The Finnish health care system is financed in a highly decentralized manner. In the tax-financed Beveridge model each municipality is responseble for financing and organizing health care services for its residents. Th...The Finnish health care system is financed in a highly decentralized manner. In the tax-financed Beveridge model each municipality is responseble for financing and organizing health care services for its residents. This paper examined the annual incidence and treatment costs of three cost-intensive DRG-groups, and all DRG-groups together. The objective was to estimate municipal level predictions on the incidence of new illness cases and their associated costs, and to analyze whether there was greater uncertainty in anticipated specialized health care costs in municipalities with smaller populations. The dataset comprised of longitudinal hospital utilization and discharge data from Hospital Discharge Registers. The expected annual variation of illness cases and costs was assessed with respect to 95% confidence intervals estimated for each morbidity group and municipality. The results indicated that the costs of the selected morbidity groups fluctuated in a completely uncontrollable manner in municipalities with small populations. As the median size of Finnish municipalities is less than 6000, the inability to anticipate periodic health care costs constitutes an extensive financial problem and calls for the establishment of larger regional units and funding pools.展开更多
The financial crisis has caused a severe limitation of resources for the public health service and rehabilitation. The proposal of integrated diagnosis and treatment in rehabilitation, involving the introduction of ne...The financial crisis has caused a severe limitation of resources for the public health service and rehabilitation. The proposal of integrated diagnosis and treatment in rehabilitation, involving the introduction of new therapeutic models alongside orthodox models, could lead to a reduction in health care costs through better patient compliance. In rehabilitative assistance in health care, the limiting of financial resources can be simplified, given its multifaceted nature and the need to integrate clinical experience with research. In addition, the phases of rehabilitative recovery do not focus on organ damage, but improved participation and the reduction of disability. For this reason, we have considered incorporating narrative based medicine (NBM) and Psycho-Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinology (PNEI) in the rehabilitation process through an empathetic approach, taking evidence based medicine (EBM) into account, thus creating a “framework” of reference. Managing patients through this “framework” would be a move towards an integrated model of care that could lead to a reduction in health care costs, given the aging population and the rise in patients with chronic pain. The decision to modify health care in rehabilitative assistance through a new “framework” will require time, organizational capacity and experimentation, but may represent the appropriate response for an improved quality of life for patients and a better allocation of resources.展开更多
Depression in later life is an underrepresented yet important research area. The aim of the study was to explore depressed older persons’ need for and expectations of improved health services one year after implement...Depression in later life is an underrepresented yet important research area. The aim of the study was to explore depressed older persons’ need for and expectations of improved health services one year after implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM). A qualitative evaluative design was used. Data were collected through individual interviews with older persons living in Norway. The qualitative content analysis revealed two themes: The need to be safeguarded and Expectation of being considered valuable and capable. Evaluation of the improvement in care with focus on the CCM components showed that the most important components for improving the depressed older person’s daily life were: delivery system re-design, self-management support, productive interaction and a well-informed active patient. The findings highlight the need for a health services designed for persons suffering from chronic ill-health, where the CCM could serve as a framework for policy change and support the redesign of the existing healthcare system. We conclude that older persons with depression need attention, especially those who have been suffering for many years. The identified components may have implications for health professionals in the promotion of mental healthcare.展开更多
In the past decades health care and medicine in most countries got more or less in a state of crisis. This is not surprising because, so far, there is no consensus about the nature of health. This shortcoming inhibits...In the past decades health care and medicine in most countries got more or less in a state of crisis. This is not surprising because, so far, there is no consensus about the nature of health. This shortcoming inhibits constructive, interdisciplinary dialogues about health values. It renders priority setting controversial and subject to power struggles. A new definition of health, known as the Meikirch Model, could correct this deficiency. It states: “Health is a dynamic state of wellbeing characterized by a physical, mental and social potential, which satisfies the demands of a life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility. If the potential is insufficient to satisfy these de-mands the state is disease.” The potential is composed of a biologically given and a person-ally acquired component. Thus this definition characterizes health with six essential features, which are suitable for an analysis of and priority setting in medical consultations and in health care policy decisions. A wide discussion about this definition of health followed by its imple-mentation is expected to render health care in-dividually and socially more beneficial.展开更多
Background: In paternalistic models, healthcare providers’ responsibility is to decide what is best for patients. The main concern is that such models fail to respect patient autonomy and do not promote patient respo...Background: In paternalistic models, healthcare providers’ responsibility is to decide what is best for patients. The main concern is that such models fail to respect patient autonomy and do not promote patient responsibility. Aim: To evaluate mental healthcare team members’ perceptions of their own role in encouraging elderly persons to participate in shared decision-making after implementation of the CCM. The CCM is not an explanatory theory, but an evidence-based guideline and synthesis of best available evidence. Methods: Data were collected from two teams that took part in a focus group interview, and the transcript was analysed by means of qualitative thematic analysis. Results: One overall theme emerged—Preventing the violation of human dignity based on three themes, namely, Changing understanding and attitudes, Increasing depressed elderly persons’ autonomy and Clarifying the mental healthcare team coordinator’s role and responsibility. The results of this study reveal that until recently, paternalism has been the dominant decision-making model within healthcare, without any apparent consideration of the patient perspective. Community mental healthcare can be improved by shared decision-making in which team members initiate a dialogue focusing on patient participation to prevent the violation of human dignity. However, in order to determine how best to empower the patient, team members need expert knowledge and intuition.展开更多
目的:定量评价“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)和田地区肺结核患者发现中的实施效果,为新疆肺结核防治工作的稳步推进提供科学依据。方法:收集2012年1月至2021年12月新疆和田地区及未实施全疗...目的:定量评价“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)和田地区肺结核患者发现中的实施效果,为新疆肺结核防治工作的稳步推进提供科学依据。方法:收集2012年1月至2021年12月新疆和田地区及未实施全疗程住院治疗策略的新疆其他地州肺结核报告发病数据。利用Joinpoint回归模型分析肺结核报告发病率的时间趋势。以2018年7月作为“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式干预时间点,根据是否设置对照地区,分别构建单组中断时间序列(interrupted time series, ITS)模型和设置对照的ITS模型(controlled interrupted time series, CITS)分析政策干预效果。结果:2012—2021年新疆和田地区肺结核报告发病率最高为2018年的465.10/10万(10 278例),最低为2021年的129.40/10万(3241例),总体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-4.5%,P<0.05);2012—2018年肺结核报告发病率呈现上升趋势(APC=10.8%,P<0.05),2018—2021年肺结核报告发病率呈快速下降趋势(APC=-29.0%,P<0.05)。ITS模型分析显示,和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式后1个月(2018年7月),报告发病率增加16.859/10万(P=0.001),新型模式实施后的长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势(β3=-1.098,P<0.001)。CITS模型分析显示,和田地区在新型模式实施后1个月(2018年7月),肺结核报告发病率明显增加,增加量比对照地区高14.751/10万(P<0.001),新型模式实施后长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,平均每月下降0.815/10万(β5+β7=-0.815,P<0.001),下降速度大于对照地区(β7=-0.931,P<0.001)。结论:新疆和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式与肺结核报告发病率之间存在动态因果关系,该模式促使肺结核报告发病率在短暂地上升后呈现下降的长期趋势。实施该模式对控制结核病高负担地区肺结核疫情具有明显优势。展开更多
The wide diffusion of healthcare monitoring systems allows continuous patient to be remotely monitored and diagnosed by doctors. The problem of congestion, namely due to the uncontrolled increase of traffic with respe...The wide diffusion of healthcare monitoring systems allows continuous patient to be remotely monitored and diagnosed by doctors. The problem of congestion, namely due to the uncontrolled increase of traffic with respect to the network capacity, is one of the most common phenomena affecting the reliability of transmission of information in any network. The aim of the paper is to build a realistic simulation environment for healthcare system including some of the main vital signs model, wireless sensor and mesh network protocols implementation. The simulator environment is an efficient mean to analyze and evaluate in a realistic scenario the healthcare system performance in terms of reliability and efficiency.展开更多
背景近十年来,随着医疗保健生态学模型(ecology of medical care model)应用价值的突显,该模型得到了学者们的高度关注。医疗保健生态学理论模型构建的差异与变化在一定程度上可以反映医疗模式的转变,为了解我国人群健康需求和卫生服务...背景近十年来,随着医疗保健生态学模型(ecology of medical care model)应用价值的突显,该模型得到了学者们的高度关注。医疗保健生态学理论模型构建的差异与变化在一定程度上可以反映医疗模式的转变,为了解我国人群健康需求和卫生服务利用情况提供证据基础。目的对运用医疗保健生态学模型的研究进行整合和对比,以描述使用医疗保健生态学模型建立的研究现状、对比研究方法和主要发现。方法于2022年6月,在PubMed、Ovid Medline、Web of Science、EmBase、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台中根据关键词、不限制语种开展检索,检索时限为1961-2022年。在Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)概况性评价方法学手册的指导下,对文献进行筛选、信息提取,并开展描述性分析。结果共纳入符合要求的文献28篇,其中22篇(78.6%)发表于2010年以后。多数研究运用医疗保健生态学模型重点关注人群的健康需求、医疗资源利用模式,聚焦就医行为模式、疾病转诊等问题。在研究人群方面,多数研究覆盖全年龄段人群(11篇,39.3%),针对特定人群开展的研究有7篇(25.0%)。有4项研究在中国开展,均针对城市地区。相较于发达国家(地区),发展中国家(地区)研究中较少关注患者自我寻求帮助(非处方药、按摩等)情况,已有的医疗保健生态学模型反映出发展中国家(地区)具有较低的患者自报有健康问题(症状)比例,但具有更高的医院门诊就诊和急诊就诊比例。结论医疗保健生态学模型及其研究方法在过去20年间不断演进,仍然是帮助研究者和政策制定者了解医疗保健需求和医疗资源供需关系的重要工具。目前,中国对医疗保健生态学框架的应用程度不高,未来可更多地运用该模型反映卫生服务不平等和健康需求未被满足情况,并可开展群医学等领域的研究,为提高我国人群健康资源合理分配提供证据基础。展开更多
文摘The Finnish health care system is financed in a highly decentralized manner. In the tax-financed Beveridge model each municipality is responseble for financing and organizing health care services for its residents. This paper examined the annual incidence and treatment costs of three cost-intensive DRG-groups, and all DRG-groups together. The objective was to estimate municipal level predictions on the incidence of new illness cases and their associated costs, and to analyze whether there was greater uncertainty in anticipated specialized health care costs in municipalities with smaller populations. The dataset comprised of longitudinal hospital utilization and discharge data from Hospital Discharge Registers. The expected annual variation of illness cases and costs was assessed with respect to 95% confidence intervals estimated for each morbidity group and municipality. The results indicated that the costs of the selected morbidity groups fluctuated in a completely uncontrollable manner in municipalities with small populations. As the median size of Finnish municipalities is less than 6000, the inability to anticipate periodic health care costs constitutes an extensive financial problem and calls for the establishment of larger regional units and funding pools.
文摘The financial crisis has caused a severe limitation of resources for the public health service and rehabilitation. The proposal of integrated diagnosis and treatment in rehabilitation, involving the introduction of new therapeutic models alongside orthodox models, could lead to a reduction in health care costs through better patient compliance. In rehabilitative assistance in health care, the limiting of financial resources can be simplified, given its multifaceted nature and the need to integrate clinical experience with research. In addition, the phases of rehabilitative recovery do not focus on organ damage, but improved participation and the reduction of disability. For this reason, we have considered incorporating narrative based medicine (NBM) and Psycho-Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinology (PNEI) in the rehabilitation process through an empathetic approach, taking evidence based medicine (EBM) into account, thus creating a “framework” of reference. Managing patients through this “framework” would be a move towards an integrated model of care that could lead to a reduction in health care costs, given the aging population and the rise in patients with chronic pain. The decision to modify health care in rehabilitative assistance through a new “framework” will require time, organizational capacity and experimentation, but may represent the appropriate response for an improved quality of life for patients and a better allocation of resources.
文摘Depression in later life is an underrepresented yet important research area. The aim of the study was to explore depressed older persons’ need for and expectations of improved health services one year after implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM). A qualitative evaluative design was used. Data were collected through individual interviews with older persons living in Norway. The qualitative content analysis revealed two themes: The need to be safeguarded and Expectation of being considered valuable and capable. Evaluation of the improvement in care with focus on the CCM components showed that the most important components for improving the depressed older person’s daily life were: delivery system re-design, self-management support, productive interaction and a well-informed active patient. The findings highlight the need for a health services designed for persons suffering from chronic ill-health, where the CCM could serve as a framework for policy change and support the redesign of the existing healthcare system. We conclude that older persons with depression need attention, especially those who have been suffering for many years. The identified components may have implications for health professionals in the promotion of mental healthcare.
文摘In the past decades health care and medicine in most countries got more or less in a state of crisis. This is not surprising because, so far, there is no consensus about the nature of health. This shortcoming inhibits constructive, interdisciplinary dialogues about health values. It renders priority setting controversial and subject to power struggles. A new definition of health, known as the Meikirch Model, could correct this deficiency. It states: “Health is a dynamic state of wellbeing characterized by a physical, mental and social potential, which satisfies the demands of a life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility. If the potential is insufficient to satisfy these de-mands the state is disease.” The potential is composed of a biologically given and a person-ally acquired component. Thus this definition characterizes health with six essential features, which are suitable for an analysis of and priority setting in medical consultations and in health care policy decisions. A wide discussion about this definition of health followed by its imple-mentation is expected to render health care in-dividually and socially more beneficial.
文摘Background: In paternalistic models, healthcare providers’ responsibility is to decide what is best for patients. The main concern is that such models fail to respect patient autonomy and do not promote patient responsibility. Aim: To evaluate mental healthcare team members’ perceptions of their own role in encouraging elderly persons to participate in shared decision-making after implementation of the CCM. The CCM is not an explanatory theory, but an evidence-based guideline and synthesis of best available evidence. Methods: Data were collected from two teams that took part in a focus group interview, and the transcript was analysed by means of qualitative thematic analysis. Results: One overall theme emerged—Preventing the violation of human dignity based on three themes, namely, Changing understanding and attitudes, Increasing depressed elderly persons’ autonomy and Clarifying the mental healthcare team coordinator’s role and responsibility. The results of this study reveal that until recently, paternalism has been the dominant decision-making model within healthcare, without any apparent consideration of the patient perspective. Community mental healthcare can be improved by shared decision-making in which team members initiate a dialogue focusing on patient participation to prevent the violation of human dignity. However, in order to determine how best to empower the patient, team members need expert knowledge and intuition.
文摘目的:定量评价“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)和田地区肺结核患者发现中的实施效果,为新疆肺结核防治工作的稳步推进提供科学依据。方法:收集2012年1月至2021年12月新疆和田地区及未实施全疗程住院治疗策略的新疆其他地州肺结核报告发病数据。利用Joinpoint回归模型分析肺结核报告发病率的时间趋势。以2018年7月作为“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式干预时间点,根据是否设置对照地区,分别构建单组中断时间序列(interrupted time series, ITS)模型和设置对照的ITS模型(controlled interrupted time series, CITS)分析政策干预效果。结果:2012—2021年新疆和田地区肺结核报告发病率最高为2018年的465.10/10万(10 278例),最低为2021年的129.40/10万(3241例),总体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-4.5%,P<0.05);2012—2018年肺结核报告发病率呈现上升趋势(APC=10.8%,P<0.05),2018—2021年肺结核报告发病率呈快速下降趋势(APC=-29.0%,P<0.05)。ITS模型分析显示,和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式后1个月(2018年7月),报告发病率增加16.859/10万(P=0.001),新型模式实施后的长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势(β3=-1.098,P<0.001)。CITS模型分析显示,和田地区在新型模式实施后1个月(2018年7月),肺结核报告发病率明显增加,增加量比对照地区高14.751/10万(P<0.001),新型模式实施后长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,平均每月下降0.815/10万(β5+β7=-0.815,P<0.001),下降速度大于对照地区(β7=-0.931,P<0.001)。结论:新疆和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式与肺结核报告发病率之间存在动态因果关系,该模式促使肺结核报告发病率在短暂地上升后呈现下降的长期趋势。实施该模式对控制结核病高负担地区肺结核疫情具有明显优势。
文摘The wide diffusion of healthcare monitoring systems allows continuous patient to be remotely monitored and diagnosed by doctors. The problem of congestion, namely due to the uncontrolled increase of traffic with respect to the network capacity, is one of the most common phenomena affecting the reliability of transmission of information in any network. The aim of the paper is to build a realistic simulation environment for healthcare system including some of the main vital signs model, wireless sensor and mesh network protocols implementation. The simulator environment is an efficient mean to analyze and evaluate in a realistic scenario the healthcare system performance in terms of reliability and efficiency.
文摘背景近十年来,随着医疗保健生态学模型(ecology of medical care model)应用价值的突显,该模型得到了学者们的高度关注。医疗保健生态学理论模型构建的差异与变化在一定程度上可以反映医疗模式的转变,为了解我国人群健康需求和卫生服务利用情况提供证据基础。目的对运用医疗保健生态学模型的研究进行整合和对比,以描述使用医疗保健生态学模型建立的研究现状、对比研究方法和主要发现。方法于2022年6月,在PubMed、Ovid Medline、Web of Science、EmBase、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台中根据关键词、不限制语种开展检索,检索时限为1961-2022年。在Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)概况性评价方法学手册的指导下,对文献进行筛选、信息提取,并开展描述性分析。结果共纳入符合要求的文献28篇,其中22篇(78.6%)发表于2010年以后。多数研究运用医疗保健生态学模型重点关注人群的健康需求、医疗资源利用模式,聚焦就医行为模式、疾病转诊等问题。在研究人群方面,多数研究覆盖全年龄段人群(11篇,39.3%),针对特定人群开展的研究有7篇(25.0%)。有4项研究在中国开展,均针对城市地区。相较于发达国家(地区),发展中国家(地区)研究中较少关注患者自我寻求帮助(非处方药、按摩等)情况,已有的医疗保健生态学模型反映出发展中国家(地区)具有较低的患者自报有健康问题(症状)比例,但具有更高的医院门诊就诊和急诊就诊比例。结论医疗保健生态学模型及其研究方法在过去20年间不断演进,仍然是帮助研究者和政策制定者了解医疗保健需求和医疗资源供需关系的重要工具。目前,中国对医疗保健生态学框架的应用程度不高,未来可更多地运用该模型反映卫生服务不平等和健康需求未被满足情况,并可开展群医学等领域的研究,为提高我国人群健康资源合理分配提供证据基础。
基金supported by the Nursing Project of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital(ZH202001)General program of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Medical Research(M2021114)Project of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital Management Association(JSYGY-3-2021-284)。
