Transcatheter aortic valve implantation:Current status and future perspectives

Although surgical aortic valve replacement is the standard therapy for severe aortic stenosis(AS),about one third of patients are considered inoperable due to unacceptable surgical risk.Under medical treatment alone these patients have a very poor prognosis with a mortality rate of 50%at 2 years.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has been used in these patients,and has shown robust results in the only randomized clinical trial of severe AS treatment performed so far.In this review,we will focus on the two commercially available systems:Edwards SAPIEN valve and CoreValve Revalving system.Both systems have demonstrated success rates of over 90%with 30-d mortality rates below 10%in the most recent transfemoral TAVI studies.Moreover,long-term studies have shown that the valves have good haemodynamic performance.Some studies are currently exploring the non-inferiority of TAVI procedures vs conventional surgery in high-risk patients,and long-term clinical results of the percutaneous valves.In this article we review the current status of TAVI including selection of patients,a comparison of available prostheses,results and complications of the procedure,clinical outcomes,and future perspectives.

Transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation: Techniques, current roles, and future implications

Right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)obstruction is present in a variety of congenital heart disease states including tetralogy of Fallot,pulmonary atresia/stenosis and other conotruncal abnormalities etc.After surgical repair,these patients develop RVOT residual abnormalities of pulmonic stenosis and/or insufficiency of their native outflow tract or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit.There are also sequelae of other surgeries like the Ross operation for aortic valve disease that lead to right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit dysfunction.Surgical pulmonic valve replacement(SPVR)has been the mainstay for these patients and is considered standard of care.Transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation(TPVI)was first reported in 2000 and has made strides as a comparable alternative to SPVR,being approved in the United States in 2010.We provide a comprehensive review in this space–indications for TPVI,detailed procedural facets and up-to-date review of the literature regarding outcomes of TPVI.TPVI has been shown to have favorable medium-term outcomes free of reinterventions especially after the adoption of the practice of pre-stenting the RVOT.Procedural mortality and complications are uncommon.With more experience,recognition of risk of dreaded outcomes like coronary compression has improved.Also,conduit rupture is increasingly being managed with transcatheter tools.Questions over endocarditis risk still prevail in the TPVI population.Head-to-head comparisons to SPVR are still limited but available data suggests equivalence.We also discuss newer valve technologies that have limited data currently and may have more applicability for treatment of native dysfunctional RVOT substrates.

LuX-Valve系统经导管三尖瓣置换26例近期疗效分析

目的探讨LuX-Valve系统行经导管三尖瓣置换(TTVR)的近期临床效果。方法回顾性分析2020年7月至2020年12月海军军医大学长海医院心血管外科收治的26例因重度三尖瓣关闭不全行TTVR患者的临床资料,男性10例,女性16例,年龄(65.5±7.9)岁。19例患者为左心瓣膜置换术后发生三尖瓣关闭不全。所有患者均在全身麻醉数字减影血管造影下经右胸小切口右心房入路,采用LuX-Valve系统行原位TTVR。结果术中人工瓣膜均成功释放,手术时间180 min,瓣膜释放时间(12.6±3.8)min。术后24 h胸腔引流量95 ml,ICU停留时间2 d,总住院时间(25.2±8.1)d。2例患者分别因右侧胸腔出血及瓣膜移位再次开胸。住院期间死亡1例,死因为呼吸功能衰竭。超声心动图随访提示1例患者术后发生三尖瓣瓣周漏,随访半年后瓣周漏逐渐缓解。1例患者术后3个月死于恶病质。结论经右胸小切口右心房入路采用LuX-Valve系统经导管释放人工瓣膜治疗三尖瓣关闭不全的近期临床效果较满意。

Mechanism and Correlated Factors of SAM Phenomenon after Aortic Valve Replacement

To investigate the mechanism and correlated factors of systolic anterior motion （SAM） phenomenon after aortic valve replacement, 48 patients with severe aortic valvular stenosis were studied. Tested by echo-Doppler one week after aortic valve replacement, the patients were divided into two groups： SAM group and non-SAM group. The data of the left ventricular end-diastolic diameters, the left ventricular end-systolic diameters, the left ventricular outflow diameters, the thickness of the interventricular septum, the posterior wall of left ventricle, the blood velocities of left ventricular outflow and intra-cavitary gradients were recorded and compared. The results showed that no patients died during or after the operation. The blood velocities of left ventricular outflow was increased significantly in 9 patients （〉2.5 m/s）, and 6 of them developed SAM phenomenon. There was significant difference in all indexes （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） except the posterior wall of left ventricle （P〉0.05） between two groups. These indicated that the present of SAM phenomenon after aortic valve replacement may be directly related to the increase of blood velocities of left ventricular outflow and intra-cavitary gradients. It is also suggested that smaller left ventricular diastolic diameters, left ventricular systolic diameters, left ventricular outflow diameters and hypertrophy of interventricular septum may be the anatomy basis of SAM phenomenon.

In vitro bench testing using patient-specific 3D models for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with Venus P-valve

Background:Due to the wide variety of morphology,size,and dynamics,selecting an optimal valve size and location poses great difficulty in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation(PPVI).This study aimed to report our experience with in vitro bench testing using patient-specific three-dimensional(3D)-printed models for planning PPVI with the Venus P-valve.Methods:Patient-specific 3D soft models were generated using PolyJet printing with a compliant synthetic material in 15 patients scheduled to undergo PPVI between July 2018 and July 2020 in Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Results:3D model bench testing altered treatment strategy in all patients(100%).One patient was referred for surgery because testing revealed that even the largest Venus P-valve would not anchor properly.In the remaining 14 patients,valve size and/or implantation location was altered to avoid valve migration and/or compression coronary artery.In four patients,it was decided to change the point anchoring because of inverted cone-shaped right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)(n=2)or risk of compression coronary artery(n=2).Concerning sizing,we found that an oversize of 2-5 mm suffices.Anchoring of the valve was dictated by the flaring of the in-and outflow portion in the pulmonary artery.PPVI was successful in all 14 patients(absence of valve migration,no coronary compression,and none-to-mild residual pulmonary regurgitation[PR]).The diameter of the Venus P-valve in the 3D simulation group was significantly smaller than that of the conventional planning group(36[2]vs.32[4],Z=-3.77,P<0.001).Conclusions:In vitro testing indicated no need to oversize the Venus P-valve to the degree recommended by the balloon-sizing technique,as 2-5 mm sufficed.

The effects of severe aortic stenosis and high pulmonary artery pressure on aortic valve replacement

Background: Pulmonary hypertension development in pure severe aortic stenosis is a situation that affects mortality and morbidity. Material and Methods: Data from files of 31 patients with systolic pulmonary artery pressure over 50 mm Hg and with pure severe aortic stenosis, and underwent aortic valve replacement in our clinic were examined retrospectively. Results: Preoperative effort capacities of the patients were evaluated as follows according to NYHA;4 patients class 1-2, 16 patients class 3, and 11 patients class 4. Twenty-five metal, and 6 biologic aortic valves were used. Postoperative hospital mortality was recorded as 12% with 4 patients. Patients were reevaluated on the postoperative 2nd and 12th months. Pulmonary arterial pressure of the patients was measured using echocardiography. Preoperative average pulmonary artery systolic pressure was measured as 55 ± 3 mmHg. The average pressure was measured as 41 ± 3 mmHg on the 2nd, and as 37.8 ± 4 mmHg on the 12th month. The effort capacity evaluation in the postoperative 2nd month was as follows: 11 patients class 1-2, 12 patients class 3, and 4 patients class 4. The effort capacity evaluation conducted in the 12th month was: 14 patients were class 1-2, 10 patients were class 3, and 2 patients were class 4. During the follow-up 1 year, survival rate of the patients was determined as 83.8% average, 5 year survival rate was determined as 61.5%. Conclusion: We believe that AVR may be performed in severe aortic stenosis cases with high pulmonary pressure with acceptable ortality, leading to a better quality and longer life.

1例复杂先天性心脏病患儿术后出现心源性脑栓塞的护理体会

总结2023年6月我院收治的1例复杂先天性心脏病患儿术后12年出现心源性脑栓塞的护理体会。针对该患儿发病时脑梗死症状不典型、快速的病情进展、立即需颅内动脉取栓术等主要问题,采取紧急院内救护方案,包括快速识别急性脑梗死、团队合作,缩短术前准备时间、医护一体化院内安全转运及早期高压氧治疗+康复训练等。经过10 d的治疗及护理,患者已康复出院。出院后随访1个月,患儿状况良好。

多模态影像评估主动脉瓣置换术后左心室逆重构研究进展

慢性主动脉瓣狭窄及反流可导致左心室重构,这些变化在瓣膜置换术后是否可逆及可逆程度是影响外科手术时机和患者预后的主要决定因素。影像技术是目前常用于评估心肌结构与功能的无创性方法,其中超声心动图及增强CT有助于人工瓣功能评估和左心室形变监测,心脏磁共振及PET/CT有助于识别术后心纤维化的进展及消退,这些技术综合应用可早期诊断和无创检测术后左心室逆重构,从而改善临床结局。本文综述多模态影像学技术对主动脉瓣置换术后左心室逆重构评估及应用进展。

心脏瓣膜置换术后新发心房颤动患者血清Angpt1、内皮素-1水平变化及其临床意义

目的:探究心脏瓣膜置换术后新发心房颤动(AF)患者血清血管生成素-1(Angpt1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)的水平变化,并分析二者的临床意义。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年3月于本院行心脏瓣膜置换术的130例患者,根据术后7d有无AF分为无AF组(72例)及AF组(58例)。采用ELISA法检测两组血清Angpt1、ET-1水平;采用Pearson法分析AF患者血清Angpt1、ET-1水平的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析血清Angpt1、ET-1水平对此类患者术后发生AF的预测价值;采用Logistic回归分析此类患者术后发生AF的影响因素。结果:AF组左心房内径(LAD)、NYHA心功能Ⅳ级比例、体外循环时间均显著高于无AF组(P<0.05或<0.01)。术后1d,与无AF组比较,AF组血清Angpt1水平显著降低,ET-1水平显著升高(P均<0.001)。Pearson相关分析显示,AF患者血清Angpt1水平与ET-1水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.366,P=0.005)。ROC分析显示,血清Angpt1、ET-1水平联合预测心脏瓣膜置换术后AF发生的曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于二者单独预测(Z=2.761、1.998,P=0.006、0.046)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示LAD、NYHAⅣ级、体外循环时间及术后ET-1是此类患者术后发生AF的独立危险因素(OR=1.471~1.739,P<0.05或<0.01),而术后Angpt1是其独立保护因素(OR=0.634,P=0.004)。结论:心脏瓣膜置换术后新发AF患者术后血清Angpt1水平显著降低,ET-1水平显著升高,联合检测Angpt1、ET-1水平对术后AF发生的预测价值较高。

机器人辅助下二尖瓣置换术学习曲线临界值的确定及意义

目的明确机器人辅助下二尖瓣置换术的学习曲线的临界值,为临床工作提供指导。方法回顾性分析2014年12月—2017年12月37例在我院心血管外科完成的机器人辅助下二尖瓣置换术患者的临床资料,根据手术日期排序,计算手术时间、转机时间及阻断时间的累积和(CUSUM)值,绘制曲线并拟合,以手术时间的最高CUSUM值为分界点将患者进行分组,比较两组患者一般资料、手术时间、转机时间、阻断时间、手术前3 d的总引流量(心包胸骨后及胸腔引流量之和)、住院时间、围术期药物及血制品使用情况、是否行二次开胸手术等方面的差异。结果跨越机器人辅助下二尖瓣置换术手术时间学习曲线的最低例数为9例,跨越转机时间、阻断时间的最低例数分别为12、11例。以第9例为界进行分组,两组在术后第2、3天总引流量及术后红细胞、血浆用量的差异有显著性(Z=2.21~2.55,P<0.05)。结论机器人辅助下二尖瓣置换术从学习阶段进入熟练阶段需要累积的最低手术例数为9例,学习阶段应密切关注患者病情的变化,积极改善预后。

基于知信行评估的PDCA管理对心脏瓣膜置换术后患者临床疗效的影响及其安全性

目的:探究在知信行评估的基础上应用计划-执行-检查-处理循环法(PDCA)干预对心脏瓣膜置换术后患者临床疗效的影响和安全性。方法:选择2020年1月~2021年12月于中国人民解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院接受心脏瓣膜置换术的患者150例,根据电脑随机分组法分为对照组和观察组,各75例。对照组接受日常健康宣教,研究组在知信行评估方案基础上联合PDCA管理干预,两组均干预4周。对比两组抗凝治疗认知度、华法林抗凝国际标准化比值(INR)控制水平、自我护理能力、依从性、焦虑情况、生活质量和并发症发生率。结果:与对照组比较,观察组干预4周后对抗凝治疗认知度[(8.22±2.33)分比(13.57±2.79)分]、自我护理能力量表(ESCA)[(124.68±11.85)分比(155.16±10.45)分]评分及治疗依从性(73.33%比97.33%)均明显提升,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分[(10.53±1.54)分比(7.13±1.25)分]显著降低(P均<0.001);术后3、6个月,观察组INR均显著提高(P均<0.01);6个月后,观察组健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评分[(77.20±3.59)分比(86.22±3.52)分]显著提高,并发症发生率(24.00%比5.33%)显著降低(P均<0.001)。结论:对行心脏瓣膜置换术患者应用基于知信行评估的PDCA管理,可显著提升患者抗凝药物认知度、抗凝疗效和依从性,同时减轻不良情绪和减少并发症,改善患者预后。

Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement

Background:Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion(SLAAO)may be associated with a lower risk of thromboembolism in patientswith atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac surgery.However,evidence regarding the effectiveness of SLAAO in patients undergoingmechanical heart valve replacement(MHVR)is lacking.Therefore,we aimed to evaluate the association between SLAAO and thecardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing MHVR.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data for 497 patients with atrial fibrillation;27.6%of the patients underwent SLAAO,andthe remainder of the patients did not(No-SLAAO group).The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke,systemicembolism,and all-cause mortality.Cumulative event-free survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves,and weperformed multivariate Cox analyses to evaluate the association between SLAAO and outcomes.We used one-to-one propensityscore matching to balance patients’baseline characteristics,and analyzed 120 matching pairs.Results:Five patients died within 30 days postoperatively,and there were no significant differences between the two groupsregarding in-hospital complications(all P>0.05).After a median follow-up of 14 months,14 primary events occurred.Kaplan-Meier curves showed no difference in the cumulative incidence of freedom from the primary outcome(log-rank P=0.830),hemorrhagic events(log-rank P=0.870),and the secondary outcome(log-rank P=0.730),between the two groups.MultivariableCox proportional hazards regression analysis showed no association between SLAAO and any outcome(all P>0.05).Afterpropensity score matching,cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time,and the postoperative length of stay weresignificantly longer in the SLAAO group(all P<0.05);results were similar to the unadjusted analyses.Conclusions:Concomitant SLAAO and MHVR was associated with longer length of stay,and cardiopulmonary bypass time andaortic cross-clamp time,but was not associated with additional protective effects against thromboembolic events and mortalityduring the 14-month follow-up.

三尖瓣置换术的临床分析(附28例报告)

目的探讨三尖瓣置换术的手术指征、术式及围术期处理方法。方法对28例三尖瓣置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中先天性心脏病6例(2例为再次心脏手术),风湿性心脏病17例(12例为再次心脏手术),感染性心内膜炎3例,其他2例。同期行主动脉瓣二尖瓣置换2例,二尖瓣置换3例,房间隔缺损修补术1例。采用机械瓣膜8枚,进口生物瓣膜20枚。手术均在体外循环下进行,9例采用中低温心脏停跳并行心肌保护术,另外19例均采用浅低温心脏不停跳方法行三尖瓣置换手术,其中6例经股动脉插管。24例采用胸骨正中切口,4例采用右胸前外侧切口经胸腔进行手术。结果3例患者术后早期发生重度低心排,均为联合瓣膜置换患者,其中1例死亡;1例发生三度房室传导阻滞,行永久心脏起搏器植入;2例术前合并肾功不全、术后加重,行血液透析治疗后稳定;1例手术切口延迟愈合,经多次换药后痊愈。除死亡患者外,其余患者复查超声均显示瓣膜功能正常,无瓣周漏。结论三尖瓣置换术是安全有效的手术方法,采用浅低温心脏不停跳方法对单纯的三尖瓣置换术可起到满意的心肌保护效果;风湿性心脏瓣膜术后远期可能发生重度三尖瓣病变,需要进行再次心脏手术,采用股动脉插管经右胸前外侧切口入路可降低再次心脏手术风险;三尖瓣病变严重患者大都合并全身代谢营养障碍,对营养障碍的纠正应贯穿于整个围手术期;对于三尖瓣置换的患者,生物瓣可能是较好的选择。

心肺运动试验评估心脏瓣膜置换术治疗心脏瓣膜疾病患者整体功能变化的临床研究

目的探讨心肺运动试验(CPET)对心脏瓣膜置换术治疗心脏瓣膜疾病患者整体功能变化的评估作用。方法选取2011—2014年度威海市立医院进行心脏瓣膜置换术的心脏瓣膜疾病患者10例,分别在治疗前后进行CPET检查,按照美国加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心标准连续递增功率方案完成症状限制性极限运动,通过对数据标准化分析计算其核心指标,从系统软件导出静息状态、热身状态、无氧阈状态、极限状态时的循环指标及呼吸指标。结果10例心脏瓣膜疾病患者心脏瓣膜置换术后,7例患者整体功能显著改善,3例患者整体功能降低。心脏瓣膜置换术前后峰值摄氧量(L/min、ml·min-1·kg^(-1))、无氧阈(L/min、ml·min-1·kg^(-1)、%pred)、峰值氧脉搏(ml/次)、峰值负荷功率(W)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后峰值摄氧量(%pred)、峰值氧脉搏(%pred)、摄氧效率平台(比值、%pred)、递增功率运动时间(min)较术前升高,二氧化碳通气当量斜率(slope、%pred)、二氧化碳通气当量最低值(比值、%pred)较术前降低(P<0.05)。心脏瓣膜置换术后极限状态时收缩压较术前升高(P<0.05);热身状态时氧脉搏较术前升高(P<0.05);静息状态、热身状态、无氧阈状态时其他3个状态摄氧通气效率较术前升高(P<0.05);无氧阈状态、极限状态时二氧化碳通气当量较术前降低(P<0.05)。心脏瓣膜置换术后静息状态、热身状态时分钟通气量较术前降低(P<0.05);静息状态、无氧阈状态时潮气量较术前降低(P<0.05);极限状态时呼吸频率较术前升高(P<0.05);静息状态、热身状态、无氧阈状态时呼吸交换比值、潮气末氧分压较术前降低(P<0.05);4个状态时潮气末二氧化碳分压较术前升高(P<0.05)。结论 CPET是一项可以安全、无创、客观、定量、可重复地评估心脏瓣膜置换术患者整体功能的临床检查方法。CPET检查结果提示,心脏瓣膜置换术治疗心脏瓣膜疾病后大多数患者循环系统、呼吸系统、循环系统和呼吸系统匹配整体功能明显改善,是心脏瓣膜疾病的有效治疗方法。

两种人工瓣环置入修复单纯二尖瓣环扩张引起的二尖瓣关闭不全的比较

背景:退行性二尖瓣关闭不全的病例有逐渐增加的趋势,而单纯二尖瓣环扩张引起的二尖瓣关闭不全是退行性二尖瓣关闭不全的一种类型,国内尚无关于此类二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗的临床研究报告。目的:观察单纯瓣环置入修复单纯二尖瓣环扩张引起的二尖瓣关闭不全早中期生物相容性的反应。方法:单纯二尖瓣瓣环扩张致二尖瓣关闭不全患者48例,均行二尖瓣人工瓣环置入修复,其中使用Carpentier-Edwards生理环23例、SJMTM刚性鞍形成形环25例。出院后随访,采用超声心动图观察心功能和二尖瓣反流程度等变化,并比较两种瓣环与宿主生物相容性有无差别。结果与结论:围术期无死亡,均治愈出院。48例均获随访,随访率100%,随访时间3个月至4年,无死亡病例。NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级16例。与术前比较,随访期超声心动图显示左心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、肺动脉收缩压和反流速面积/左房面积均明显减少(P<0.01),左室射血分数明显增加(P<0.01)。跨瓣压差均<3 mm Hg。二尖瓣无明显返流36例,微量返流10例,轻度反流2例。未出现成形环断裂、成形环撕脱及溶血现象。Carpentier-Edwards生理环组和SJMTM刚性鞍形成形环组比较,上述各指标差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结果提示对于因单纯二尖瓣环扩张引起的退行性二尖瓣关闭不全,通过正确的置入技巧、选择合适的人工瓣环,应用人工瓣环置入有与宿主生物较好的生物相容性反应,置入后的瓣膜替代功能良好。

带瓣膜主动脉瓣支架的研制及经导管植入动物实验

目的:研制可经导管植入的带瓣膜主动脉瓣支架,探索经导管植入该瓣膜支架的可行性。方法:采用0.2mm镍钛记忆合金丝编织内径为15～19mm的网状支架。取牛心包,经固定处理后,按仿形类比设计的方法修剪成瓣叶,并缝合在支架的远端,制成带瓣膜主动脉瓣支架。所有瓣膜支架行体外冲水实验、释放实验、体外管道内释放及静态实验。小香猪7只,采用经导管逆行的方法行升主动脉内置入瓣膜支架的动物实验。结果:研制的带瓣膜主动脉瓣支架,经体外试验证明瓣膜关闭良好,反向均为中心水流,并明确该瓣膜支架能经导管顺利释放,释放后能迅速完全扩张,在管道内固定牢靠。采用12F～16F的输送导管,6只实验动物经髂总动脉植入,所有瓣膜支架均能顺利跨过主动脉弓达升主动脉,并顺利释放,除1例瓣膜支架释放后未完全扩张、移位外,其余均迅速完全扩张、固定良好。24h后处死动物解剖,见支架固定,支架内未见血栓。结论:该带瓣膜主动脉瓣支架启闭功能、自膨功能良好,压缩后的体积符合经导管植入的要求,可采用逆行的方法经髂总动脉植入于升主动脉内,释放后能迅速扩张,固定牢靠。

主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术后短期超声心动图和血N末端B型利钠肽原浓度变化特点分析

目的:探讨主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)术后6个月内心功能、主动脉瓣跨瓣压差及血流速度特点,以明确TAVR术后心功能、主动瓣跨瓣压差的变化规律,为临床治疗提供指导信息。方法:2013-12至2015-12连续入选常规外科换瓣手术禁忌或美国胸外科医师学会(STS)评分高危、在我院成功行TAVR治疗的49例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者。在TAVR治疗前后、术后1个月及6个月时,所有患者接受超声心动图检查和血N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)检测,记录左心室射血分数、主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差、最大跨瓣压差、最大跨瓣血流速度和血NT-pro BNP浓度。TAVR术前左心室射血分数<50%的患者分入心功能不全组,左心室射血分数≥50%的患者分入心功能正常组,观察两组患者TAVR术后心功能和NT-pro BNP浓度变化。结果:49例患者中,心功能不全组15例(30.6%),心功能正常组34例(69.4%)。TAVR治疗后7 d内,所有患者的左心室射血分数[(56.0±14.6)%vs(52.5±13.8)%]、主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差[(11±5)mmH g(1 mmH g=0.133 kP a)vs(58±18)mmH g]、最大跨瓣压差([21.7±9.5)mmH g vs(93.0±28.6)mmH g]、最大跨瓣血流速度([2.3±0.5)m/s vs(4.8±0.7)m/s]、血NT-proB NP浓度[1 831(1 098~3 363)pg/ml vs 3 842(1 763~8 664)pg/ml]、主动脉瓣瓣口面积[(1.57±0.43)cm2 vs(0.58±0.23)cm2]较术前均有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后6个月内,患者的左心室射血分数仍持续上升,尤以心功能不全组为著;主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差、最大跨瓣血流速度、NT-proB NP浓度较术后持续下降,纽约心脏协会心功能分级持续改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:TAVR是外科手术禁忌或STS评分高危的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的一种有效治疗方式,在6个月内可明显且持续改善患者的心功能,左心功能不全患者改善尤为明显。

再次二尖瓣瓣膜替换72例

目的：随着心脏手术的广泛开展,需要再次进行瓣膜替换的手术日趋增多。文中总结72例心脏再次二尖瓣瓣膜替换术的治疗经验。方法：自1995年1月至2007年12月共72例行心脏手术患者再次手术替换二尖瓣,再次瓣膜手术距第1次手术1~21年,平均（13.7±6.7）年。同期行左心房血栓清除13例,三尖瓣成形39例。全组均采用中低温体外循环冷晶体停跳、温血停博液持续灌注的心肌保护方法。结果：手术早期死亡2例,病死率2.8%,其余随访期间无死亡,心功能均得到明显改善。结论：再次行二尖瓣瓣膜替换术安全可行,术中应加强心肌保护,积极处理三尖瓣返流,并尽可能采用三尖瓣环成形术。

改良迷宫同期瓣膜置换联合射频消融治疗心房纤颤100例临床分析

目的探讨瓣膜置换手术中射频消融改良迷宫术治疗心房纤颤的疗效。方法本科2006年3月至2009年12月期间收治的100例风湿性心脏病合并心房纤颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)患者,行瓣膜置换手术,同时采用双极射频消融改良迷宫治疗心房纤颤,回顾性分析并随访比较手术前后心电图、超声心动图检查指标。结果术毕窦性心律者91例(91.0%),交界性心律者8例(8.0%),房颤者1例(1.0%);术后6个月随访:窦性心律者80例(82.5%),交界性心律者17例(17.5%),无房颤者。无Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞发生,无因出血二次开胸,因严重心功能不全致围手术期死亡3例。结论改良迷宫同期瓣膜置换联合射频消融治疗心房纤颤操作简单,安全,治疗效果好。

右美托咪啶对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：评价右美托咪啶对体外循环（CPB）下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：择期CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者40例，性别不限，年龄40～65岁，ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级，采用随机数字表法，将患者随机分为两组（n=20）：对照组（C组）和右美托咪啶组（D组）。麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射右美托咪啶0.6μg /kg（15min内），随后以0.2μg？kg-1？h-1速率输注至术毕，C组给予等容量生理盐水。分别于麻醉诱导前（T0）、主动脉开放后30min（T1）、6h（T2）、12h（T3）、24h（T4）、48h（T5）时采集静脉血样，测定血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）的浓度，以及血清TNF-？和IL-6的浓度。记录手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放后自动复跳率、CPB时间、术后气管拔管时间、ICU停留时间。结果：与T0时比较，T1～4时C、D两组血浆cTnI和CK-MB浓度及血清TNF-？和IL-6浓度升高（P〈0.05）；与C组比较，T1～4时D组血浆cTnI和CK-MB浓度及血清TNF-？和IL-6浓度降低（P〈0.05）；与C组比较，D组术后气管拔管时间和ICU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）。结论：右美托咪啶能减轻体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤，其机制可能与抑制促炎性细胞因子释放有关。