Leveraging on Flock Dynamics and Farmers’ Production Constraints in Designing Flock Health Program for Accelerated Goat Production

Compliance with appropriate flock health program is vital for preventing introduction and minimizing impact of diseases in goat farms. Unfortunately, most goat farms in Uganda, especially in the Albertine Graben Zone lack flock health program. The associated frequent outbreaks slow down effort aimed at commercializing goat production. In this study, we documented flock dynamics, identified and prioritized pressing challenges experienced by goat farms during the year 2022 and generated appropriate flock health program and packaged it for dissemination to farmers. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed with MS Excel 2013. The data included: location and socio-demographics of household, farming system, flock dynamics, housing, feeding system, health management, challenges encountered by goat farm and suggested solutions. Results: Beginning January 2022 to December 2022, the number of goats reared in all the 45 sample farms increased from 2128 to 2220 goats. Results showed that 884 kids were produced and 88 breeding goats were introduced into the farms. Three hundred ninety-nine goats died due to mainly diseases and 435 goats got withdrawn through nondeath. The average farm level and overall mortality rate were 21 goats per 1000 goatmonths and 15 goats per 1000 goatmonths respectively. The most pressing challenges encountered by sample farms were death of goats especially due to diseases, poor access to veterinary extension services, high cost of inputs and feed scarcity. Solutions suggested by sample farms were improved access to veterinary services, improved housing, enhanced vaccination of goats against diseases, and enhanced grazing land management and feed conservation, all of which were incorporated into the flock health program. Conclusion and Recommendations: An appropriate flock health program was generated based on flock dynamics and production constraints which reveal high mortality and limited access to veterinary services respectively. Actors are recommended to promote adoption and adherence to the flock health program so as to increase goat production and access to wider market.

A Modern Framework of Adolescence Health Programs

Adolescence represents a sensitive time period during an individual’s development during which physical, psychological, and social risk factors for non-communicable diseases are established. As such, there is a necessity to engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes that will affect their future health. This paper describes the need for more innovative and transversal actions, starting from the utility of a multidisciplinary and systemic approach to health. One way in which this can be achieved is by shifting adolescent health programs (AHPs) from a clinically oriented to an education-based model. In particular, AHPs need to consider a personalized and systemic approach to the well-being of adolescents in order to potentiate their strengths and improve weaknesses, enhancing self-esteem, empowerment, and resilience. This is in line with the complexity of human physiology and psychology, as well as scientific evidence showing that several factors significantly influence health status including lifestyle, social context, emotional experiences, and cognitive skills, as demonstrated by the AVATAR Project (“A new purpose for promotion and eVAluation of healTh and well-being Among healthy teenageRs”). This project—which provides a new framework for AHPs—was carried out in Italy and enrolled healthy students as subjects, and aimed to promote well-being in adolescents using a systemic and multistake-holder approach that involved creating a network composed of the different figures and environments around adolescents and moving toward a more school-based and student-centered approach to adolescent health education.

Operations of school health program assessment at selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area,Benin City,Nigeria

Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard.Therefore,this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area(LGA),Benin City,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA.A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives.Data collected were analyzed using percentages,means,and standard deviation.Results:This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness,the actualization of its objective was found to be poor,and this was found to be related with the lack of government support,lack of needed personnel and materials,lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.Conclusion:In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP.The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services,and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.

Mental disorders and sociodemographic variables in pop-ulation assisted by the Family Health Program in Brazil

Objectives: This paper aims to estimate the associations between common mental disorders (CMD) as well as cases of alcohol abuse/dependence (ADD) with sociodemographic variables in population assisted by Family Health Program (FHP) in Santa Cruz do Sul, Southern Brazil. Methods: All residents over 14 years of age from 3 areas assisted by the FHP were invited to participate between 10 February 2006 to 10 February 2007. Results: Of 2921 participants, the prevalence estimates of suspected cases of CMD and ADD were 29.93% and 12.07%, respectively. Female, unfavorable employment situation, low schooling and low income showed a positive and independent association with CMD. Male, unfavorable employment situation and CMD showed an independent association with ADD. Conclusions: Groups with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions present the highest risk and should be taken into account when planning public mental health policies.

Farmer Preferences in Choosing Health Programs with Insurance Components

During the current economic transition, a number of cooperative medical insurance programs were tested in different rural regions in China. However, the programs did not extended to all parts of the country. In 1998, the cooperative medical system covered 22.2 percent of the population in high-income areas, but only less than 3 percent of the population in less developed areas (Editorial Committee of Health Almanac, 1999). These facts raise the following questions:

Improving Health Services for Rural Pregnant and Lying-in Women——Achievements in the Reproductive Health Program of Chinese Women

FROM 1992 to 1997, the All-China Women’s Federation organized and implemented a reproductive health program for Chinese women, which was sponsored by the American Ford Foundation. The program was divided into two phases. The first phase, lasting from 1992 to 1994, focused on locating problems and studying them. Women’s federations from 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions throughout China formed a research group and conducted extensive studies in a variety of fields while cooperating with experts from sociology,

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Integrated Intervention Program in Improving Drug Addicts' Psychological Health

Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts＇ psychological health. Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts＇ psychological health： before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales （CPSS） had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ＇s positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts＇ social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts＇ psychological health significantly.

Hospice and Palliative Care Services in South Korea Supported by the National Health Insurance (NHI) Program

Previous main body of research on end-life-care in South Korea has focused on developing services quality in hospital settings or service payment system in National Health Insurance Program. The delivery system of hospice and palliative care services has evolved in diverse ways but there is little research on reviewing the past history of development and whole picture of them so far. So, the aim of this study is to review the old hospice and palliative care system and also to introduce the current one supported by the National Health Insurance Program in South Korea. The palliative care or hospice services in South Korea have been available in diverse settings and provided by different organizations (i.e. catholic hospitals or charity organizations). Finally, it was set up in 2004 that the hospice team or official Palliative Care Units (PCUs) was established in hospitals, in order to meet the end-of-life care for the patients with terminal cancer under the Cancer Control Act. The current hospice and palliative care services such as pain management, bereavement services, and counselling can be reimbursed by National Health Insurance program since 2008. Nevertheless hospice and palliative care services are available to dying patients, yet the utilization rate of hospice and palliative care services or the length of stay in the palliative care unit (PCU) is still relatively short compared to other country systems. South Korea is undergoing several efforts to expand the services in PCU along with the development of quality indicators for PCU. Hospice and palliative care services are still new in the health care system and unfamiliar to the public so it requires raising awareness for medical professionals and the public as well as further research.

A nurse-led occupational health promotion program for farmers

Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India.A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms.Janice Dees(1984)inspired from Orem’s self-care theory.The interventions included are range of motion exercise,progressive muscle relaxation technique,foot and palm massage,and literacy on safety practices.The wellness of field farmers is expected by following this program plan.

Nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed

Preconception Care Health Education for Female Workers of Reproductive Age in Japan Evaluation up to 6 Months after the Program

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC knowledge and awareness and behaviors before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar. Methods: A small group health education seminar was implemented using leaflets for 84 female workers of reproductive age, age 20 to 35 years old, and an intervention by group discussion and feedback was provided. Of these participants, 60 (71%) who provided valid survey responses were included in the analysis. The primary outcome indicators were PCC knowledge, PCC awareness and behaviors, and a food frequency questionnaire, and the secondary outcome indicators were self-efficacy and the health awareness and stress management subscales of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale. The survey was conducted three times, before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar, and the results were compared. Results: The percentage of individuals with PCC knowledge was significantly increased at 3 months after the seminar as compared with before the seminar, and it remained at this level even at 6 months after the seminar. The percentage of individuals with PCC awareness and behaviors was significantly increased for the items actively eat foods containing folic acid, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 3 months after the seminar and for the items eat well-balanced meals, make the mind active, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 6 months after the seminar. Furthermore, the score for the health awareness subscale of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale was significantly increased at 6 months after the seminar. Conclusion: The health education program established PCC knowledge at 6 months after the seminar and improved some PCC awareness and behaviors. Therefore, it was suggested that the program would be effective for education of PCC for female workers of reproductive age.

Implementing and Popularizing Health Clinics and Educational Programs in NJ School Areas for Supporting NJ Pregnant Teenagers

This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and childbearing.Without the early intervention of educational programs and preventive medical services which should be implemented in school areas,teen pregnancy and childbearing can have physical and emotional health influences on teen mothers,their babies and other family members,and the worst consequence should be abortion.What’s more,teenage pregnancy and childbearing have substantial economic consequence for state.The annual estimated cost associated with teen childbearing (teens 19 and younger) in NJ to taxpayers is at least $167 million in 2004 (24% federal costs and 76% state and local costs).Studies demonstrated that a much larger amount of money is spent on the consequences of teenage pregnancy than on prevention.NJ has an opportunity to invest in prevention and reduce not only the monetary but also the societal costs to our youth burdened by the often overwhelming responsibilities of teenage pregnancy and parenting.According to the 15 years follow-up research and data analyzing,two models of success which specifically implemented in South Carolina high schools and Chicago public schools have been proved to effectively reduce incidence of repeat pregnancy and emergency room visits,reduce incidence of teen mothers smoking during pregnancy,improve emotional outcomes among teen mothers,decrease incidence of teen mothers drug impairment,arrest,conviction,or jail time and reduce use of food stamps and other public assistances,which can consequently increase the state public health costs.In order to support teen mothers’ academic,physical,emotional and social needs in a stable and consistent school environment,the plan which titled "Physical and Mental Health Promotion for NJ Teen Mothers" is effective and practical enough to arouse the attention of some relevant departments.It’s worth patron to fund the plan because supporting teenage pregnancy at early stage can subsequently benefit the national and state economy and teen mothers.

Use of the IRT Model to Validate Test Items from a Technology Assisted Health Coaching Program

Item Response Theory (IRT) models have been extensively used in the field of education to identify link between a response to a test item and underlying latent capability of the test taker. We demonstrate the benefit of using IRT model to analyze health data using data from M. chat program such that statisticians can use the method in lieu of traditional methods including Cronbach’s alpha, discriminant analysis and factor analysis. M. chat is a technology based health coaching program and the baseline survey from the participants in the program includes response in different but correlated domains of diet, social habits, leisure practices, mental health, substance abuse, self-sufficiency and medication adherence. We analyzed baseline data from 416 subjects using IRT models. Our results indicated that responses pertaining to alcohol and substance abuse were the most discriminating items with an average discrimination estimate of approximately 4.99 whereas the least discriminating items were the diet habits, with an average estimate of -0.476.

Application of Mindsets to Health Education and Behavior Change Programs

Successful health promotion programs are characterized in part, by the willingness of audiences to engage, participate, and adopt healthier behaviors. But presentation of messages that reach and resonate with the intended audience remains challenging. This is due in part to the variety of mindsets—viewpoints, attitudes, and beliefs—within a population. These mindsets play an essential role in understanding and predicting behaviors and lifestyle factors associated with health or chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how a specific survey-based method of mindset segmentation can distinguish predominant mindsets and then be used to create, adapt, and/or market health programs to appeal to these mindsets. Steps in survey construction, distribution, and analysis are described. Interpretation of the results, yielding three primary mindsets, is the critical outcome of this segmentation method. The applications of this interpretation to community health education programs are suggested. This approach has potential to inform, enhance, or customize programs, tailoring activities, methods, and messages to the preferences of the community.

广州市“十二五”与“十三五”期间利福平耐药肺结核患者发现与治疗情况分析

目的:分析广州市“十二五”与“十三五”结核病防治规划期间利福平耐药肺结核(RR-PTB)患者发现与治疗情况,为进一步制定本地区RR-PTB防治规划提供科学依据。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病信息管理系统”,按照登记时间导出2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日,即“十二五”(2011—2015年)和“十三五”(2016—2020年)规划期间广州市登记的肺结核患者耐药病案数据(包括性别、年龄、民族、职业、户籍、耐药类型、治疗分类等相关信息),筛选出利福平耐药患者病案,分析患者登记、人群特征、耐药筛查和治疗转归情况。结果:2011—2020年,RR-PTB患者年均登记率为0.71/10万(1152/16286.08万),从2011年的0.31/10万(42/1346.32万)上升至2015年的0.38/10万(60/1594.95万)和2020年的0.97/10万(182/1874.03万),呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=256.395,P<0.001)。其中,“十二五”期间年均登记率为0.34/10万(250/7358.06万),不同年份登记率的差异无统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=4.674,P=0.322);“十三五”期间年均登记率为1.01/10万(902/8928.02万),不同年份登记率的差异有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=38.439,P<0.001)。1152例患者中,以男性(851例,73.87%)、25~34岁青壮年(257例,22.31%)和家政家务及待业(364例,31.60%)为主;流动人口、初治、RR-PTB(除异烟肼耐药)、广泛耐药肺结核比例分别从“十二五”的8.80%(22/250)、11.20%(28/250)、0.00%(0/250)和0.00%(0/250)上升到“十三五”的54.43%(491/902)、37.14%(335/902)、19.84%(179/902)和0.78%(7/902),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=91.370、298.740、97.915、34.096,P值均<0.001)。广州市耐药肺结核高危人群筛查率由2017年的60.91%(148/243)上升至2020年的98.95%(568/574),新发/初治病原学阳性肺结核耐药应筛查率由2018年的83.93%(1410/1680)提高到2020年的94.99%(3222/3392),差异均有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=425.043、269.670,P值均<0.001)。纳入治疗、完成治疗和治疗成功的患者比例分别从“十二五”的81.20%(203/250)、2.46%(5/203)和45.81%(93/203)提高到“十三五”的91.02%(821/902)、33.62%(276/821)和67.48%(554/821),治疗失败患者比例从17.73%(36/203)降低至2.68%(22/821),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.112、86.809、46.636、58.572,P值均<0.001)。结论:在“十二五”与“十三五”规划期间,广州市RR-PTB的防治工作取得了显著的成效。下一步工作中需继续坚持政府主导、多部门合作和全社会共同参与的原则,切实落实结核病防治规划要求,加强结核病防治服务体系建设。

Level of Insomnia, Symptoms of Depression, and Anxiety among College Students with Mobile Phone Addiction: Basis for Guidance and Counseling Program Enhancement

Mobile phone addiction is a growing concern among college students, with significant implications for their mental health. This study examines the complex relationship between mobile phone addiction and its impact on college students’ insomnia, symptoms of depression, and anxiety. A sample of 399 college students from traditional Chinese medicine colleges in Guangxi, China, completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale questionnaire. Among them, 155 students with high Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency scores were selected for the correlation study. The analysis revealed a strong association between mobile phone addiction and insomnia. Furthermore, mobile phone addiction was significantly associated with symptoms of depression, including feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness, as well as heightened anxiety symptoms, such as excessive worry and restlessness. These findings emphasized the importance of targeted interventions and preventive measures to address the negative impact of mobile phone addiction on college students’ mental health.

加拿大公共图书馆的健康信息服务项目

调查分析加拿大公共图书馆开展健康信息服务现状,可为“健康中国”战略下公共图书馆全面推进健康信息服务提供借鉴。文章通过网络调研,从项目类型、主题内容、合作对象、项目特色等方面对14个公共图书馆的健康信息服务项目展开分析;建议我国公共图书馆从项目运行常态化、服务共建深度化、内容供给侧优化、健康服务精准化和打造健康生态圈等方面全面推进健康信息服务,以提高个人和社会的健康与福祉水平。

马里鲁班工坊:海外医药卫生人才培养方案的创新探索

马里共和国医疗卫生基础薄弱,当地传统医学理论体系尚不完善,医药卫生人才培养模式单一,现代化教学资源较为匮乏。马里鲁班工坊——一种全新机制的人才培养方案巧妙地解决了上述问题。文章从马里鲁班工坊的建设背景、建设意义、建设模式、建设成效、建设经验及未来展望等6个方面介绍了马里鲁班工坊对于马里医药卫生人才培养的探索与创新,也为我国建立中医药类鲁班工坊提供了依据。

提质培优导向下辽宁省民俗性冰雪康养项目建设路径研究

近年来冰雪旅游持续火热,尤其是“冰雪+康养”旅游形式受到广大消费者的追捧。辽宁省民俗性冰雪康养资源尤为丰富,发展民俗性冰雪康养项目优势明显,通过对辽宁省民俗性冰雪康养资源的布散景式进行分析,归纳出民俗性冰雪文化资源的分布特征和冰雪温泉资源的布局现状。为提升辽宁省民俗性冰雪康养项目的发展质量,以“提质培优”理念为导向对项目建设提出以下路径:以优质服务供给为手段,打造项目的良好口碑;以生态环境保护为依托,实现项目建设的质量升级;以打造优质项目品牌为保障,提高游客的消费质量;以高质量发展为目标,融入辽宁省经济发展序列。旨在通过对辽宁省冰雪康养资源的有效开发与高效利用,打造民俗性冰雪康养项目优质品牌,推动辽宁省冰雪经济的高质量发展。

Nurse Mentor Training Program to Improve Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care at Primary Health Centres: Process Evaluation

Quality of maternal and newborn care could be improved if health care providers’ knowledge and competencies as well as system level constraints are addressed. However, due to several barriers staff nurses who form the frontline of health care workforce have limited access to enhancing their clinical knowledge and competencies. To address this gap, a new cadre of nurse mentors (NMs) for the public health system were trained by specialists from a teaching hospital in a special 5-week training course. This included 54 hours of theory and 110 hours of practical in clinical obstetric and newborn care, apart from mentoring, quality improvement and health systems issues. The nurse mentors were assigned to support staff nurses in the primary health care centres (PHCs) in eight northern Karnataka districts. Each NM covered 6-8 PHCs monthly for 2 - 3 days and thus a total of 385 PHCs were reached. They received support in the field through supportive supervision visits done by the specialists who had trained them, as well as by refresher training and clinical postings to the district hospitals. This paper presents impact of the training program on change in immediate and long term knowledge and competency scores of nurse mentors. Their baseline knowledge scores changed from 44.3 ± 12.7 to 72.1 ± 13.8 immediately after the training in obstetric and from 18.2 ± 19.1 to 66.4 ± 14.9 in newborn (p p p > 0.05). Skills score soon after training increased from 62.2 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 12.5 in obstetric after a 1 year period and from 52.6 ± 9.3;63.5 ± 14.4 in newborn (p < 0.001) content areas respectively. These findings have implications for those interested in improving quality of maternal and child care through nurse-dependent health delivery systems.