Health economic evaluation on population-based Helicobacter pylori eradication and endoscopic screening for gastric cancer prevention

Gastric cancer is a global public health burden, nearly one million new cases are diagnosed per year worldwide, of which 44% of cases occur in China. The prognosis of gastric cancer varies remarkably by the stage of cancer, and most of the patients in China are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor prognoses. Effective strategies to reduce the burden of gastric cancer include primary prevention through testing and treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and secondary prevention by screening and early detection. Although many countries have issued management guidelines and consensus reports concerning these strategies, the limited availability of healthcare resources often precludes their widespread implementation. Therefore, assessing the costs, benefits, and harms of population-based intervention measures through health economic evaluation is necessary for informed health policy decisions. Accordingly, we synthesize management approaches from different countries on H. pylori eradication and endoscopic screening, and also summarize recent advancements in health economic evaluations on population-based preventive strategies. The goal of the review is to provide empirical evidence supporting optimal resource allocation, maximizing benefits for the population, and ultimately reducing the burden of gastric cancer.

Economic Evaluation of Gastroscopy for Detecting Gastric Cancer in Chinese Natural Population

Objective To evaluate the economy of detecting gastric cancer by electronic gastroscope in Chinese natural population of different ages and genders.Methods A Markov model was constructed for the population,including both men and women of different ages.The model cycle was one year and the simulation time was 60 years.The cost-effectiveness of electronic gastroscopy in detecting gastric cancer of general population in China was analyzed from the perspective of the whole society,and the stability of the results was verified by sensitivity analysis.Results and Conclusion For the general population,the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)of gastric cancer screening from the age of 50 is 50143 yuan/QALY(quality-adjusted life-year),which is less than two times of per capita gross domestic product(GDP)compared with the screening from the age of 55.For men who start gastric cancer screening at the age of 50,the ICER is 38525 yuan/QALY,which is less than two times of per capita GDP,and it is economical.For women who start the screening from the age of 55,the ICER is 47814 yuan/QALY,which is less than two times of per capita GDP,so it is economical.The results of sensitivity analysis are consistent with the conclusions of basic analysis,and the results of basic analysis are stable.For the general population,it is more economical to start gastric cancer screening from the age of 50,while for men and women,it is more economical to start gastric cancer screening from the age of 50 and 55,respectively.

BRCA1/2基因检测在乳腺癌防治中的卫生经济学评价系统综述

目的评估BRCA基因检测策略在乳腺癌防治中的全球最新成本效果证据,了解不同条件下哪种策略具有性价比,并比较现有的相关卫生经济学评价研究中方法学的异同,为我国BRCA基因检测策略的规划开展和后续原始研究的设计实施提供依据。方法系统检索了2015年3月1日—2020年8月8日国内外已发表的相关文献,总结归纳相关证据,解析纳入研究的建模方法,尤其关注模型结构、模型有效性和不确定性分析,并进行质量评价。结果共纳入17篇文献,涵盖3类BRCA基因检测策略:①面向普通人群(全人群策略);②符合临床或家族历史标准的高危人群(常规策略);③面向乳腺癌或卵巢癌患者(即基于癌症患者的策略)。研究整体质量评价得分较高,以马尔科夫队列模型居多。结论全人群策略和基于癌症患者并结合级联筛查的策略在英国和美国目标人群中更具成本效果优势,但尚未见两者直接比较研究。其他国家人群的相关研究偏少,但普遍表明常规策略或基于癌症患者的策略仍优于不开展任何BRCA检测。后续研究需重点关注对预防性手术的获益和风险、检测技术准确度以及密切影像学监测接受度的充分模拟,并加强模型验证。