Video-Based Deception Detection with Non-Contact Heart Rate Monitoring and Multi-Modal Feature Selection

Deception detection plays a crucial role in criminal investigation.Videos contain a wealth of information regarding apparent and physiological changes in individuals,and thus can serve as an effective means of deception detection.In this paper,we investigate video-based deception detection considering both apparent visual features such as eye gaze,head pose and facial action unit(AU),and non-contact heart rate detected by remote photoplethysmography(rPPG)technique.Multiple wrapper-based feature selection methods combined with the K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)classifiers are employed to screen the most effective features for deception detection.We evaluate the performance of the proposed method on both a self-collected physiological-assisted visual deception detection(PV3D)dataset and a public bag-oflies(BOL)dataset.Experimental results demonstrate that the SVM classifier with symbiotic organisms search(SOS)feature selection yields the best overall performance,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 83.27%and accuracy(ACC)of 83.33%for PV3D,and an AUC of 71.18%and ACC of 70.33%for BOL.This demonstrates the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method in video-based deception detection tasks.

Quran memorisation and heart rate variability:How do they correlate?

BACKGROUND Heart rate variability(HRV)was shown to be affected by performing religious activities.AIM To examine the relationship between the level of Quran(the holy book of Muslims)memorisation and HRV among teenagers.METHODS This experimental study included 16 Tahfiz students and 16 non-Tahfiz students(n=32).The HRV was measured in three tasks:Recalling familiar verses,memorising new verses,and recalling the newly memorised verses of the Quran.HRV analysis was done using these parameters:Standard deviation of N-N(heartbeat peak)interval;low frequency(LF);high frequency(HF)and LF/HF ratio.RESULTS There were significant differences between tasks for all parameters(P<0.05).However,between the groups,only the LF/HF ratio had significant differences,with F=5.04,P<0.05.Pearson correlation showed a moderate positive correlation between the number of pages memorised and the LF/HF ratio(r=0.61,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Quran memorisation increased the HRV and our results suggested that this activity could be developed as an effective sympathovagal modulation training activity.

A comprehensive review of heart rate variability as an indicator in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system by acupuncture:a bibliometric analysis

This study sought to conduct a bibliometric analysis of acupuncture studies focusing on heart rate variability(HRV)and to investigate the correlation between various acupoints and their effects on HRV by utilizing association rule mining and network analysis.A total of 536 publications on the topic of acupuncture studies based on HRV.The disease keyword analysis revealed that HRV-related acupuncture studies were mainly related to pain,inflammation,emotional disorders,gastrointestinal function,and hypertension.A separate analysis was conducted on acupuncture prescriptions,and Neiguan(PC6)and Zusanli(ST36)were the most frequently used acupoints.The core acupoints for HRV regulation were identified as PC6,ST36,Shenmen(HT7),Hegu(LI4),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Jianshi(PC5),Taichong(LR3),Quchi(LI11),Guanyuan(CV4),Baihui(GV20),and Taixi(KI3).Additionally,the research encompassed 46 reports on acupuncture animal experiments conducted on HRV,with ST36 being the most frequently utilized acupoint.The research presented in this study offers valuable insights into the global research trend and hotspots in acupuncture-based HRV studies,as well as identifying frequently used combinations of acupoints.The findings may be helpful for further research in this field and provide valuable information about the potential use of acupuncture for improving HRV in both humans and animals.

Synchronous measurements of prefrontal activity and pulse rate variability during online video game playing with functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Interactions between the central nervous system(CNS)and autonomic nervous system(ANS)play a crucial role in modulating perception,cognition,and emotion production.Previous studies on CNS–ANS interactions,or heart–brain coupling,have often used heart rate variability(HRV)metrics derived from electrocardiography(ECG)recordings as empirical measurements of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)is a functional brain imaging modality that is increasingly used in brain and cognition studies.The fNIRS signals contain frequency bands representing both neural activity oscillations and heartbeat rhythms.Therefore,fNIRS data acquired in neuroimaging studies can potentially provide a single-modality approach to measure task-induced responses in the brain and ANS synchronously,allowing analysis of CNS–ANS interactions.In this proof-of-concept study,fNIRS was used to record hemodynamic changes from the foreheads of 20 university students as they each played a round of multiplayer online battle arena(MOBA)game.From the fNIRS recordings,neural and heartbeat frequency bands were extracted to assess prefrontal activities and shortterm pulse rate variability(PRV),an approximation for short-term HRV,respectively.Under the experimental conditions used,fNIRS-derived PRV metrics showed good correlations with ECG-derived HRV golden standards,in terms of absolute measurements and video game playing(VGP)-related changes.It was also observed that,similar to previous studies on physical activity and exercise,the PRV metrics closely related to parasympathetic activities recovered slower than the PRV indicators of sympathetic activities after VGP.It is concluded that it is feasible to use fNIRS to monitor concurrent brain and ANS activations during online VGP,facilitating the understanding of VGP-related heart–brain coupling.

Study on Real-Time Heart Rate Detection Based on Multi-People

Heart rate is an important vital characteristic which indicates physical and mental health status.Typically heart rate measurement instruments require direct contact with the skin which is time-consuming and costly.Therefore,the study of non-contact heart rate measurement methods is of great importance.Based on the principles of photoelectric volumetric tracing,we use a computer device and camera to capture facial images,accurately detect face regions,and to detect multiple facial images using a multi-target tracking algorithm.Then after the regional segmentation of the facial image,the signal acquisition of the region of interest is further resolved.Finally,frequency detection of the collected Photo-plethysmography(PPG)and Electrocardiography(ECG)signals is completed with peak detection,Fourier analysis,and a Waveletfilter.The experimental results show that the subject’s heart rate can be detected quickly and accurately even when monitoring multiple facial targets simultaneously.

Gene polymorphisms associated with sudden decreases in heart rate during extensive peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Our previous study found that the telomerase-associated protein 1(TEP1,rs938886 and rs1713449)and homo sapiens RecQ like helicase 5(RECQL5,rs820196)single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were associated with changes in heart rate(HR)≥30%during peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy.This study established a single tube method for detecting these three SNPs using two-dimensional(2D)polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and investigated whether SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions increase the risk of high HR variability(HRV).AIM To investigate whether genotypes,genetic patterns,SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions were associated with HRV.METHODS 2D PCR was used to establish a single-tube method to detect TEP1 rs938886 and rs1713449 and RECQL5 rs820196,and the results were compared with those of sanger sequencing.After adjusting for confounders such as age,sex,smoking,hypertension,and thyroid dysfunction,a nonconditional logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between the genotypes and the genetic patterns(codominant,dominant,overdominant,recessive,and additive)of the three SNPs and a risk≥15%or≥30%of a sudden drop in HR during postoperative peritoneal lavage in patients with gastric cancer.Gene-gene and geneenvironment interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction.RESULTS The coincidence rate between the 2D PCR and sequencing was 100%.When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,the patients with the RECQL5(rs820196)TC genotype had a higher risk of high HRV than those who had the TT genotype(odds ratio=1.97;95%CI:1.05-3.70;P=0.045).Under the codominant and overdominant models,the TC genotype of RECQL5(rs820196)was associated with a higher risk of HR decrease relative to the TT and TT+CC genotypes(P=0.031 and 0.016,respectively).When the HRV cutoff value was 30%,patients carrying the GC-TC genotypes of rs938886 and rs820196 showed a higher HRV risk when compared with the GG–TT genotype carriers(P=0.01).In the three-factor model of rs938886,rs820196,and rs1713449,patients carrying the GC-TC-CT genotype had a higher risk of HRV compared with the wild-type GG-TT-CC carriers(P=0.01).For rs820196,nonsmokers with the TC genotype had a higher HRV risk compared with nonsmokers carrying the TT genotype(P=0.04).When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,patients carrying the TT-TT and the TC-CT genotypes of rs820196 and rs1713449 showed a higher HRV risk when compared with TT-CC genotype carriers(P=0.04 and 0.01,respectively).Patients carrying the GC-CT-TC genotypes of rs938886,rs1713449,and rs820196 showed a higher HRV risk compared with GG-CC-TT genotype carriers(P=0.02).When the HRV cutoff value was 15%,the best-fitting models for the interactions between the SNPs and the environment were the rs820196-smoking(P=0.022)and rs820196-hypertension(P=0.043)models.Consistent with the results of the previous grouping,for rs820196,the TC genotype nonsmokers had a higher HRV risk compared with nonsmokers carrying the TT genotype(P=0.01).CONCLUSION The polymorphism of the RECQL5 and TEP1 genes were associated with HRV during peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy.

Pulse rate estimation based on facial videos:an evaluation and optimization of the classical methods using both self-constructed and public datasets

Pulse rate is one of the important characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis,and it is of great significance for determining the nature of cold and heat in diseases.The prediction of pulse rate based on facial video is an exciting research field for getting palpation information by observation diagnosis.However,most studies focus on optimizing the algorithm based on a small sample of participants without systematically investigating multiple influencing factors.A total of 209 participants and 2,435 facial videos,based on our self-constructed Multi-Scene Sign Dataset and the public datasets,were used to perform a multi-level and multi-factor comprehensive comparison.The effects of different datasets,blood volume pulse signal extraction algorithms,region of interests,time windows,color spaces,pulse rate calculation methods,and video recording scenes were analyzed.Furthermore,we proposed a blood volume pulse signal quality optimization strategy based on the inverse Fourier transform and an improvement strategy for pulse rate estimation based on signal-to-noise ratio threshold sliding.We found that the effects of video estimation of pulse rate in the Multi-Scene Sign Dataset and Pulse Rate Detection Dataset were better than in other datasets.Compared with Fast independent component analysis and Single Channel algorithms,chrominance-based method and plane-orthogonal-to-skin algorithms have a more vital anti-interference ability and higher robustness.The performances of the five-organs fusion area and the full-face area were better than that of single sub-regions,and the fewer motion artifacts and better lighting can improve the precision of pulse rate estimation.

Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin Vesicle Improves Persistent Anti-arrhythmogenesis through Improving Myocardial Electrical Remodeling and Modulating Cardiac Autonomic Activity in a Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Rat Heart Model

Objective Shock heart syndrome(SHS)is associated with lethal arrhythmias(ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation,VT/VF).We investigated whether liposome-encapsulated human hemoglobin vesicles(HbVs)has comparable persistent efficacy to washed red blood cells(wRBCs)for improving arrhythmogenesis in the subacute to chronic phase of SHS.Methods Optical mapping analysis(OMP),electrophysiological study(EPS),and pathological examinations were performed on blood samples from Sprague-Dawley rats following induction of hemorrhagic shock.After hemorrhagic shock,the rats were immediately resuscitated by transfusing 5%albumin(ALB),HbV,or wRBCs.All rats survived for 1 week.OMP and EPS were performed on Langendorff-perfused hearts.Spontaneous arrhythmias and heart rate variability(HRV)were evaluated using awake 24-h telemetry,cardiac function by echocardiography,and pathological examination of Connexin43.Results OMP showed significantly impaired action potential duration dispersion(APDd)in the left ventricle(LV)in the ALB group whereas APDd was substantially preserved in the HbV and wRBCs groups.Sustained VT/VF was easily provoked by EPS in the ALB group.No VT/VF was induced in the HbV and wRBCs groups.HRV,spontaneous arrhythmias,and cardiac function were preserved in the HbV and wRBCs groups.Pathology showed myocardial cell damage and Connexin43 degradation in the ALB group,all of which were attenuated in the HbV and wRBCs groups.Conclusion LV remodeling after hemorrhagic shock caused VT/VF in the presence of impaired APDd.Similar to wRBCs,HbV persistently prevented VT/VF by inhibiting persistent electrical remodeling,preserving myocardial structures,and ameliorating arrhythmogenic modifying factors in the subacute to chronic phase of hemorrhagic shock-induced SHS.

Effects of chronic epilepsy on heart rate variability A case-control study

BACKGROUND： Dysfunctional autonomic cardiac regulation is thought to be associated with high mortality in epileptic patients. OBJECTIVE： To explore changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities in epileptic patients with repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures by observing interictal heart rate. DESIGN, TIME AND SEI-I＇ING： A case-control study was performed at the Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital from July 2006 to May 2009. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 30 patients, comprising 15 males and 15 females, who presented with chronic epilepsy and repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures according to International League Against Epilepsy guidelines （ILAE, 1989）, were selected. In addition, 30 matched, healthy volunteers were selected as controls. METHODS： Lead I electrocardiogram was performed in the epilepsy and control groups for 5 minutes during a daytime interictal period. Frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability was performed using fast Fourier transformation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Heart rate interval, high frequency （HF; 0.15-0.45 Hz） power, low frequency （LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz） power, and LF/（HF ＋ LF） expressed in normalized units （LF%）. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the epilepsy group exhibited a significantly lower mean heart rate interval and HF power, but a significantly greater LF% （P〈 0.01）. There was no significant difference in LF power between the groups （P = 0.17）. CONCLUSION： Patients with chronic epilepsy exhibited faster heart rates during interictal periods, which could contribute to hiclher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic activities.

女性原发性高血压患者夜间血压下降率与HRV及DC的相关性研究

目的采用心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)、心率减速力(deceleration capacity of heart rate,DC)等监测心脏自主神经功能的方法,研究女性原发性高血压患者夜间血压下降率与心脏自主神经功能的相关性,探讨影响女性原发性高血压患者夜间血压下降率的相关因素。方法选取2019年1月~2023年8月兰州大学第二医院收治的187例女性原发性高血压患者,收集一般资料、夜间血压下降率、HRV时域参量(SDNN:正常窦性心搏R-R间期的标准差;SDANN:每分钟正常窦性心搏R-R间期平均值的标准差;SDNNI:5min正常窦性心搏RR间期标准差的平均值;PNN50:相邻正常窦性心搏RR间期相差超过50ms的心搏数占总窦性心搏数的百分比)及DC,按夜间收缩压下降率分为杓型组、非杓型组、反杓型组3组,比较3组患者的一般资料和24h、日间、夜间平均血压及心率、HRV时域参量、DC值的差异,分析夜间血压下降率与HRV时域参量、DC值及其他一般资料的相关性,并采用简单、多重线性回归分析影响女性原发性高血压患者夜间血压下降率的因素。结果女性原发性高血压患者夜间血压下降率与SDNN、SDANN、SDNNI、DC值呈线性正相关(β分别为0.235、0.016、0.102和0.493,P<0.05),与绝经呈线性负相关(β=-3.798,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,SDNN、绝经、年龄、糖尿病是夜间血压下降率的影响因素。结论女性原发性高血压患者心脏自主神经调节失衡、绝经、年龄增长以及合并糖尿病是影响夜间血压下降率的主要危险因素。

The acute and chronic effect of low temperature on survival, heart rate and neural function in crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>) and prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>) species

The effect of acute and chronic cold exposure on heart rate (HR) and neuronal function in crayfish Procambarus clarkii and prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii was addressed. This is particularly important since prawn farms of this species are used for aquaculture in varied climates world wide. The success of P. clarkii as an invasive species throughout the world may in part be due to their ability to acclimate to cold and warm habitats. A set of experiments was devised to address the physiological abilities of these species in managing rapid changes to cold environments as well as their ability to respond to sensory stimuli by using behavior and a bioindex of HR. Prawns died within 2 hrs when moved from 21℃ to 5℃. Crayfish reduced their HR but survived for at least a week with this rapid change. Changes in temperature of 5℃ each week resulted in death of the prawns when 10℃ was reached. Some died at 16℃ and some lasted at 10℃ for 1 day before dying. Crayfish remained responsive to sensory stimuli and survived with either rapid or slow changes in temperature from 21℃ to 5℃. Primary sensory neurons were rapidly inhibited in prawns with an acute change to 5℃, where as in crayfish the activity was reduced but not completely inhibited. An induced sensory-CNS-motor circuit elicited activity at neuromuscular junctions in prawns and crayfish at 21℃ but with acute changes to 5℃only in crayfish was the circuit functionally intact. The ability to survive rapid environmental temperature changes will impact survival and in time the distribution of a species. The significance of these findings is that they may account, in part, for the wide ecological distribution of P. clarkii as compared to M. rosenbergii. The invasiveness of organisms, as for P. clarkii, is likely linked to the physiological robustness to acute and chronic temperature changes of habitats.

Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Stress in Students’ Athletes

Introduction: The wellbeing of student’s athletes has a paramount importance, a prolonged period of cognitive and physical performance that characterizes the life of student’s athletes often leads to fatigue, and a psychobiological state that increases the risk of injury and accidents. The use of Heart rate variability (HRV) has become increasingly popular as a non-invasive methodology that provides an indirect insight into the autonomic nervous system. HRV can be utilized as a diagnostic tool in detection of autonomic nervous system impairment and sympatho-vagal imbalance. HRV technology is employed to monitor the internal response of athletes to workload and identify athletes’s psychophysical stress to predict and therefore prevent injuries. Objective: The objective of the investigation is to establish whether the use of Polar H10 sensor heart rate monitors worn by athletes in a sitting position (inclination 60 degrees) during periods characterized by stress can provide a valid and non-invasive method to assess the psychophysiological state during sports competition and school exams. Method and Statistics: In the study, the HRV of 12 basketball students athletes and 4 students non-athletes was analyzed as a control group. The autonomic nervous system activity was assessed based on heart variability parameters (HRV): SDNN, rMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF. The measurements were made after establishing the baseline at rest, during the training phase (CT), competition phase (CC) and during the acute phase of stressors due to school exams coinciding with the competitive season (CC + E). Results: Compared to the respective values prior to the stress of the competitions and exams, a significant decrease in HRV indices was found: SDNN (P Conclusions: The analysis and examination of the data on the sample of the student population also showed a statistically significant correlation between decreased cardiac variability and injuries or indisposition to physical exertion.

Critical evaluation of American categorization of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations and three tier classification—Shortcomings, contradictions, remedies and need for debate

Fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations are the commonest aberrant feature on cardiotocograph (CTG) thus having a major influence on classification ofFHRpatterns into the three tier system. The unexplained paradox of early decelerations (head compression—an invariable phenomenon in labor) being extremely rare [1] should prompt a debate about scientific validity of current categorization. This paper demonstrates that there appear to be major fallacies in the pathophysiological hypothesis (cord compression—baroreceptor mechanism) underpinning of vast majority of (variable?) decelerations. Rapid decelerations during contractions with nadir matching peak of contractions are consistent with “pure” vagal reflex (head compression) rather than result of fetal blood pressure or oxygenation changes from cord compression. Hence, many American authors have reported that the abrupt FHR decelerations attributed to cord compression are actually due to head compression [2-6]. The paper debates if there are major fundamental fallacies in current categorization of FHR decelerations based concomitantly on rate of descent (reflecting putative aetiology?) and time relationship to contractions. Decelerations with consistently early timing (constituting majority) seem to get classed as “variable” because of rapid descent. A distorted unscientific categorization of FHR decelerations could lead to clinically unhelpful three tier classification system. Hence, the current unphysiological classification needs a fresh debate with consideration of alternative models and re-evaluation of clinical studies to test these. Open debate improves patient care and safety. The clue to benign reflex versus hypoxic nature of decelerations seems to be in the timing rather than the rate of descent. Although the likelihood of fetal hypxemia is related to depth and duration ofFHRdecelerations, the cut-offs are likely to be different for early/late/variable decelerations and it seems to be of paramount importance to get this discrimination right for useful visual or computerized system of CTG interpretation.

An Intelligent Sensor Based System for Real Time Heart Rate Monitoring (HRM)

A method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate of the heart using a wearable system is designed and implemented in this paper. A heart rate receives from heart beat signals and stores the data to a database and after a time period this method can determine an idle heart rate of the monitoring body. This idle heart rate is compared with the stored data and can determine the normal and abnormal heart rate variability. After the certain time period this system can detect the heart rate and also can send a signal to the user in time of abnormalities. Consequent estimations of heart rate variability are contrasted with this.

基于HRI的高密度立交群出入口驾驶人精神负荷

为明确驾驶人在高密度互通立交出入口时精神负荷变化与驾驶环境的相关性,选取重庆市主城区内环快速路上4座立交(3座小净距立交及1座普通立交)作为研究对象,开展了47位驾驶人的实车驾驶试验。使用生理仪连续采集了驾驶人的心电数据,计算了驾驶人经过立交分流点、合流点前后的心率增长率(heart rate increase,HRI),以HRI作为驾驶人精神负荷评价指标,明确了驾驶人在立交出口和入口的精神负荷变化规律,对出口和入口的精神负荷进行了对比,并分析了环境熟悉程度及分流方向对驾驶人精神负荷的影响。结果表明:小净距立交出入口驾驶人HRI存在6种变化模式,较普通立交出入口存在的5种变化模式更多样化;小净距立交出口和入口的HRI均值变化呈相反的趋势,且HRI均值及特征分位值均表现为入口HRI略大于出口HRI;合流和分流行为都会使驾驶人的精神负荷产生明显波动;立交间距离过短,会导致驾驶人经过立交出口和入口时的HRI增大,精神负荷增加;环境熟悉程度对驾驶人经过立交出口和入口分合流点时的HRI存在显著影响,驾驶人第2、3次经过相同立交出口和入口时的HRI波动明显减小;驾驶人经过立交左侧分流点时的HRI较右侧分流点更高,精神负荷更大。

Is heart rate reduction more important than target dose in chronic heart failure therapy with a beta-blocker?

1 Introduction Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents(beta-blockers)are now well established as cornerstone therapy in patients with systolic chronic heart failure(CHF).[1]Clinical data have overwhelmingly proven the beneficial effects of beta-blocker therapy in terms of improving patient prognosis,decreasing requirements for hospitalization,and postponing disease progression.[2-4]However,it remains unclear what the optimal efficacious and safe dose for an individual patient with CHF is,and whether this can simply be inferred from the target dose for each beta-blocking agent as used in the major clinical trials.

A very high frequency index of heart rate variability for evaluation of left ventricular systolic function and prognosis in chronic heart failure patients using five-minute electrocardiogram

Objective A novel index based on fi-equency-domain analysis of heart rate variability （HRV） was tested on patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function. This index, namely VHFI, was defined as the very high frequency （VHF） component of the power spectrum normalized to represent its relative value in proportion to the total power minus the very low frequency component. Methods Patients （n = 130） were divided into a study group, consisting 66 patients with decreased left ventricular systolic function, and a control group, consisting 64 patients with normal heart structure and function and without severe coronary artery stenosis （〈 50%）. Results VHFI in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （19.17 ± 13.35 vs 11.37 ± 10.77, P 〈 0.001）. Cardiac events occurred in 18 patients during follow-up （33.34 i 3.26 months）. Defining the positive test as VHFI =15 and negative test as VHFI 〈15, achieved a sensitivity of 57.58% and a specificity of78.13% for predicting decreased left ventricular systolic function, and achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 64.29% for predicting cardiac events. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive VHFI test was an independent variable in predictive cardiac events. Conclusions The results suggest that VHFI is a useful tool for quick evaluation of left ventricular systolic function and prediction of prognosis

Interpretation of British experts’ illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by Consultant Obstetricians, registrars and midwives: A prospective study—Reasons for major disagreement with experts and implications for clinical practice

Objective: To test the reproducibility of British experts’ (eFM, K2MS, Gibb and Arulkumaran) [1-3] illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by trained British Obstetricians and midwives. To analyze reasons for any discrepancies by examining factors relating to the participants, British experts’ descriptions and NICE guidelines [4]. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals. Participants: 38 Obstetric Consultants, 49 registrars and 45 midwives. Methods: Printed questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Fisher’s Exact test. Results: This largest study of its kind showed almost unbelievably high disconnect between CTG interpretation by experts and participants. 98% - 100% midwives, 80% - 100% Registrars and 74% - 100% Consultants categorized FHR decelerations differently from the five experts’ illustrations/interpretations (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the three experts’ illustrations of early (supposedly most benign) decelerations were classed as atypical variable by 56% Consultants, 78% Registrars and 99% midwives and the CTGs as pathological by 85% of the participants. Conclusions: The high degree of disagreement with the experts’ illustrations (p < 0.0001) did not appear to be due to participant factors. The immediate reasons seemed to be the conflicting illustrations and heterogeneity of experts’ descriptions. But most importantly, these appeared to stem from non-standardized ambiguous definitions of FHR decelerations and many intrinsic systemic flaws in the current NICE guidelines [4]. The NICE concept of “true uniform” (identical) early and late decelerations seems biologically implausible (a myth) and no examples can be found. Another myth seems to be that early and late decelerations should be gradual. Only very shallow decelerations will look “gradual” on the British CTG. These systemic flaws lead to dysfunctional CTG interpretation increasing intervention as well as impairing diagnosis of fetal hypoxemia. This is because the vast majority of FHR decelerations fall in a single heterogeneous “variable” group with many further classed as “atypical” (pathological) based on disproven and discredited criteria [5-7]. There is increasing evidence in USA that a system with variable decelerations as the majority is clinically unhelpful because of loss of information [5-9]. In the interest of patient care and safety, open debate is necessary regarding a better way forward. Classification of FHR decelerations based primarily and solely on time relationship to contractions appears more scientific and clinically useful.

基于HRV的受限空间内装配人员作业疲劳研究

为了解受限空间内装配人员作业过程疲劳特征,避免疲劳累积,设计并组织扳手旋紧螺栓试验。招募10名男大学生进行试验,测量不同作业高度(120cm、140cm)和不同工作面(侧面、顶面、正面)下装配人员心率变异性数据(HRV),并记录主观疲劳评分。然后,利用统计学方法分析装配过程中作业人员疲劳特征。结果表明,作业高度显著影响NNMean、RMSSD、HF%和LF/HF以及主观疲劳评分,但工作面影响不显著,且无二阶效应。受限空间内装配人员旋紧螺丝作业中,不同工作面下疲劳发展差异不显著,140cm作业高度下疲劳累积明显高于120cm高度。

HrEF、TEF与心功能分级的相关性及其对冠心病新发心房颤动的预测价值

目的 探究左室射血分数(LVEF)与心率的比值(HrEF)、LVEF与心电图QRS波时程(QRSd)的比值(TEF)与心功能分级的相关性,并分析HrEF、TEF对冠心病(CHD)新发心房颤动(AF)的预测价值。方法 选取2020年10月至2022年8月于该院就诊的82例CHD患者作为研究对象,按照是否新发AF分为AF组(16例)和非AF组(66例),另根据美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级分为Ⅰ级组(10例)、Ⅱ级组(28例)、Ⅲ级组(37例)、Ⅳ级组(7例)。所有患者均进行LVEF及心电图检查,记录并比较Ⅰ~Ⅳ级组患者LVEF、QRSd、心率、HrEF、TEF,比较AF组与非AF组HrEF及TEF。采用Spearman相关分析LVEF、QRSd、心率、HrEF、TEF与NYHA分级的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HrEF、TEF对CHD新发AF的预测价值。结果 QRSd、心率比较均为Ⅰ级组<Ⅱ级组<Ⅲ级组<Ⅳ级组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LVEF、HrEF及TEF比较均为Ⅰ级组>Ⅱ级组>Ⅲ级组>Ⅳ级组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,CHD患者LVEF、HrEF、TEF与NYHA分级均呈负相关(r=-0.518、-0.625、-0.634,P<0.05)。QRSd、心率与NYHA分级均呈正相关(r=0.513、0.527,P<0.05)。AF组HrEF、TEF均低于非AF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,2项指标联合预测CHD新发AF的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.874,高于HrEF(AUC为0.817)、TEF(AUC为0.718)单独预测。结论 HrEF、TEF与CHD患者心功能分级有相关性,且HrEF、TEF对CHD新发AF的预测价值较高,可为临床诊疗提供参考依据。