Effect of Health Management in Raising Awareness Rate of Disease Prevention and Treatment in Patients with Prehypertension

Objective: To analyze the effect of health management on improving the awareness rate of disease prevention and treatment in patients with prehypertension, so as to provide guidance for clinical management of patients with prehypertension. Methods: 108 patients diagnosed with prehypertension in our hospital were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was not given management measures, while the experimental group was given health management. The incidence of hypertension and cognition level of hypertension knowledge were compared between the two groups after management. Results: The incidence of hypertension in the experimental group was 7.41% lower than that in the control group 29.63%. The cognitive level of hypertension in the patients (66.54 ± 1.25) was significantly higher than that in the patients without health management (41.45 ± 2.45), and P < 0.05;Conclusion: For patients with prehypertension, the implementation of health management is helpful to improve their cognition of hypertension, master related prevention knowledge, and reduce the incidence of hypertension.

Health Awareness: A Significant Factor in Chronic Diseases Prevention and Access to Care

Health literacy and awareness are essential strategies in promoting global health and improving access to care. While seen as an essential tool for promoting population health awareness to improve early detection and treatment of chronic diseases, it is yet to be emphasized in most African countries. Health literacy is an essential practice to promote chronic disease prevention and reduce the growing threat to population health. Incidences and mortalities from chronic diseases commonly arise from limited knowledge of the causative risk factors and access to health facilities. Without knowledge about causes, health impacts, and available health services, people continue to indulge in the habits that worsen their health conditions and fail to access care timely. By using health literacy and awareness as a tool for chronic disease prevention, healthcare professionals will develop strategic health awareness programs that fit the socio-demographics of the population they serve. This article explored the significant role health awareness occupies in individual and community health prevention through health promotion and education. It reviewed the concept and dimensions of chronic disease prevention, cultural beliefs and impact on chronic diseases, gaps created by low health literacy, and the significance of health literacy in disease prevention and health promotion. Furthermore, it recommends that health systems and local communities form partnerships to address common and emerging health problems, and health systems should be properly funded.

Health literacy in kidney disease: Review of the literature and implications for clinical practice

Health literacy is the capacity of an individual to understand information related to a disease in order to make an informed decision. In patients with kidney diseases, studies have reported increasing impact of limited health literacy on health outcomes. Our paper discusses current literature on health literacy in kidney diseases.

The Limits of the Intervention of Public Power in Individual Health Choices——From the Perspective of the Realization of the Right to Health in the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the most important public health problem in the world today,so the focus of public health services should be shifted from the traditional area of communicable diseases to the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Since bad living habits are the most direct cause of chronic diseases,the most effective measure to prevent and control chronic diseases is to promote healthy lifestyles for the individual citizen.The theories of equal health opportunity,the right to health from the perspective of human rights,and determinants of a healthy society provide justified reasons for the intervention of public power in individual health choices.In the current legal system,the intervention of public power is limited to flexible measures such as health education,which shows respect for individual autonomy.However,it is inconsistent with the needs of current public health practice.We should expand diversified intervention means to encourage individuals to make healthy choices under the guidance of the management model.The“ladder of intervention”outlines a panoramic view of the intervention measures available.However,for the selection of specific measures,it is necessary to consider the public health objectives and the invasion of individual freedom,introduce the“legal reservation principle”and“proportionality principle”as policy analysis tools,and reasonably choose intervention measures at different levels on the ladder to properly handle the tension between public power and private rights.

Who should be screened for colorectal cancer and how can it be prevented more effectively?

In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Agatsuma et al in a recent issue of the World J Gastroenterol(2024;30:1368-1376).We firmly concur with Agatsuma et al regarding the vital significance of colorectal cancer(CRC)screening as a public health strategy to diminish disease burden.Individuals exposed to risk factors for CRC,those with comorbid conditions,and those with limited health literacy should undergo screening.However,we believe that more regular screenings should be accompanied by a greater focus on primary prevention(PP)of CRC.CRC remains a significant global health challenge,and its incidence is strongly linked to age,lifestyle,and socioeconomic factors.It is particularly noteworthy that the majority of CRC patients are diagnosed outside of established screening pathways and frequently at an advanced stage of the disease,and the majority of patients possess inadequate or even nonexistent knowledge regarding CRC,which significantly impacts the prognosis and imposes a substantial economic burden.This study revealed that CRC identified during hospital visits for comorbid conditions was typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than detected via symptomatic pathways.Remarkably,early incidental detection of CRC aligns closely with the timing of discovery through routine cancer screenings.This suggests that by adopting more inclusive screening protocols that combine opportunistic testing with traditional screening methods,health care systems can create a more comprehensive safety net for individuals at risk of CRC.However,before maximizing the health benefits of screening programs,it is essential to make additional efforts prior to screening,such as raising awareness via public education,risk assessment,and personalized recommendations,enhancing the knowledge and skills of health care professionals,optimizing the accessibility and convenience of screening processes,ensuring the quality and safety of screening services,strengthening follow-up and support systems,and providing policy support and financial investment.The establishment of a comprehensive screening system often requires substantial investment in human,material,and financial resources,which can be challenging to achieve in regions with limited health care resources.Strengthening PP strategies can reduce the disease burden by targeting the cause,representing a more cost-effective and impactful approach.Establishing a comprehensive cancer PP service platform that integrates authoritative public education on malignant tumor PP,individualized malignant tumor risk assessment,and self-health management assistance accessible to the entire population will significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of CRC PP strategies.

High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases——The key to an efficient exercise protocol

Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.

Tea in cardiovascular health and disease:a critical appraisal of the evidence

The findings of various epidemiological studies,interventions using randomized controlled trials and mechanistic experiments have suggested a protective role of tea and its bioactive components in cardiovascular health.The potential of tea in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)has therefore attracted increasing research interest.Polyphenols,in particular flavonoids,found in both green and black tea,have been suggested to play a primary role in the reduction of CVD risk.While promising results regarding the effects of tea on blood pressure and other CVD-related biomarkers have been found in preclinical experiments,the effects demonstrated in human studies are modest and less satisfactory.This discrepancy may be explained,at least in part,by different research strategies used in human and animal research.However,since tea is globally one of the most commonly consumed beverages,even small beneficial effects in humans may shift the population distribution of CVD risk,with major implications for public health.However,research conducted to date does not yield sufficiently robust evidence to allow a recommendation as to an optimal level of tea consumption as an element of health policies seeking to prevent hypertension and improve cardiovascular health.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and global mental health

The mental health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic may shape population health for many years to come.Failure to address the mental health issues stemming from the pandemic is likely to prolong its impact.The COVID-19 pandemic has created a significant global challenge and,in lower-income countries,even a disruption of mental health services.Given our experience with previous pandemics,the present COVID-19 crisis can be expected to cause psychological trauma,and steps are needed to address this issue proactively.Policies focusing on the long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 may equal the importance of those currently seeking to mitigate its physical effects.The implications of the GOVID-19 pandemic for mental health call for a greater focus on the needs of those with mental disorders and on mental health issues affecting health care workers and the general public.Timely preventive and therapeutic mental health care is essential in addressing the psychosocial needs of populations exposed to the pandemic.In addition to specialist care,"task-shifting"and digital technologies may provide cost-effective means of providing mental health care in lower-income countries worldwide as well as in higher-income countries with mental health services overwhelmed by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.In view of the ever-increasing pressure on global health systems resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic,adopting and adapting"task-shifting",i.e.,the delegation of psychotherapeutic interventions to trained non-specialists,as an element of the provision of mental health services,is overdue.Digital technologies can be used to enhance social support and facilitate resilience to the detrimental mental health effects of the pandemic;they may also offer an efficient and cost-effective way to provide easy access to mentalhealth care.

Awareness, self-management behaviors, health literacy and kidney function relationships in specialty practice

AIM To determine the relationship between chronic kidney disease(CKD) awareness(CKD-A), self-management behaviors(CKD-SMB) knowledge, performance of CKDSMBs, health literacy(HL) and kidney function. METHODS Participants were eligible patients attending an outpatient nephrology clinic. Participants were administered: Newest Vital Sign to measure HL, CKD self-managementknowledge tool(CKD-SMKT) to assess knowledge, past performance of CKD-SMB, CKD-A. Estimated GFR(e GFR) was determined using the MDRD-4 equation. Duration of clinic participation and CKD cause were extracted from medical charts. RESULTS One-hundred-fifty patients participated in the study. e GFRs ranged from 17-152 m L/min per 1.73 m2. Majority(83%) of respondents had stage 3 or 4 CKD, low HL(63%), and were CKD aware(88%). Approximately 40%(10/25) of patients in stages 1 and 2 and 6.4%(8/125) in stages 3 and 4 were unaware of their CKD. CKD-A differed with stage(P < 0.001) but not by HL level, duration of clinic participation, or CKD cause. Majority of respondents(≥ 90%) correctly answered one or more CKD-SMKT items. Knowledge of one behavior, "controlling blood pressure" differed significantly by CKD-A. CKD-A was associated with past performance of two CKD-SMBs, "controlling blood pressure"(P = 0.02), and "keeping healthy body weight"(P = 0.01). Adjusted multivariate analyses between CKD-A and:(1) HL; and(2) CKD-SMB knowledge were nonsignificant. However, there was a significant relationship between CKD-A and kidney function after controlling for demographics, HL, and CKD-SMB(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CKD-A is not associated with HL, or better CKD-SMBs. CKD-A is significantly associated with kidney function and substantially lower e GFR, suggesting the need for focused patient education in CKD stages 1.

China's Medium-to-Long Term Plan for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases (2017-2025) under the Healthy China Initiative

A new milestone in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases The General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the 'Medium-to-Long Term Plan of China for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases (2017-2025)' (here-inafter referred to as'Plan') on January 22, 2017.

Influence of Probiotic Fermented Fruit and Vegetables on Human Health and the Related Industrial Development Trend

The paper briefly discusses the relationship between chronic diseases and gut health,and points out that an imbalance of intestinal microflora and an inadequate intake of dietary fiber are two important causes of chronic diseases.This paper also summarizes the research status of probiotic fermented fruit and vegetables,and discusses the main achievements of our group in this field and future developments of the related industry.The application of fermentation technology to fruit and vegetable processing and the development of a series of probiotic fermented fruit and vegetable products not only increase the added value of fruit and vegetables,but also organically combine probiotics and their active metabolites with prebiotics(dietary fiber,etc.),thereby promoting intestinal health as well as preventing and relieving chronic diseases.Fermentation technology provides a new approach to the study of the effect of probiotics on human health,and will have a revolutionary influence on probiotic application and on the fruit and vegetable processing industry.Thus,fruit and vegetable fermentation technology has excellent market potential.

Investigation of Relationship with Health Problems and Environmental Problems in the Silivri District of Istanbul

The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between health and environmental problems in the district of Istanbul. This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire study that was conducted in the Silivri among the dates of 25th May-24th July, 2015. Questionnaires were conducted from 221 people living in Silivri with face to face interviews by researchers. Most of participants （82.4%） thought the presence of hazardous environmental factors deteriorated their health （n = 182）. Water pollution （48.4%, n = 107） and absence of free water （50.7%, n = 112） were the most common complaints of the participants. Analyzing distribution of factors which disrupt health and history of chronic disease to urban and rural areas revealed more complaints about those factors and diseases in the rural areas than urban areas. The most common chronic diseases diagnosed were hypertension （15.8%, n = 35）, chronic lung diseases （10.4%, n = 23）, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Silivri people reported a lot of environmental problems which impair the public health. People living in villages close to industrial zone and seas which have marine pollution have more history of diseases and report more factors that negatively influence the health than people living in urban area.

Preventive online and offline health management intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, ovarian polycystic changes, and irregular ovulation, often occurring in women of childbearing age for whom it can be a cause of infertility. Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis dysregulation is important in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the associated chronic excess of sex hormones can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and malignancies such as endometrial cancer, and breast cancer. At present, most scholars agree that lifestyle interventions in conjunction with drug treatment can help PCOS patients achieve their goals of successful pregnancy and childbirth.AIM To investigate the clinical effect of an online and offline(O2O) preventive health management model on PCOS with kidney deficiency and phlegm dampness.METHODS A total of 82 patients with PCOS of the kidney deficiency and phlegm dampness type who were admitted to Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with oral Diane-35 for 3 mo and received preventive O2O medical health management for 6 mo(including eating and living, exercise, drug management). The control group was treated with oral Diane-35 for 3 mo and completed outpatient health education. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score, acne score, hair score, sex hormone level and clinical effects were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. RESULTS After treatment, the TCM syndrome score, acne score, and serum luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone level were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P < 0.05). After 3 mo of treatment, the TCM syndrome curative effect index in the treatment group was 97.30% compared to 54.05% in the control group(P < 0.05), whereas the total treatment effect in the treatment group was 91.89%, compared to 54.05% in the control group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION An integrated therapeutic approach incorporating medication, TCM methods and social media is more effective than standard treatment for PCOS.

新发展阶段我国体卫融合的内在逻辑与价值使命

面对人类疾病谱的变化,“深化体卫融合,推动健康关口前移”是应对未来疾病防控的全新趋势,更是实现健康中国、体育强国建设目标的重要支撑。研究认为:依据体育和医疗卫生在健康促进方面的服务侧重点,厘清了处于健康状态时需要以“体育为主、医卫为辅”的主动性预防,亚健康状态时需要“体育与医卫相互调整”的协调性预防或“医卫治疗、体育调节”的沟通性防治,以及不健康状态时需要以“医卫治疗为主、体育康复为辅”的通力配合的体卫融合的内在逻辑;提出了体卫融合的价值使命,即把握健康促进新认知、应对慢性疾病防控新变化、转变医疗卫生新角色、肩负体育责任新使命。

Factors influencing Medication Literacy in Chinese Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: insights from the MLS-22 scale

Background:The role of the patient’s medication literacy is crucial in ensuring the efficacy of the treatment for nephrotic syndrome(NS).It is imperative to identify and examine instances of inadequate medication literacy in order to effectively manage NS.This study aimed to detect the low medication literacy in Chinese NS children using the 22-item Medication Literacy Scale(MLS-22)and to further analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study involved consecutive sampling of 157 Chinese children with NS.Interviewer-led questionnaires were used to collect data.Firstly,the MLS-22 was evaluated for reliability and validity.Secondly,the medication literacy level was assessed,and factors related to low scores were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results:MLS-22 proved reliable and valid for detection at a low level in NS children.The tertile was divided into low-level and medium/high-level medication literacy.It was found that the scores of NS children averaged 13.06.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that parents of children with primary NS and congenital NS had lower medication literacy scores,which were related to parents with less than high school education.Conclusions:Healthcare providers should develop tailored strategies to effectively assist Chinese children with limited medication literacy in managing chronic diseases.

医保支付方式由治病向健康转型—先期探讨研究

为系统讨论医保支付方式改革驱动由治病向健康转型的可能性和实践模式,以目标—发展重点透视矩阵作为分析框架,以慢性病为切入点,基于安徽省医共体慢性病打包支付的案例,探讨中国情境下的以健康为导向的医保支付方式改革的路径和方法。研究发现,伴随人口结构和社会需求的变化,在理念层面上,医保支付政策已体现出由治病向健康转型的态势,医保支付政策的内容、形式、载体趋向多样化。目前中国复合式医保支付框架已经建立,但改革内容和进展不平衡,尚未发挥向健康转型的激励引领作用。持续推进医保支付方式改革并对改革内容进行适应性调整,将是下一阶段工作的重点。

2021—2023年龙游县居民慢性病防治素养水平调查分析

目的:了解2021—2023年浙江省龙游县居民慢性病防治素养水平的具体情况,为今后龙游县开展慢性病防治工作提供依据。方法:2021—2023年,采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,对龙游县15~69周岁常住人口(不含集体居住人口)进行问卷调查。结果:2021—2023年龙游县居民慢性病防治素养水平分别为31.81%、41.08%、47.85%。不同人口学特征的居民慢性病防治素养水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中男性慢性病防治素养水平高于女性,慢性病防治素养水平随年龄增加而下降,随文化程度和家庭年收入升高而上升;农民和工人慢性病防治素养水平较低,学生慢性病防治素养水平最高,城市居民慢性病防治素养水平高于农村居民。回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭年收入、居住地和是否慢性病为居民慢性病防治素养水平的影响因素。结论:龙游县居民慢性病防治素养水平总体呈上升趋势,应注重膳食营养、慢性病患者自我管理、控烟、运动等薄弱点的健康教育,对女性、中老年人、低文化程度者、农民、工人、低收入者和慢性病患者开展有针对性的健康素养提升工作。

健康赋权教育对中老年慢性病病人健康管理行为的影响

目的:观察健康赋权教育对中老年慢性病病人健康管理行为的影响。方法:选择江苏省南京医科大学第二附属医院老年医学科2021年8月—2022年12月接诊的200例中老年慢性病病人为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,每组100例。对照组采取常规宣教,观察组在对照组基础上应用健康赋权教育,干预结束1周后采用慢性病病人健康素养量表、成年人健康自我管理测评量表测定病人健康素养水平和自我管理行为。结果:观察组病人健康素养量表各维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05),自我管理行为评价优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对中老年慢性病病人实施健康赋权教育,能提高病人健康素养水平,有助于规范其自我管理行为。

治未病理念在心理健康教育中的应用

目的将中医治未病理念融入心理健康教育并评价其效果。方法从湖北中医药大学校2020级随机抽选两个班级共101名学生为观察组,以中医治未病心理健康教育方案为指导开展教育活动;随机抽选另外两个平行班级共98名学生作为对照组,根据学校常规心理健康计划开展教育活动。比较两组学生中医心理健康状态和心理健康水平。结果实验后,观察组SCL-90总分和因子评分显著降低,且观察组SCL-90总分及“躯体化”“抑郁”“焦虑”“敌对”4个因子评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组学生对方案的满意度为82.18%(83/101)~100.00%(101/101)。结论中医治未病心理健康教育能有效改善学生的心理健康状态,提升心理健康教育效果和学生满意度。

基于中医“治未病”理念谈慢性病健康管理模式的构建

慢性病是目前严重危害社会发展的重点公共卫生问题之一,建立并完善慢性病健康管理模式是当前医疗工作的重中之重。中医“治未病”理念延续千年,涵义丰富,发挥中医药特色优势,将该理念与现代慢性病健康管理模式相融合,建立起中医特色慢性病健康管理模式,对于改善慢性病患者的生活质量有着重要的指导意义。同时,亦为当前慢性病健康管理模式的完善提供了新的思路。