长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制研究

目的 了解长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的现状,构建长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,提出完善长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的建议。方法 在文献检索、专家访谈的基础上,设计长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,编制专家咨询问卷,选择18位相关领域专家对长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架的三级主题从重要性、现状完备程度、优化难易程度进行评分,并对专家咨询数据的可靠性进行分析。结果 长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架包括应急指挥决策的跨区域协同机制、监测预警与风险评估的跨区域联防机制、跨区域应急处置的协同响应机制和跨区域联防联控能力建设机制等4个一级主题,分13个二级主题和29个三级主题。专家积极程度为100%。总体专家权威系数Cr=0.86,表明专家咨询的结果具有一定的权威性。专家意见的Kendall W协调系数为0.60,P <0.001,说明专家评估意见一致性高的结果是可信的。各主题条目的重要性得分均数> 3.9,表明本研究框架中的所有主题均比较重要,有继续发展完善的价值,其中现状完备程度较低、优化较易的主题为联席会议制度、区域专家库建设、应急联合会商研判、区域联合预警、密接协查与跨省追踪、信息联合通报与共享、联合复盘与评估、人才交流与互访、联合应急培训、区域应急梯队建设和应急科研合作。结论 长三角区域协同联防联控机制发挥成效需要顶层设计、政策支持、技术专业人员全面深度融合。建议长三角三省一市加强协同监测预警和信息互通共享,强化跨区域协同应急联合处置,加强人员交流和队伍联合培训,深化区域科研合作和标准化建设,发挥优势,引领全国。

上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践与思考:以2020—2022年上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例

目的以上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例,对上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践进行客观评估,总结项目实施经验,完善项目评估机制,强化学科发展与人才培养对上海市健全公共卫生应急管理体系的支撑作用。方法基于学科建设验收评估申请书,通过定量、定性方法对学科建设期间的项目基本情况、学科建设成效、跨机构科研协作、参与公共卫生实践以及人才培养与建设等进行描述和分析。结果各学科团队承担的科研项目级别较高,较好促进了学科创新发展;各学科团队注重公共卫生实践与应用能力建设,实现了科研成果的转化落地;上海市疾病预防控制中心和复旦大学在论文发表合作网络中占据了主要地位,在多部门科研协作中发挥了重要作用;专业机构和高等院校的合作促进了公共卫生复合型人才培养。结论上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养取得了良好成效。

Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM):Developing the Research Field within the Sendai Framework Paradigm

The intersection of health and disaster risk reduction(DRR) has emerged in recent years as a field of critical inquiry.Health is recognized as an outcome and a goal of DRR,and the integration of both fields is essential to ensure the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(Health-EDRM) has emerged as an umbrella field that encompasses emergency and disaster medicine,DRR,humanitarian response,community health resilience,and health systems resilience.In September 2016,an international group of experts met in Hong Kong to assess the current status and potential of the Health-EDRM research field,a research area that these scholars characterized as underdeveloped and fragmented.Key challenges identified include research overlap,lack ofstrategic research agenda,absence of consensus regarding terminology,and limited coordination between stakeholders.The Sendai Framework provides a useful paradigm within which to shape the research field's strategic development.The WHO Thematic Platform for Health-EDRM Research Group was established to coordinate activities,promote information-sharing,develop partnerships,and provide technical advice to strengthen the Health-EDRM research field.This group will promote the generation of robust and scientific health research to support the meaningful implementation of the Sendai Framework.

Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) in Remote Ethnic Minority Areas of Rural China:The Case of a Flood-Prone Village in Sichuan

Remote,rural ethnic-minority communities face greater disaster-related public health risks due to their lack of resources and limited access to health care.The Ethnic Minority Health Project(EMHP) was initiated in 2009 to work with remote,disaster-prone ethnic-minority villages that live in extreme poverty.One of the project's aims is to develop and evaluate bottom-up health risk reduction efforts in emergency and disaster risk management(HealthEDRM).This article shares project updates and describes field intervention results from the Yi ethnic community of Hongyan village in China's Sichuan Province,an area that experiences recurrent floods.It was found that 64% of the village respondents had never considered any form of disaster preparation,even with the recurrent flood risks.Health intervention participants showed sustained knowledge retention and were nine times more likely to know the correct composition of oral rehydration solution(ORS) after the intervention.Participants also retained the improved knowledge on ORS and disaster preparedness kit ownership12 months after the intervention.