective and analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a period of approximately 1 month from January 5 to February 5, 2024. A survey questionnaire in Kobotoolbox was useful for collecting data. STATA software was very important for us in analyzing the data collected. Results: Prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of the Kasenga State Health Area is 37.5% (28.4 - 45.6). The study revealed that reluctance is observed among most of the population for different reasons, including, first and foremost, the deliberate aspect of not wanting to take the vaccine (46.6%) and rumors that this antigen is dangerous and harmful (32.9%). 72.5% of respondents believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is a fabrication, unhealthy and that the disease itself never existed. The study proved that there was a statistical relationship between age (p = 0.001) and adherence to vaccination. And the refusal of respondents to recommend the vaccine to loved ones was a factor associated with non-adherence to vaccination (OR = 7.901, 95% IC [3.028 - 20.615], p = 0.000). Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 was not well accepted by the population of the study site. Raising public awareness and involving community leaders and political-administrative authorities, which has not been done well, would play an important role in the good perception of the disease, of the vaccine and therefore in its adherence.

Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Research on the Development Strategy of Panxi Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestays and Hotels Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation

This study is the first phase of research results from the student innovation project“Yunqiao Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestay”group at Chengdu Normal University.By analyzing the current state of the Sunshine Health and Wellness Tourism Area economy in the Panxi region of Sichuan,local policies,and the current state of Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels,this paper proposes the possibility of developing Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels through traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health preservation methods.It also proposes development strategies for such hotels through a market survey SWOT analysis.

Equity of Accessibility to Health Care Services and Identification of Underserved Areas

Characterizing the availability of opportunities to residents has been a long-term aim in health care geographic investigation.It is important to measure the degree of inequity in health care accessibility and to identify underserved areas, due to the uneven distribution of health care services. In this study, JavaScript was used to calculate travel time based on Amap, as this can provide a more reliable data support to measure the health care accessibility in Xi’an communities, China. Based on the overall equity, herein, an attempt was made to quantify the equity of health care accessibility, and to identify health care underserved areas inside the different communities. Results show that the accessibility to low-level health care services is high in the northern areas and low in the southern areas, while the accessibility to high-level and comprehensive health care services shows a clear core-periphery spatial structure. Moreover, the overall equity of the health care accessibility is relatively low, and the inequity of high-level health care accessibility is further aggravated.Furthermore, the quantified equity of accessibility to high-level and comprehensive health care services in the central urban areas is better;however low-level health care services are relatively inadequate. There are significant differences among health care underserved areas, in particular, for the worst equity and the lowest accessibility areas(A1) and the worse equity and the lowest accessibility areas(B1) in high-level underserved areas. Notably, the sharing of health care services and the reasonable flow of health technical personnel among different levels of health institutions can make the high-level health care services in the central urban areas have a greater trickle effect on the surrounding areas.

Investigation and Countermeasures on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle of the Disabled Elderly in a Rural Area

Objective： To investigate the level of health-promoting lifestyle in the disabled elderly in a rural area and to provide useful countermeasures for health care workers and the government to improve the elderly＇ s lifestyle behaviors. Methods： A total of 446 disabled elderly people were recruited and examined using the General Questionnaire and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results： The mean score of the health-promoting lifestyle was 109.73（ SD = 16.80）, in which 90.6 percent of the disabled elderly demonstrated unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The average score for each of the subscales includedthe following： interpersonal relations, stress management, nutrition, self-actualization, health responsibility, and sports activity. Conclusions： The health-promoting lifestyle of the disabled elderly needs to be improved; health care workers and the government should pay more attention to the countermeasures that can improve the lifestyle behaviors and promote the health of the disabled elderly.

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Seed Health Status of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) from Five Areas in China and Effect on Field Seedling Emergence

The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships between seed health and field seedling emergence were studied. Seventeen fungal genera were isolated and Fusarium was the most frequently isolated. There were significant differences both in incidence of Fusarium and in percentage of infected seeds among 18 hybrids. Research also showed that significant and consistent differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds existed between two types of sweet corn. Sugar enhanced corn is more slightly infected than super sweet corn both in fungal taxa (13 and 16, respectively) and in percentage of infected seeds (62.0 and 79.2%, respectively). There were also significant differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds among five areas. Seeds from South China were most severely infected, for there were 14 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was highly 99.1% while those from Northwest China were slightly infected, for there were 10 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was only 14.3%. Further research showed that there were significant negative correlations both between incidence of Fusarium and percentage of field seedling emergence and between percentage of infected seeds and percentage of field seedling emergence. Percentage of field seedling emergence could be estimated by regression equations built by regression analysis.

Impact of Village-based Health Education of Tobacco Control on the Current Smoking Rate in Chinese Rural Areas

The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of village-based health education of tobacco control on the male current smoking rate in rural areas. The population of this study was the males above 15 years old from 6 villages in rural areas. The villages were randomly assigned to intervention group or control group（3 villages in each group）. Self-designed smoking questionnaire was applied. The intervention group received the village-based health education of tobacco control for one year. The primary outcome measurement was the male current smoking rate. In the baseline investigation, completed surveys were returned by 814 male residents from the control group and 831 male residents from the intervention group. The male current smoking rate in the control group and the intervention group was 61.2% and 58.5%, respectively, before intervention. There was no significant difference between these two groups（P〉0.05）. After one-year intervention, the current smoking rate in the intervention group（51.2%） was significantly lower than that in the control group（62.8%）（P〈0.001）. Our study suggested that the village-based health education of tobacco control was effective in lowering the male current smoking rate in rural areas, which could be a suitable and feasible way for tobacco control in the Chinese rural areas.

Evaluation of the forest ecosystem health in Beijing area

The evaluation of ecosystem health has become one of the main research topics of ecosystem science, thus more and more assessment methods and frameworks have been put forward in recent years. However, the attention people pay to ecosystem health is actually more about what the social functions the ecosystem affords, which depend on the integrity and maintenance of the ecosystem structure and function, and the intensity of disturbance from outside. Accordingly, this research commenced from three main aspects, selected the evaluation indices, and then established the Evaluation Index System of Beijing Forest Ecosystem Health （EIS-BFEH）. In the EIS-BFEH, each of the three foundations contained an easily-operated and standard sub-index system, which compounded the specific natural and social conditions of Beijing and was concrete enough to measure and evaluate. Then with the method of the Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP）, the comprehensive index （CI） could be obtained, which represented the health of the forest ecosystem. As a case study, the forest ecosystems in the Badaling area were sampled, evaluated, compared and ranked by use of the EIS-BFEH. The result show that the health of natural forests is much better than that of plantations in the Badaling forest center： the average comprehensive index of the former is 7.9, while the latter is only 6.6. From the results, it could also be found that there are nine units in the healthy state, two units in the subhealthy state, and only one unit of Robiniapseudoacacia in the morbid state.

Discussion of Construction of Hainan International Tourism Island and Psychological Health of Tourism Area Residents

In the ongoing construction of an international tourism island in Hainan, China, the research on the mental health of the residents in the tourism destination is one of the main contents of the research on tourism development. Tourism area is the cell of Hainan International Tourism Island. The mental health service of the residents in the tourism area is an important part of the health work construction of the international tourism island and the basic way to realize the health care for everyone. Nowadays, people’s demand for mental health services is far greater than the current supply. In view of the current situation of the limited mental health services provided, we put forward higher requirements and directions for the future development of mental health services in tourist areas. It is planned to carry out the first large-scale publicity and education on mental health of residents in Hainan tourism area in China, and evaluate the effect;carry out a large-scale investigation on mental health of residents in the tourism area, and carry out professional intervention and treatment for patients with mental diseases. Finally, the mental health service network and service institutions covering the tourism areas of Hainan Province were established to provide scientific support for the harmonious and healthy development of the international tourism island in Hainan Province.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Ecosystem Health Assessment of the Egong Bay Fisheries Area in Shenzhen Based on Index of Biological Integrity of Fish

[Objective] The ecosystem health of the Egong Bay fisheries area in Shenzhen was assessed,based on the index of biological integrity of fish( F-IBI),for the reference of ecological restoration in typical fisheries area in the coast of South China Sea. [Method]Based on four seasons survey from August( summer) and November( autumn) in 2012 to February( winter) and May( spring) in 2013,six indicators including total species number of fish,percentage of Sciaenidae species,percentage of Sparidae species,percentage of planktivorous species,percentage of benthic-feeding species and percentage of benthic-feeding and piscivorous species,were used in computing F-IBI of Egong Bay. The suitability of F-IBI was tested by principal component analysis( PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. [Result]Total species number of fish,percentage of Sciaenidae species,percentage of Sparidae species,percentage of planktivorous species and percentage of benthic-feeding species were major assessment indicators for Egong Bay fisheries area. F-IBI of Egong Bay fisheries area was correlated with water temperature,salinity,chemical oxygen demand( COD) and petroleum,and was negative correlation to p H,dissolved oxygen( DO),dissolved inorganic nitrogen( DIN),reactive phosphate( PO_4^(3-)-P),and suspended matters. There were significant correction between the F-IBI with the salinity,COD,and suspended matters.[Conclusion]F-IBI system,based on total species number of fish,percentage of Sciaenidae species,percentage of Sparidae species,percentage of planktivorous species,percentage of benthic-feeding species and percentage of benthic-feeding and piscivorous species was feasible in Egong Bay fisheries area.

雄安新区普通人群精神卫生知识知晓现状调查

目的了解雄安新区普通人群心理健康状况和精神卫生知识知晓率及相关影响因素。方法动员雄安新区20个社区卫生服务中心和33个乡镇卫生院工作人员通过发送二维码海报、网址链接等方式邀请所辖范围内15~70周岁居民参与填写在线问卷。问卷由自编一般人口学资料和精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷两部分构成。结果2591份问卷中2517份问卷有效。总知晓率为77.22%,平均得分(15.44±2.61)分。问卷四个模块中,精神疾病知识方面正确率(67.95%)、精神卫生相关节日部分正确率(55.51%)较低。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、职业、婚姻状况、受教育程度、月收入、心理健康自我评价的精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,年龄、受教育程度、职业、婚姻状况、对自己心理健康程度的评价是精神卫生知识知晓率的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论雄安新区普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率仍需进一步提高。应着重加强精神卫生节日相关节日的宣传,高年龄段、低受教育程度、离异/丧偶、无收入、对自己心理健康程度评价不健康的居民应该是今后精神卫生知识宣教的重点。

我国城市社区医生医疗服务能力现状问题与对策研究

背景:随着新医改的推进,社区卫生服务机构的首诊、双向转诊等分级诊疗措施的开展已成为我国分级诊疗制度落实的重要载体,要实现社区首诊,重点在于社区医生的医疗服务能力建设。目的:通过调查我国城市地区基层医生医疗服务能力现状,探讨提升社区卫生服务机构医疗服务能力的策略。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样和典型抽样相结合的方法,选取我国东中西部城市社区卫生服务机构的2372名医生开展线上问卷调查,使用课题组既往开发的基层医生卫生服务能力体系指标,选取其中医疗服务部分的指标为依据设计问卷调查,了解社区医生对常见病、多发病诊治,危急重症处置,医疗服务协同,社区康复服务以及中医药服务等5个方面的医疗服务综合能力具备情况。结果:共回收问卷2473份,将涉农区的村卫生室和乡村医生从本次调查中剔除101份,实际参与分析问卷为2372份,问卷有效率为95.91%。2372名社区医生中,以本科及以上学历为主,占67.7%(1606名),其次是大专学历,占24.6%(583名)。年龄以30~44岁为主,共1391名占58.6%。有1860名(78.4%)、1686名(71.1%)、1400名(59%)1276名(53.8%)、1330名(56.1%)社区医生具备常见病、多发病诊治,危急重症处置,医疗服务协同,社区康复服务以及中医药服务能力。在医疗服务能力具备率方面,社区医生在医疗服务综合能力方面尤其是危急重症应急处置能力、社区康复服务以及中医药服务等能力具备方面相对薄弱。结论:我国社区医生队伍素质总体水平需进一步提升,常见病、多发病诊治能力具备情况较好,社区医生医疗服务存在短板与不足,各地区应从完善政策和加强培训等方面有针对性地进行“短板”集中“补钙”,使其能承担起社区医疗服务的责任。

The Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Poor Mountainous Areas in Southwest China: A Case Study of "5 + 5" Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Xundian County

Carrying out health poverty alleviation and ensuring the security of basic medical care for the poor are important contents for China to implement the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and win the battle to get rid of poverty. Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is a national poor county integrating ' nationality,poverty,mountainous area and old revolutionary base area'. In recent years,based on the actual situation,Xundian County has explored an effective way of health poverty alleviation. It has effectively prevented the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness,and effectively ensured that Xundian County has successfully achieved the goal of getting rid of poverty. Xundian County finally got rid of the shadow of ' poverty' for more than 30 years to become one of the first batch of counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. This paper makes great efforts to analyze and summarize the specific methods,main achievements,successful experience,lessons and reference about health poverty alleviation in Xundian County. At the same time,it also studies and analyzes the main problems existing in the model,and puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions,in order to provide a reference for health poverty alleviation in other poor areas.

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Abandoned Land in Coal Mining Areas in Xingren County

Total contents of heavy metals （ Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni） in 68 soil samples were determined to evaluate the contamination level of soil from five coal mine areas in Xingren County, Guizhou province. The pollution levels of heavy metals were characterized by anthro- pogenic influence multiple, and the pollution of heavy metal in soil was evaluated using geo-accumulation index. Based on the health risk models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）, the health risks of heavy metals in the soils were assessed. The results showed that the abandoned land in the five coal mining areas were contaminated by heavy metals, and the order of pollution levels of eight heavy metals was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The soils suffered moderate-heavy pollution from As and Pb, and the contents of As and Pb in the soils were 13.16 and 4.76 times higher than the background values of Guizhou Province, followed by Cu, Hg and Ni , while soil pollution from Cr, Cd and Zn was mild. The order of non-caminogenic risks of the heavy metals in the soils was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Zn, and the non-carcinogenic dsk value of As was higher than that its threshold value 1, which indicated that As had a high potential health risk to adults and children. The order of carcinogen risks of the four heavy metals was As 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni, and the carcinogenic risk value of As was higher than its threshold value, indicating that As had a high carcinogenic risk to adults and children. The carcinogenic risk values of other three heavy metals （ Cd, Cr and Ni） were lower than the threshold value, so they had no carcinogenic risk to human health. Moreover, children were more sensitively affect- ed by heavy metals from the abandoned land. Therefore, the health of children in such areas should be paid more attention to. The HI value of the eight heavy metals to children was seven times higher than that to adults. The contribution rate of HQAs to HI was about 88%, and the contribution rate of CRA, to TCR was about 98%, so As was the most crucial factor influencing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic dsk in the abandoned soils.

2018—2022年云南省边境地区传染病类突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

目的掌握云南省边境地区传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为边境地区传染病的防控工作提供参考。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2018—2022年云南省边境地区传染病突发公共卫生事件数据,采用描述流行病学方法对其时间、地区等特征进行分析。结果2018—2022年,云南省25个边境县(市)共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件179起,占全省的20.53%;涉及病例14877例,死亡1例。事件的级别以一般事件(Ⅳ级)为主(110起,占61.45%);类别以乙类传染病为主(77起,占43.02%);涉及病种12种,前3位分别为新型冠状病毒感染(64起,占35.75%)、水痘(42起,占23.46%)、流行性感冒(26起,占14.53%)。事件的高发月份为4—7月(71起,占39.66%)和9—12月(65起,占36.31%);高发场所为学校(96起,占53.63%),其中小学占55.21%(53/96)。境外输入传染病引起的事件共11起,主要来自缅甸(7起,占63.64%)。事件持续时间中位数为14(4,35)d,最长持续时间为153 d。结论云南省边境地区传染病事件以乙类传染病为主,学校是防控的重点场所,高发季节要加强传染病的监测和防控。

预防为先:沂蒙革命根据地的医疗卫生宣传工作探究

沂蒙革命根据地的医疗卫生宣传是战时疾疫防治工作的重要组成部分,是医疗卫生工作的前置和有益补充,对疾病预防、控制以及日常生活环境改善具有积极的推进作用,这一作用在当时战斗频繁、缺医少药、医疗卫生环境极端困难的情况下尤为重要。在艰苦的战时环境中,沂蒙革命根据地在党的领导下,坚持预防为先的原则,积极开展医疗卫生宣传工作,维护了根据地人民的生命和健康安全,进而为根据地的巩固与发展提供了重要保障。

城乡融合发展背景下人口流动对流出地居民健康水平的影响

健康是人力资本的重要组成部分,是促进人的全面发展的必然要求,是经济社会发展的基础条件,也是推进共同富裕的根本要素。基于1990、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年中国人口普查和抽样调查数据,利用固定效应回归模型检验了人口流动对流出地居民健康水平的影响。研究发现:无论是否加入人口、经济和社会方面的控制变量,人口流动对流出地居民健康水平均具有负向影响,在稳健性检验下结论依旧成立。进一步分析作用机制可以发现,人口流动通过流出地老龄化效应、流入地健康透支效应、流出地经济发展滞缓效应影响着居民健康。基于上述结论,从构建跨空间协作的健康保障联动机制、建立健全覆盖流动人口全流动周期的健康跟踪服务体系、深化流动人口全面健康服务工作三个方面提出相关建议,为国家和地方政府更有效地推动“健康中国”建设和实现共同富裕提供参考。