Investigation and Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk Factors in the Health Check-Up Population

Objective: To investigate and analyze the risk factors of lung cancer in the population of health checkups. Methods: A total of 500 cases of the health check-up population were selected for data study. Surveyed showed that 19 cases of lung cancer were grouped as the lung cancer group and the remaining 481 cases made up the control group, and the risk factors were analyzed. Results: Among men, there was a significant proportion of individuals aged 60-69 years old, and women aged 30-39 years old. Additionally, individuals aged 60 and above were at increased risk of developing lung cancer. The results of the multifactorial analysis were that the risk factors affecting the detection of lung cancer in healthy people were smoking history, family history of lung cancer, secondhand smoke, history of respiratory diseases, psychosomatic factors, living environment, and kitchen fumes. Conclusion: People over 60 years of age were prone to early lung cancer, followed by individuals aged 30-39 years. It is important to identify the risk factors of lung cancer to strengthen the screening of high-risk groups for early detection and treatment.

Analysis of the Prevalence Characteristics of Lung Nodules and Their Influencing Factors in The Health Check-Up Population

Objective: To study the prevalence characteristics of pulmonary nodules and their influencing factors in the health check-up population. Methods: A total of 500 cases of health checkups were selected for the data study to analyze the detection and prevalence characteristics of pulmonary nodules. The influencing factors between the pulmonary nodules group and the no pulmonary nodules group were analyzed. Results: A total of 209 cases were detected, of which there were more males than females, and for female patients, the detection rate increased with age (P < 0.05). The distribution of gender, age, smoking, respiratory symptoms, and exposure to kitchen fumes between the two groups was compared (P < 0.05). The multifactorial analysis concluded that risk factors include, respiratory symptoms, older age, exposure to kitchen fumes, and smoking. In addition, patients who exercised more had a lower risk of developing lung nodules. Conclusion: The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was high in the health check-up population and the influencing factors analyzed involved the presence of respiratory symptoms, older age, kitchen fume exposure, and smoking, while the positive influencing factor was increased exercise.

The status and influence factors of residents＇ health knowledge awarenessin Yizhou district of Hami city

[目的] 了解新疆哈密市伊州区居民健康知识知晓情况及其影响因素.[方法]采用分层整群随机抽样 的方法,抽取哈密市伊州区的丽园街道丽园社区、石油新城街道支油区社区、陶家宫乡和回城乡的居民（ 共 700名）进行问卷调查,利用二元Logistic回归方法分析影响因素.[结果]居民健康知识知晓率为23.5%.具 备健康理解知识知晓、科学健康观知识知晓、传染病知识知晓和职业病知识知晓的比例分别为 55. 0%、 33.4%、27.3%、33. 14%和 52.3%.居民获取健康知识的主要途径占比分别为医生80. 15%、电视38. 10%、 学校或单位22.33%、网络21.02%.居民文化程度与家庭平均月收入及健康知识知晓水平有关（P〈0. 05）. [结论]居民的健康知识知晓水平还有提升空间,影响健康知识知晓水平的主要因素为文化程度和家庭平均月 收入,应有针对性地制定健康教育和健康促进策略,以提高居民健康知识知晓水平.

An Empirical Study on the Coupling and Coordination of Health Investment, Resident Health and Economic Growth in Sichuan Province —Based on a Modified Coupling Model

We should calculate the coupling degree of medical investment, resident health and economic growth in Sichuan Province, and make clear the coordinated development of the aforementioned three factors. In that, the government was able to formulate policies that feature the positive interaction and coordinated development of regional medical investment, health and economy. Methods on index system for the evaluation of health investment, resident health and economic growth were constructed, and the coupling and coordination degree of the three systems were empirically studied based on the entropy weight method, the coupling coordination model and the gray correlation method. From the perspective of time series, the overall coupling and coordination level of Sichuan Province is relatively low, and the comprehensive development level of health investment and economic growth system has lagged behind the resident health system;from the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, in 2019, the coordinated development level of health investment resident health and economic growth coupling in western Sichuan, southern Sichuan, northern Sichuan, eastern Sichuan and northern Sichuan is in the primary coordination stage, but there is a lag in the development of the health investment system between western Sichuan and southern Sichuan, and there is a lag in the development of the economic growth system between northern Sichuan and eastern Sichuan. From the analysis of gray correlation degree, the main correlation factors are diverse. All in all, the overall coordination level of health investment, resident health and economic growth in Sichuan Province is relatively low, and in order to achieve its coordinated development, it is necessary to narrow regional differences, formulate coordinated development strategies according to local conditions, and improve the overall coordination level.

How does the construction of China’s ecological civilization affect the health burden of urban and rural residents?

Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization,this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares,simultaneous equation estimation,and the extended regression model.It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’economic health burden,as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’disease burden.Fiscal decentralization,urbanization,and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents,and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization.In the eastern and central regions,ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents,but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents.While the“catching-up trend”of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious,ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents.After the robustness test,the conclusion still holds.This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies.

Cross-sectional Study on Their Reproductive Health Status of 604 Fem ale Floating Residents in Beijing

This study on the reproductive health statusw asbased on the data from a survey and an exam ination of severalhundredsof fem ale floating residentsin Beijing. The results w ere compared w ith those from fem ale perm anent residents in Beijing. The study revealed thatm ostof theinvestigated fem alefloating residentshad lived in Bei- jing w ith their fam ily for threeyearson an average. They had a harderlifethan that of Beijing perm anentresidents. Also they did notreceiveadequateprenatalcaresdur- ing their pregnanciesin Beijing and a quarter of thesem othersdid notreceiveany pre- natal exam ination during their pregnancies at all. Again the fem ales had a great prevalence of reproductive tractinfections, reaching 29.3of thoseexam ined, high- er than the w om en perm anently residing in Beijing.

Self-Reported Assessment of Health Status and Psychological Condition among Hospital Medical Residents in Iran

Psychological stress and illness among hospital residences have been subject to increasing scientific scrutiny;however very few studies have been published to describe the extent of health status and psychological stresses in residents in different specialties especially in our country that our study was mainly focused on this subject. Methods: The study subjects were medical residents in public hospitals covering 14 different specialties in Tehran in 2007. A self-administered questionnaire elicited information related to socio-demographic profile, specialty, duty hours, sleep quality, physical activity level, number of night shifts per month, mood changes, sense of depression after night shifts, fatigue, use of antidepressant and tranquilizer, and their opinion regarding their health status on a 4-point Likert scale. Results: 66.7% of participants were male with the mean age of 32.9 ± 4.2 years. 62.1% of the residents felt mood changes after nightly shifts that could adversely affect their daily living, quality of work, and social relationships. The overall prevalence of the use of antidepressant drugs was 20.0% which was significantly higher in women than men. Also, 24.4% of them reported consumption of sedative and hypnotic drugs. 15.6% reported complete healthy status while 9.4% reported partial illness. Complete healthy status was more reported among the residents of anesthesiology and pediatrics while illness was more reported by residents in pathology field. Residents’ satisfaction with their status was positively correlated with the year of residency and marriage, while dissatisfaction was more reported in divorced ones as well as in those with higher number of nightly shifts. Conclusion: Notable number of hospital residents in Iran experience significant stressors and emotional and mental health problems. Among all studies factors type of specialty, year of residency, female gender, number of nightly shifts, and single marital status were more important than other factors.

The prevalence of health literacy of Chinese residents for infectious disease between 2011 and 2015： findings from a meta-analysis

目的：运用系统评价和Meta分析方法探讨2011年至2015年我国居民传染病健康素养的具备情况。方法：检索中国学术文献总库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普（VIP）期刊全文数据库的文章，收集2011年至2015年我国居民传染病健康素养的横断面研究文献；用Joanna Briggs标准评价文献质量，以传染病健康素养具备率为结局指标，应用Stata12．0软件进行单个样本率的Meta分析。．结果：共纳入横断面研究文献35篇，纳入总人数为94631例，文献质量评价的平均分大于14分。单组率Meta分析显示，我国居民传染病健康素养具备率为20．00％（95％CI：18％～23％）。结论：我国居民具备传染病健康素养的总体水平不高，针对不同的人群应采取不同的健康教育活动，提高曙民传染病健康素养水平，以期有效控制传染病的发生发展。

Lower Incidence of Positive Gynecological Cancers in Examinees of a Unique Health Check-Up Institute, Ningen Dock in Japan, 2011-2016

The present study aims to determine the gynecologic health status of asymptomatic women at a unique Japanese Health Check-up Institute, Ningen Dock. Medical records of Japanese women, who underwent gynecological medical (health) examinations between January 2011 and December 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Of the cervical smears from 8927 women aged 18 - 85 years, 50 (0.6%) were classified as dysplastic and malignant changes: 18 of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 10 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 21 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma. No case of cervical adenocarcinoma was found. Ultrasonographic examination detected uterus enlargements and ovary tumors in 2.0% and 0.9% of cases, respectively. Most of participants (95.6%) revealed no gynecologic abnormalities. The present study based on the records of Ningen Dock, where asymptomatic participants undergo a medical examination at their own expense, showed very low incidence of abnormal cytologic and/or ultrasonographic findings.

Trends in age distribution of participants in a self-covered and a public expense-covered health check-up programs in Japan

Objective: In Japan, there are unique facilities (namely Ningen Dock) of health check-up, where asymptomatic participants undergo a medical examination at their own expense. The earlier occurrence of cervical cancer and the concern on screening prompted us compare to the age distribution in the self-covered system with that of free physical check-up programs at public expense. Methods: We analyzed medical records of Japanese women, who underwent gynecological examinations at self-covered expense and at public expense between for the periods 2002-2011 and 2005-2009, respectively, restricting examinee’s age group. Results: For self-covered system, approximately 80% of the overall examinee population was occupied with three age groups 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. The participants was extremely fewer in the over 60 years age group accounting for 10%, compared to those for the public expense-covered system, the over 60 years age group being 25%. Participant under the age of 30 years seemed to increase in chronological order in both systems. Conclusion: The level of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections may contribute to screening promotion for the younger women, while the elderly over 60 years’ attitudes toward screening may be mainly related to social-economic status and/or public expense support.

Objective and Subjective Dental Treatment Needs among Nursing Home Residents

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze oral, dental and denture hygiene, and the current treatment needs in nursing home residents. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Nursing homes in Saxony, Germany. Participants and Intervention: Participating dentists recorded the frequency of oral, dental and denture care, dental treatment needs, and the request for treatment in 11,144 nursing home residents by using standardized checklists. Results: Mean age of the residents was 82.5 years, and 74.6% were females. For 54.0% of those examined, nursing staff did care for oral, dental, and denture hygiene. 77.5% of the residents performed oral hygiene more frequently than once daily, 19.8% only once a day, and 2.6% performed oral hygiene less frequent. A need for dental treatment was identified in 64.1% of the residents, of which 34.5% were missing dentures, and 29.7% suffered from dental diseases. 58.3% of the residents not requesting treatment had a clinical need for dental therapy. Objective and subjective need for treatment correlated positively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Nursing home staff should be aware of the poor oral hygiene and health care conditions in residents. In addition to regular dental check-ups, nursing home residents should be given advice on dental care. Furthermore, dentists and health insurances should develop an action plan to improve oral health of nursing home residents, and to reduce additional costs due to lack of dental care.

2021年我国城乡居民健康素养水平及其影响因素研究

目的分析2021年我国城乡居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为今后开展健康教育干预工作、制定相关卫生健康政策提供科学依据。方法2021年1—10月,采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样方法抽取全国15~69岁城乡居民进行问卷调查。采用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响居民健康素养水平的主要因素。结果经加权调整后,2021年城市居民和农村居民健康素养水平分别为30.70%和22.02%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:城市居民方面,以西部地区为参照,东部地区居民健康素养水平的OR值为1.372(95%CI:1.244~1.512);以15~24岁年龄段为参照,35~44岁年龄段居民健康素养水平的OR值为1.367(95%CI:1.140~1.640),65~69岁年龄段居民健康素养水平OR值为0.687(95%CI:0.553~0.854);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大专及以上文化程度居民健康素养水平的OR值分别为1.849(95%CI:1.581~2.163)、3.471(95%CI:2.958~4.073)、7.564(95%CI:6.472~8.841)。农村居民方面,以西部地区为参照,东、中部地区居民健康素养水平OR值分别为1.595(95%CI:1.434~1.774)、1.587(95%CI:1.374~1.833);以15~24岁年龄段为参照,35~44岁年龄段居民健康素养水平OR值为1.546(95%CI:1.234~1.936),65~69岁年龄段居民健康素养水平的OR值为0.770(95%CI:0.598~0.993);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大专及以上文化程度居民健康素养水平OR值分别为2.390(95%CI:2.139~2.669)、5.235(95%CI:4.548~6.025)、12.816(95%CI:10.926~15.033)。结论2021年我国城乡居民的健康素养水平均有进一步提升,但仍有较大上升空间,不同地区、年龄和文化程度对城乡居民健康素养的影响程度不同。

北京市农村居民心理健康服务需求调查

针对当前北京市农村居民心理健康服务存在城乡发展不平衡和人才短缺等问题组织调研,指出北京市农村居民心理健康服务的现状和问题。通过对926份有效问卷分析发现,农民整体心理健康水平较高,70.52%对自己的心理健康状况比较满意,64.47%的居民对心理健康服务有需求,但在面对心理问题时只有24.8%表示肯定去寻求心理帮助,求助意愿较低;有17.17%的农村社区开展了心理健康服务,服务形式多样且居民的满意度非常高。建议关注农民心理健康,满足其心理健康服务需求,高职院校要加强高素质农民心理培育工作,明确高素质农民心理人才培育目标,建构人才培养的方向和模式,使得高素质农民心理人才作为内生力量参与到农村心理服务中去,以提升农村居民心理健康服务工作的质量。

中国居民健康获得感问卷编制及信效度评价

目的:初步编制居民健康获得感测量问卷,评价其信度和效度。方法:通过文献研究法、访谈法、专家咨询法探索居民健康获得感的内涵和结构并编制初始测量问卷。通过问卷星平台发放和回收问卷,利用SPSS 21.0软件进行项目分析、信度检验和探索性因子等多种统计分析;利用AMOS 21.0软件进行验证性因子分析,评价构建的模型与实测数据的拟合程度。结果:居民健康获得感问卷包括支持条件、健康基础、自我认知3个维度共12个条目。研究编制的居民健康获得感测量问卷信效度良好,各分维度的克朗巴赫α系数在0.832~0.870之间,整体问卷的克朗巴赫α系数为0.850;结构模型拟合指标良好,χ^(2)/df为2.214,CFI、NFI、TLI等拟合数据基本在0.9以上,RMSEA值为0.051,所有测量题项的因子载荷均在0.7以上,各维度的组合信度CR值都在0.8以上、AVE值均在0.5以上,居民健康获得感与校标变量生活满意度之间存在显著正向相关关系(r=0.289,P<0.01)。结论:编制的3维度12题项测量问卷有良好的信效度,能较好反映居民健康获得感的内涵和结构,可作为测量我国居民健康获得感的有效工具。

农村居民互联网健康信息行为分析

目的分析农村居民网络健康信息行为,为更好促进农村居民不良健康行为改变提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,选取2019年7月至2020年2月于齐齐哈尔市两个乡镇抽取230名18岁及以上的农村居民进行问卷调查。参考《威尔逊健康信息行为模型》《长沙市城市居民健康信息行为调查与对策研究》,自行设计健康信息行为问卷,统计分析农村居民人口学资料,医学信息需求情况、医学信息获取情况。结果本次调查中,男71名,女149名;文化程度小学以下17名,初中及以下125名,高中及中专47名,大专及以上31名。农村居民医学信息获取情况中,获取健康信息的途径,“互联网途径”“医疗机构”占比分别为66.82%、60.45%;利用互联网获取健康信息的途径,“使用搜索引擎直接搜索”占比最高,为56.82%;会使用网络搜索引擎获取健康信息占比分别为82.27%;当前阻碍获取健康信息的外在因素,“提供的途径少”“信息获取不方便”占比51.82%、51.36%;获取健康信息的自身限制因素,“害怕虚假信息”“信息太多,不知道用哪些”占比分别为66.36%、60.00%;查寻健康信息的主要障碍,“信息检索技巧不够”“工作忙,没时间”占比分别为30.91%、29.55%。农民医学信息利用情况中,农村居民在利用健康信息时能考虑健康信息的权威性、真实性、新颖性占比分别为88.18%、92.27%、85.91%。使用健康信息对病情判断者占比较高,为80.91%;理解获取的健康信息内容,大部分理解者占比60.00%;认为可改变现有的不良健康行为占比83.18%。结论农民健康信息行为存在不足,健康管理者积极采取一定措施,促进健康信息行为提升,进而促进健康行为改善。

创新社区健康教育在全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨创新社区健康教育在全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取上海交通大学附属新华医院2016级至2020级全科住院医师48名,在第三年进入社区卫生服务中心后随机分为传统组和创新组开展社区健康教育。传统组采用单人幻灯片演讲,创新组采用创新健康教育。开展6个月后评价两组临床技能和临床沟通能力的差异,并行问卷调查。结果在临床技能评分中,创新组在健康教育方面明显优于传统组(P<0.05)。在临床沟通能力方面,创新组SEGUE量表总分高于传统组[(19.8±2.5)分比(18.8±2.8)分,P<0.05]。在5个维度中,创新组在沟通启动、信息收集、理解患者方面评分均高于传统组(P<0.05)。问卷调查显示创新组均认同创新健康教育较传统方式具有更好的实施效果。结论创新社区健康教育在全科专业住院医师中接受度较高,有助于提高其健康教育能力、沟通能力和科普素养。

公共服务水平对居民健康的影响研究

本文使用2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)和中国统计年鉴数据,构建了多层次Logistic回归模型,验证了公共服务水平与居民健康之间的关系。研究发现:公共服务水平提升对居民健康具有明显的促进作用,但在不同群体中,其作用效果有所不同;公共服务可以调节个体属性对居民健康的影响,公共服务削弱了年龄对居民健康的负向影响,并削弱了户籍和收入对居民健康的正向影响,但强化了性别对居民健康的正向影响,有利于促进健康平等;公共服务水平提升有利于居民树立积极健康观,提升健康素养,形成科学的生活方式,合理使用医疗资源做好疾病预防、及时诊治、愈后康复,进而提升居民健康水平。

基于马斯洛需求层次理论的住院医师规范化培训管理模式探讨

目的 探讨基于马斯洛需求层次理论的住院医师规范化培训管理模式。方法 通过问卷调查,基于马斯洛需求层次理论,结合当前住院医师在不同时期的需求,对调查结果进行分析。结果 通过分析发现,住院医师所处的不同需求阶段中存在共性问题,影响因素集中在年龄、家庭收入、生育情况和每月夜班数,以上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 根据调查结果动态调整该院住培管理方法,有针对性制定激励措施,能够有效调动住院医师的积极性和主动性。

河北省老年人中医养生保健文化现状及对策研究

[目的]了解河北省60—85岁老年人中医养生保健文化现状,分析影响因素,并提出对策。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取河北省11个地级市的常住老年居民2800人进行问卷调查。[结果]回收有效问卷2538份,有效率90.64%。河北省老年人中医养生保健理念和知识的具备率偏低,仅为17.34%,情志养生、时令养生和体质养生具备率较低,分别为28.80%、25.53%、20.96%,城镇老年人各项养生保健具备率均高于乡村老年人;在经穴养生和体质养生方面,女性老年人高于男性老年人;在年龄分布上,60—69岁老年人具备率最高;未患慢性病老年人高于患慢性病老年人。[结论]河北省老年人中医养生保健文化水平仍待提高,乡村老年人、80岁以上老年人及患慢性病老年人是河北省开展老年人中医药健康知识宣传和普及的重点人群。