NON-SYNDROMIC HEARING LOSS AND HIGH- THROUGHPUT STRATEGIES TO DECIPHER ITS GENETIC HETEROGENEITY

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound HL in both ears. Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey indicate that nearly 31 million of all non-institutionalized adults (aged 18 and over) in the United States have trouble hearing. Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50%of profound HL can be attributed to genetic causes. With over 60 genes implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss, it is also an extremely het-erogeneous trait. Recent progress in identifying genes responsible for hearing loss enables otolaryngologists and other clinicians to apply molecular diagnosis by genetic testing. The advent of the $1000 genome has the potential to revolutionize the identification of genes and their mutations underlying genetic disorders. This is especially true for extremely heterogeneous Mendelian conditions such as deafness, where the muta-tion, and indeed the gene, may be private. The recent technological advances in target-enrichment methods and next generation sequencing offer a unique opportunity to break through the barriers of limitations im-posed by gene arrays. These approaches now allow for the complete analysis of all known deafness-causing genes and will result in a new wave of discoveries of the remaining genes for Mendelian disorders. This re-view focuses on describing genotype-phenotype correlations of the most frequent genes including GJB2, which is responsible for more than half of cases, followed by other common genes and on discussing the im-pact of genomic advances for comprehensive genetic testing and gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss.

Early detection of noise-induced hearing loss

BACKGROUND Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is the second most common acquired hearing loss following presbycusis.Exposure to recreational noise and minimal use of hearing protection increase the prevalence of NIHL in young females.NIHL is irreversible.Identifying minor hearing pathologies before they progress to hearing problems that affect daily life is crucial.AIM To compare the advantages and disadvantages of extended high frequency(EHF)and otoacoustic emission and determine an indicator of hearing pathologies at the early sub-clinical stage.METHODS This cross-sectional study was implemented in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May to September 2019.A total of 86 participants,aged 18-22 years,were recruited to establish normative thresholds for EHF.Another 159 adults,aged 18-25 years with normal hearing(0.25-8 kHz≤25 dBHL),were allocated to low noise and noise exposure groups.Distortion otoacoustic emission(DPOAE),transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE),and EHF were assessed in the two groups to determine the superior technique for detecting early-stage noise-induced pathologies.The chi-square test was used to assess the noise and low noise exposure groups with respect to extended high-frequency audiometry(EHFA),DPOAE,and TEOAE.P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A total of 86 participants(66 females and 20 males)aged between 18 and 22(average:20.58±1.13)years were recruited to establish normative thresholds for EHF.The normative thresholds for 9,10,11.2,12.5,14,16,18,and 20 kHz were 15,10,20,15,15,20,28,and 0 dBHL,respectively.A total of 201 participants were recruited and examined for eligibility.Among them,159 adults aged between 18 and 25 years were eligible in this study.No statistical difference was detected between the noise exposure and the low noise exposure groups using EHFA,DPOAE,and TEOAE(P>0.05)except in the right ear at 4 kHz using TEOAE(abnormal rate 20.4%vs 5.2%,respectively;P=0.05).CONCLUSION These results showed TEOAE as the earliest indicator of minor pathology compared to DPOAE and EHFA.However,a multicenter controlled study or prospective study is essential to verify these results.

Identification of two novel missense WFS1 mutations,H696Y and R703H,in patients with non-syndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss

Non-syndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss （LFSNHL） is an unusual type of hearing loss in which frequencies ≤2000 Hz predominantly are affected. To date, different mutations in two genes, DIAPHI and WFSI, have been found to be associated with LFSNHL. Here, we report a five-generation Chinese family with postlingual and progressive LFSNHL. We mapped the disease locus to a 2.5 Mb region on chromosome 4p16 between markers SNP_A-2167174 and D4S431, overlapping with the DFNA6/14/38 locus. Sequencing of candidate gene revealed a heterozygous c.2086C〉T substitution in exon 8 of WFS1, leading to p.H696Y substitution at the C-terminus of Wolframin （WFS 1）. In addition, we performed mutational screening of WFS1 in 37 sporadic patients, 7--50 years of age, with LFSNHL. We detected a heterozygous c.2108G〉A substitution in exon 8 of WFSI, leading to p.R703H substitution in a patient. The H696 and R703 in WFS1 are highly conserved across species, including human, orangutan, rat, mouse, and frog （Xenopus）, Sequence analysis demonstrated the absence of c.2086C〉T or c.210gG〉A substitutions in the WFS1 genes among 200 unrelated control subjects of Chinese background, supporting the hypothesis that they represent causative mutations, and not rare polymorphisms. Our data provide additional molecular and clinical information for establishing a better genotype-phenotype correlation for LFSNHL.

The Effect of a High-Frequency-Hearing-Threshold Weighted Value on the Diagnosis of Occupational-Noise-Induced Deafness

Objective: In order to provide a theoretical basis for the revision of the current diagnostic criteria for occupational noise-induced deafness (ONID), we evaluated the degree of ONID by analyzing different high-frequency-hearing- threshold-weighted values (HFTWVs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the diagnosis of patients with ONID from January 2016 to January 2017 in Guangdong province, China. Based on 3 hearing tests (each interval between the tests was greater than 3 days), the minimum threshold value of each frequency was obtained using the 2007 edition’s diagnostic criteria for ONID. The speech frequency and the HFTWVs were analyzed based on age, noise exposure, and diagnostic classi-fication using SPSS21.0. Results: 168 patients in total were involved in this study, 154 males and 14 females, and the average age was 41.18 ± 6.07. The diagnosis rate was increased by the weighted value of the high frequencies and was more than the mean value of the pure speech frequency (MVPSF). The diagnosis rate for the weighted 4 kHz frequency level increased by 13.69% (χ2 = 9.880, P = 0.002), the weighted 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002). The differences were all statistically significant. The diagnostic rate of the different thresholds showed no obvious difference between the genders. The age groups were divided into less than or equal to 40 years old (group A) and 40 - 50 years old (group B). There were several groups with a high frequency: high frequency weighted 4 kHz ( group A χ2 = 3.380, P = 0.050;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), high frequency weighted 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362, P = 0.012;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362 P = 0.012;B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032) than those of MVPSF in the same group on ONID diagnosis rate. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the age groups (χ2 = 2.265, P = 0.944). The better ear’s (the smaller hearing threshold weighted value) MVPSF and the weighted values for the different high frequencies were examined in light of the number of working years;the group that was exposed to noise for more than 10 years had significantly higher values than those of the average thresholds of each frequency band in the groups with 3 - 5 years of exposure (F = 2.271, P = 0.001) and 6 - 10 years of exposure (F = 1.563, P = 0.046). The differences were statistically significant. The different HFTWVs were higher than those of the MVPSF values, and the high frequency weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level showed the greatest difference, with an average increase of 2.83 dB. The diagnostic rate that included the weighted high frequency values was higher for the mild, moderate, and severe cases than those patients who were only screened with the pure frequency tests. The results of the comparisons of the diagnosis rates for mild ONID were as follows: the weighted 3 kHz high frequency level (χ2 = 3.117, P = 0.077) had no significant difference, but the weighted 4 kHz level (χ2 = 10.835, P = 0.001), 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), 3 kHz + 4 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 3 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and 3 kHz + 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 7.667, P = 0.002) were significantly higher than the diagnosis rate of the mean value of the PSF. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the moderate and severe grades (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different HFTWVs increase the diagnostic rate of ONID. The weighted 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency values greatly affected the diagnostic results, and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency hearing threshold value has the maximum the effect on the ONID diagnosis results.

High-frequency magnetic properties and core loss of carbonyl iron composites with easy plane-like structures

To fully release the potential of wide bandgap(WBG)semiconductors and achieve high energy density and efficiency,a carbonyl iron soft magnetic composite(SMC)with an easy plane-like structure is prepared.Due to this structure,the permeability of the composite increases by 3 times(from 7.5 to 21.5)at 100 MHz compared with to the spherical carbonyl iron SMC,and the permeability changes little at frequencies below 100 MHz.In addition,the natural resonance frequency of the composite shifts to higher frequencies at 1.7 GHz.The total core losses of the composites at 10,20,and 30 m T are80.0,355.3,and 810.7 m W/cm^(3),respectively,at 500 k Hz.Compared with the spherical carbonyl iron SMC,the core loss at500 k Hz is reduced by more than 60%.Therefore,this kind of soft magnetic composite with an easy plane-like structure is a good candidate for unlocking the potential of WBG semiconductors and developing the next-generation power electronics.

Low-loss Cd-substituted Mg ferrites with matching impedance for high-frequency-range antennas

The effects of Cd^(2+) ions on the microstructure,magnetic properties,and dielectric properties of Bi_(2)O_(3)-added MgFe_(2)O_(4) ferrites(Cd_(x)Mg_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4),x=0.00,0.15,0.30 and 0.45)are obtained by adopting the solid-state reaction method at a low temperature(910℃).The objective is to achieve matching impedances,low magnetic and dielectric losses(tanδμand tanδε,respectively),and a relatively large miniaturization factor to reduce antenna size.Experimental results indicate that the cations occupying the tetrahedral(A)and octahedral(B)ion sites are redistributed,resulting in an enhanced super-exchange interaction between the two sublattices.As a result,improved magnetization,including the increase in saturation magnetization(41.74 emu/g)and decrease in coercivity(63.75 Oe),is realized.The real part of permeability(μ')also increases with increasing concentration of Cd^(2+) ions.When x is 0.15,matching impedances with equivalent μ'and ε'values are obtained over a long frequency range(1–150MHz).Moreover,the formation of a dense microstructure guarantees that losses occur at low orders of magnitude(tanδμ≈10−2 and tanδε≈10−3).Accordingly,these properties afford wide application perspectives for the proposed compounds in the high-frequency region,i.e.,from high-frequency to very-high-frequency bands.

Low-Microwave Loss Coplanar Waveguides Fabricated on High-Resistivity Silicon Substrate

Three kinds of coplanar waveguides （CPWs） are designed and fabricated on different silicon substrates---common low-resistivity silicon substrate （LRS）, LRS with a 3μm-thick silicon oxide interlayer, and high-resistivity silicon （HRS） substrate. The results show that the microwave loss of a CPW on LRS is too high to be used, but it can be greatly reduced by adding a thick interlayer of silicon oxide between the CPW transmission lines and the LRS.A CPW directly on HRS shows a loss lower than 2dB/cm in the range of 0-26GHz and the process is simple,so HRS is a more suitable CPW substrate.

Auditory perceptual efficacy of nonlinear frequency compression used in hearing aids:A review

Many patients with sensorineural hearing loss have a precipitous high-frequency loss with relatively good thresholds in the low frequencies.This present paper briefly introduces and compares the basic principles of four types of frequency lowering algorithms with emphasis on nonlinear frequency compression(NLFC). A review of the effects of the NLFC algorithm on speech and music perception and sound quality appraisal is then provided. For vowel perception, it seems that the benefits provided by NLFC are limited, which are probably related to the parameter settings of the compression. For consonant perception, several studies have shown that NLFC provides improved perception of highfrequency consonants such as/s/and/z/. However, a few other studies have demonstrated negative results in consonant perception. In terms of sentence recognition, persistent use of NLFC might provide improved performance. Compared to the conventional processing, NLFC does not alter the speech sound quality appraisal and music perception as long as the compression setting is not too aggressive. In the subsequent section,the relevant factors with regard to NLFC settings, time-course of acclimatization, listener characteristics, and perceptual tasks are discussed.Although the literature shows mixed results on the perceptual efficacy of NLFC, this technique improved certain aspects of speech understanding in certain hearing-impaired listeners. Little research is available on speech perception outcomes in languages other than English. More clinical data are needed to verify the perceptual efficacy of NLFC in patients with precipitous high-frequency hearing loss. Such knowledge will help guide clinical rehabilitation of those patients.

Research on Nonlinear Frequency Compression Method of Hearing Aid with Adaptive Compression Ratio

To make full use of the residual audible frequency band of hearing-loss patients and improve the intelligibility of speech,an adaptive nonlinear frequency compression(NFC)algorithm is proposed,which amplifies signals below the cutoff frequency while compresses signals above the cutoff frequency.Firstly,high-frequency signals are decomposed to critical band signals according to the BARK scale.Secondly,the global compression ratio is determined according to the patient's cutoff frequency and maximum audible frequency.Thirdly,the sub-band compression ratio is adaptively determined based on the global compression ratio and normalized average energy of subband signals.Finally,the high frequency signals are transposed to low frequency bands by compression mapping,and the phases are adjusted to the same as the original low frequency signals.Experimental results of speech intelligibility with nine subjects demonstrate that compared to conventional amplitude amplification and nonlinear frequency compression algorithms the proposed algorithm significantly improves the intelligibility of initials and sentences,while not affects the intelligibility of finals and tones significantly.

A Novel Flexible Antenna at Very High Frequency Band for On-Body Applications

This paper proposes a novel flexible antenna design operating at very high frequency(VHF)band for on-body applications such as human body communication(HBC).The antenna consists of back-to-back E-shaped fractal and complimentary structures designed over a thin flex-ible substrate.The overall design working on the principle of fractal geometries and capacitive coupling is highly beneficial to achieve better antenna characteristics even at low frequencies around 35 MHz-45 MHz that are being used for HBC application.The proposed antenna obtained a large bandwidth of around 10.0 MHz in air and a bandwidth of around 8.0 MHz during on-body opera-tion.The antenna has been tested in three different scenarios viz.air,on-body single antenna and on-body communication using two antennas.The insertion loss is reduced to a minimum in all three scenarios,which is quite beneficial for better signal transmission.The size miniaturization with high flexibility in such low frequencies has also been achieved in the paper that makes the proposed design suitable for human body communication applications.

Impairment of extra-high frequency auditory thresholds in subjects with elevated levels of fasting blood glucose

This study was performed to assess whether there is an association between elevated Fasting Blood Glucose(FBG) and hearing impairment in Bangladeshi population. A total of 142 subjects(72 with elevated FBG; 70 control) were included in the study. The mean auditory thresholds of the control subjects at 1,4,8 and 12 kHz frequencies were 6.35 ± 0.35,10.07 ± 0.91,27.57 ± 1.82, 51.28 ± 3.01 dB SPL(decibel sound pressure level), respectively and that of the subjects with elevated FBG were 8.33 ± 0.66,14.37 ± 1.14, 38.96 土 2.23, and 71.11 ± 2.96 dB.respectively. The auditory thresholds of the subjects with elevated FBG were significantly(p < 0.05) higher than the control subjects at all the above frequencies, although hearing impairment was most evidently observed at an extra-high(12 kHz) frequency. Subjects with a long duration of diabetes(>10 years) showed significantly(p < 0.05) higher level of auditory thresholds at 8 and 12 kHz, but not at 1 and 4 kHz frequencies,compared to subjects with shorter duration of diabetes(≤10 years). In addition, based on the data of odds ratio, more acute impairment of hearing at the extra-high frequency was observed in diabetic subjects of both older(>40 years) and younger(<40 years) age groups compared to the respective controls. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a 5.79-fold increase in the odds of extra-high frequency hearing impairment in diabetic subjects after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. This study provides conclusive evidence that auditory threshold at an extra-high frequency could be a sensitive marker for hearing impairment in diabetic subjects.

Detection of Early Noise-Induced Hearing Impairment in Pilots

Objective To detect early signs of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) in military pilots without hearing complaints. Methods Pure tone audiometry and acoustic reflex thresholds were tested in 36 military pilots (72 ears) with noise exposure history but no complaints of hearing loss. Conventional test frequencies (0.25-8 kHz) and extended high frequencies (EHF, 10 and 12.5 kHz) were included in audiometry. White noise and pure tones at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were used for acoustic reflex tests. Twenty normal hearing subjects(40 ears) with no exposure to occupational noise were used as controls. Results Pure tone thresholds at all conventional frequencies and at EHFs were elevated in the pilots, with the maximum shift at 4 kHz, compared with controls (p < 0.01). The pilots also showed elevated ART to white noise and decreased differentials between white noise and pure tone ARTs (p< 0.01). Conclusion Early signs of NIHL are present in some symptom-free military pilots. High frequency hearing threshold shift, elevated white noise ART and decreased differential between white noise and pure tone ARTs may be objective indicators of early NIHL.

利用非线性损耗提升全固态单频激光器输出功率研究进展(特邀)

全固态单频连续波激光器因其噪声低、线宽窄、光束质量好、功率稳定性高等优点已经被广泛应用于产生非经典光场、冷原子物理研究、引力波探测等诸多领域。随着科学技术的不断发展,传统的全固态激光器的输出功率已经不能满足前沿领域的需求,因此亟需在保持全固态激光器整体性能的同时进一步提升激光器的输出功率。为此首先需要更高的泵浦功率,而这将使激光器内部增益提高,在腔内损耗不变的情况下,原非振荡模式也将满足起振条件,从而使激光器在跳模或多模状态下运转。此外,激光晶体的热效应和损伤阈值也限制了输出功率的提高。本文介绍了一种利用非线性损耗大幅度提升全固态单频连续波激光器的输出功率的技术和方法。通过在谐振腔中引入非线性损耗,使主模经受的非线性损耗是次模的一半。在模式竞争的作用下,谐振腔内的模式被更进一步的选择,从而允许全固态单频激光器在更高的增益下保持单纵模运转。通过在谐振腔内插入多块增益晶体可以有效缓解由于激光增益晶体热效应的限制,从而实现更高功率的单频激光输出。目前高功率全固态连续波激光器的输出功率已经达到了一百瓦的量级,且还在进一步提高。通过在谐振腔内引入非线性损耗,全固态单频连续波激光器的整体性能在得以保障和提高的同时,其应用范围也得到了进一步的推广。

高低频复合励磁磁心损耗量化的研究

针对高低频复合励磁磁元件磁心损耗难以精确测量和建模的问题,在详细分析现有磁心损耗测量方法和磁心损耗模型局限性的基础上,根据直流功率法测量原理搭建高低频复合励磁磁心损耗测量系统,利用损耗能精确测量的空心电感验证其测量精度。最后,基于直流偏置下脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)波励磁的磁心损耗模型,提出高低频复合励磁磁性元件的磁心损耗预测模型,并实验验证预测模型最大相对误差为-8.83%,具有较高的精度。

混合级联十一电平逆变器功率与开关损耗双均衡倍频调制方法

混合级联多电平逆变器可以利用较少的开关器件实现较高电平输出,进而得到了广泛应用;但实现高低压单元间功率均衡难度更大。直流侧采用电池组模块进行供电时,功率达不到均衡会使得各H桥单元对应的电池组模块处于不同的放电特性,增大了故障概率和维修难度且增加了后期的维修成本。针对此问题,提出2种1:1:1:2混合级联十一电平逆变器功率和开关损耗双均衡倍频调制方法。首先,2种方法分别对3个低压单元采用三角载波、重构载波进行移相,从而实现在全调制度范围内将逆变器的等效开关频率由fc提高至6fc/12fc;使得低压单元各开关器件开关次数均围绕在60次/174次左右上下浮动,实现了低压单元内开关损耗均衡;使得调制度M=0.9/0.6/0.3时低压单元输出功率均围绕在657.5 W/293.5 W/73.5 W上下浮动,实现低压单元间的功率均衡,其次对高压单元采用阶梯波低频调制,随调制度的变化对导通角进行动态调整,使得高压单元各开关器件开关次数均为1次,实现了高低压单元内开关损耗均衡;使得调制度M=0.9/0.6/0.3时高压单元与低压单元输出功率均围绕在1317 W/657.5 W、586 W/293.5 W、146.5 W/73.5 W上下浮动,实现了高低压单元间功率均衡,之后对比分析2种方法各自的优缺点及其适用场合。最后,通过实验验证该方法的正确性和可行性,并给出了直流电压比为1:1:1:...:x的混合级联H桥逆变器双均衡的普适方法。

基于组−信息蒸馏残差网络的轻量级图像超分辨率重建

目前,基于深度学习的超分辨算法已经取得了很好性能,但这些方法通常具有较大内存消耗和较高计算复杂度,很难应用到低算力或便携式设备上.为了解决这个问题,设计一种轻量级的组−信息蒸馏残差网络(Group-information distillation residual network,G-IDRN)用于快速且精确的单图像超分辨率任务.具体地,提出一个更加有效的组−信息蒸馏模块(Group-information distillation block,G-IDB)作为网络特征提取基本块.同时,引入密集快捷连接,对多个基本块进行组合,构建组−信息蒸馏残差组(Group-information distillation residual group,G-IDRG),捕获多层级信息和有效重利用特征.另外,还提出一个轻量的非对称残差Non-local模块,对长距离依赖关系进行建模,进一步提升超分性能.最后,设计一个高频损失函数,去解决像素损失带来图像细节平滑的问题.大量实验结果表明,该算法相较于其他先进方法,可以在图像超分辨率性能和模型复杂度之间取得更好平衡,其在公开测试数据集B100上,4倍超分速率达到56 FPS,比残差注意力网络快15倍.

大剂量糖皮质激素冲击疗法对单侧全聋型突发性聋患者的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨大剂量糖皮质激素冲击疗法对单侧全聋型突发性聋(sudden sensorineural hearing loss, SSNHL)患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 选取2020年8月至2022年8月内蒙古医科大学附属医院单侧全聋型SSNHL患者52例。随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各26例。对照组采用糖皮质激素常规治疗,治疗组采用大剂量糖皮质激素冲击疗法,比较两组患者听力改善效果及不良反应情况。结果 52例患者中,男20例,女32例,年龄22~65岁,平均(45.4±11.3)岁。两组治疗后平均听阈值低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组;治疗组总有效率高于对照组(80.77%比53.85%),治疗期间治疗组不良反应发生率高于对照组(61.54%比19.23%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 大剂量糖皮质激素冲击疗法能够有效改善单侧全聋型SSNHL患者听力,但治疗期间不良反应发生率较高。

职业噪声作业人员与高血压的相关性研究

目的研究职业噪声暴露对高血压患病率的影响,为保护噪声作业人群健康提供参考。方法运用重庆市职业病检测项目的数据资料,抽取重庆成年男性和女性在岗职业人群样本,对2017年1月至2022年12月随访的研究对象进行分层检验,对噪声与高血压的相关性进行多时点Cox分析。结果随访中发现,随着噪声暴露时间的增加,收缩压和舒张压随之增加,但收缩压增加与噪声暴露无关,研究对象双耳高频平均听阈在25~50 dB时,噪声暴露对高血压的影响差异有统计学意义(HR=0.122,95%CI=0.080,0.161)。结论噪声是高血压的独立危险因素,应加强对噪声作业工人的保护。

High-frequency magnetic properties of biphase Ce_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3)/α-Fe microflakes with easy-plane anisotropy

Soft magnetic composites(SMCs)are effective as magnetic powder cores in an inductor.Due to high saturation magnetization,large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and high operating frequency of M(metal)-RE(rear earth)soft magnetic composites,it is possible to miniaturize inductor cores by reducing total loss,especially eddy current loss and excess loss at high frequencies.In this article,the characteristics of Ce_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3)/α-Fe(CFN/F)loss per volume and effective permeability reaching a high frequency of 3 MHz are investigated.The biphase CFN/F composite exhibits a high permeability of 16 at 70 MHz,which is two times greater than that of pure Ce_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3)(CFN)powders.The total loss is as low as 545 mW/cm^(3)at 3 MHz and 6 mT.The direct current(DC)-bias properties have a percent of permeability exceeding 65% at H=7960 A/m.This phenomenon indicates that our material has a higher working frequency and lower core loss than other materials;the biphase CFN/F structure is a promising and efficient approach for developing the miniaturized radio frequency(RF)inductor core.

3D封装玻璃通孔高频特性分析与优化

建立了3D封装玻璃通孔(TGV)电磁仿真分析模型,对TGV高频信号特性进行了分析,得到了回波损耗S11仿真结果,并研究了信号频率、通孔类型、通孔最大直径、通孔高度、通孔最小直径对S11的影响。选取TGV关键结构通孔最大直径、通孔高度、通孔最小直径尺寸为设计参数,以TGV在信号频率10 GHz下的S11作为目标值,采用响应曲面法,设计17组试验进行仿真,并拟合了TGV S11与其关键结构参数的关系模型。结合遗传算法对拟合模型进行优化,得到TGV S11最优的组合参数:通孔最大直径65μm、通孔高度360μm、通孔最小直径尺寸44μm。对最优组合参数进行验证,发现最优参数组合仿真结果较基本模型S11减小了1.593 5 dB,实现了TGV的结构优化。