Assessing the Association between Heart Attack, High Blood Pressure, and Heart Disease Mortality Rates and Particulate Matter and Socioeconomic Status Using Multivariate Geostatistical Model

This study addresses the public concerns of potential adverse health effects from ambient fine particulate matter as well as socioeconomic factors. Heart attack, high blood pressure, and heart disease mortality rates were investigated against fine particulate matter and socioeconomic status, for all counties in the United States in 2013. Multivariate multiple regressions as well as multivariate geostatistical predictions show that these are significant factors towards assessing the causal inferences between exposure to air pollution and socioeconomic status and the three mortality rates.

General awareness of symptoms of myocardial infarction and the need for urgent treatment:A cross-sectional,street survey in Chennai,Tamil Nadu

Objective:To investigate the golden-time-awareness of and the necessary actions in response to acute myocardial infarction among the general public.Methods:This study was conducted with the use of a descriptive research design and convenience sampling.A sample of 800 subjects,using self-structured knowledge questionnaires,was selected for data collection and analysis.The study was conducted at Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research Institute,India,from February to November 2022.Awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and intervention timeline(the golden time)was investigated.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the demographic factors affecting the recognition of the golden time of acute myocardial infarction.Results:A total of 800 subjects were included.Among the subjects,367(45.8%)were male,433(54.2%)were female,and 443(55.3%)participants failed to recognize the golden time.Our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people with a bachelor’s degree(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.23-0.74,P=0.03)and a high school level diploma(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.31-0.97,P=0.03)are more likely to know about myocardial infarction(golden time)than illiterate people.Additionally,people who are employed(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.05)are more likely to know about myocardial infarction(golden time)than those who are not.Conclusions:The majority of people in the awareness group realize that taking myocardial infarction patients to the hospital would be the best course of action.The unawareness of the ideal treatment window for myocardial infarction may cause a delay in seeking medical attention,which can lead to an increase in mortality and morbidity.

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease—Two Pandemics, One Success

Background: COVID-19 has had a major impact on all facets of life in the United States. Its devastating effects have resulted in the mobilization of major resources, both at the national, state, and individual levels. This mobilization has resulted in vaccination, personal preventive measures, and new therapies to combat this illness. As a result, the rates of new infections, hospitalizations, and deaths have greatly diminished, minimizing the associated morbidity and mortality. Purpose: What has not been appreciated is that a more serious epidemic has continued unabated in the United States and the Western world. This article emphasizes the importance of a national effort to eradicate cardiovascular disease. Methods: Cardiovascular disease has caused more deaths than COVID-19 in almost all months since the COVID-19 epidemic was first recognized in December 2020. In fact, cardiovascular disease has caused more deaths than either all cancers combined or infections for the last two decades. The tragedy of this truth is that effective therapy is currently available for preventing and reversing cardiovascular disease at a very low cost. What is required is a concerted effort and commitment by all legislative and medical organizations to allocate the resources to abolish asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. Results: Recognition and mobilization of resources to combat this epidemic are much overdue with the resultant savings of lives and billions of dollars. It is past time for the medical establishment to support the national identification of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease and initiate treatment before patients become symptomatic with this deadly disease. Conclusion: The national experience with COVID-19 has demonstrated what can be accomplished when a national concerted effort is made to address a devastating medical epidemic. This commitment is not only feasible for cardiovascular disease, but is also necessary for the benefit of all people in the world.

Awareness of the Importance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills Following the Sudden Cardiac Arrest of Damar Hamlin during a Buffalo Bills Game

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving skill that is often overlooked until a tragic event occurs. A popular NFL player, Damar Hamlin, safety for the Buffalo Bills, suffered a cardiac arrest on January 2, 2023. Due to prompt intervention and CPR, Hamlin survived the arrest and is playing again. This research sought to understand how people respond to this event on the internet. It also seeks to understand how this response can be used to raise CPR awareness. Design and Methods: Using Google Trends and Twitter data, we searched, downloaded, and retrospectively analyzed search interests relative to Hamlin’s cardiac arrest for a one-year duration. We searched for related keywords in the United States from March 2022 to March 2023, including “Damar Hamlin”, “sudden cardiac death”, “heart attack”, and “CPR”. Results: There was a significant rise in post-event Google searches that combined the terms “Damar Hamlin” and “SCD” (M = -28898.88, SE = 1537.66;t = 1.62, p Conclusion: Based on the analytics of these platforms, it can be concluded that there were active discussions and an awareness of life-saving skills such as CPR along with Hamlin’s cardiac event by his fans, as demonstrated by the data gathered from these platforms. This can provide us with valuable insight into human behavior and help us leverage this knowledge to promote health.

Posture Detection of Heart Disease Using Multi-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH)Model

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally.This disease causes loss of heart muscles and is also responsible for the death of heart cells,sometimes damaging their functionality.A person’s life may depend on receiving timely assistance as soon as possible.Thus,minimizing the death ratio can be achieved by early detection of heart attack(HA)symptoms.In the United States alone,an estimated 610,000 people die fromheart attacks each year,accounting for one in every four fatalities.However,by identifying and reporting heart attack symptoms early on,it is possible to reduce damage and save many lives significantly.Our objective is to devise an algorithm aimed at helping individuals,particularly elderly individuals living independently,to safeguard their lives.To address these challenges,we employ deep learning techniques.We have utilized a vision transformer(ViT)to address this problem.However,it has a significant overhead cost due to its memory consumption and computational complexity because of scaling dot-product attention.Also,since transformer performance typically relies on large-scale or adequate data,adapting ViT for smaller datasets is more challenging.In response,we propose a three-in-one steam model,theMulti-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH).Thismodel integrates a real-time posture recognition framework to identify chest pain postures indicative of heart attacks using transfer learning techniques,such as ResNet-50 and VGG-16,renowned for their robust feature extraction capabilities.By incorporatingmultiple heads into the vision transformer to generate additional metrics and enhance heart-detection capabilities,we leverage a 2019 posture-based dataset comprising RGB images,a novel creation by the author that marks the first dataset tailored for posture-based heart attack detection.Given the limited online data availability,we segmented this dataset into gender categories(male and female)and conducted testing on both segmented and original datasets.The training accuracy of our model reached an impressive 99.77%.Upon testing,the accuracy for male and female datasets was recorded at 92.87%and 75.47%,respectively.The combined dataset accuracy is 93.96%,showcasing a commendable performance overall.Our proposed approach demonstrates versatility in accommodating small and large datasets,offering promising prospects for real-world applications.

Public knowledge of heart attack symptoms in Beijing residents

Background Definitive treatment for heart attack is early reperfusion with either angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy, and the benefit is strictly time-dependent. Patient outcomes are improved with either therapy when initiated as soon as possible. Recognition of heart attack symptoms is logically tied to taking action to receive prompt emergency care. Inadequate knowledge of heart attack symptoms may prolong delay. The purpose of this study was to document knowledge about heart attack symptoms in Beijing residents and to identify the characteristics associated with increased knowledge of heart attack. Methods A structured survey was conducted in 18 communities in Beijing from March 1 through June 10 in 2006. Addresses and participants were selected randomly following a stratification. The survey was designed to collect knowledge of heart attack symptoms from sampled adults in each community. Results A total of 4627 respondents completed the questionnaires correctly, and 50.29% of them were female. Totally 64.15% of the respondents reported chest pain or discomfort （common symptoms） as a symptom of heart attack; 75.38% reported at least one of the following eight symptoms as a symptom of heart attack： back pain, shortness of breath, arm pain or numbness, nausea or vomiting, neck, jaw or shoulder pain, epigastric pain, sweating, weakness （less common symptoms）; 20.36% correctly reported four or more heart attack symptoms, only 7.4% knew all the correct heart attack symptoms, and 28.94% knew about reperfusion therapy for heart attack; 31.7% reported to call 120 or 999 while having a heart attack themselves; however 89.6% reported to call 120 or 999 when someone else is suffering from a heart attack. Very old persons and those with health insurance coverage, high education level, high household income, longer living in Beijing and previous experience with heart disease had greater knowledge of heart attack symptoms. Conclusions Public knowledge of common heart attack symptoms as well as less common heart attack symptoms is deficient in Beijing residents. But their knowledge of calling emergency medical services when someone is having a heart attack is relatively adequate. Public health efforts are needed to increase the recognition of the major heart attack symptoms in both the general public and groups at high risk for an acute cardiac event, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups, including persons with low education level, low household income, and no health insurance coverage.

Heart attack pervasiveness along with associated risk factors in District Headquarter Hospital in Karak,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan

Objective:To investigate the possible risk factors among heart patients of Karak District.Methods:Different questions were asked from the respondents regarding their educational level,stress taking,smoking,mode of medication and diabetic history.A total of 72 heart patients were included in this study with the confirmed medical history of myocardial disorder/heart attack either once or twice.Results:It was revealed in this study that a high prevalence of heart attack was observed in respondents at secondary level of education i.e.73.33%.This was followed by the respondents at primary level of education having 63.64%heart patients and then respondents at postgraduate educational level having 61.11%heart patients.Least number of heart patients were found at graduate group i.e.27.78%heart patients.This study revealed that stress takers were at a higher risk of heart attack,while nonstress takers were comparatively healthier than stress takers.About 83.33%stress taker respondents were heart patients,while 76.67%healthy respondents were nonstress takers.Current study also revealed that smoking was a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases as 88.10%heart patients were either occasional smokers or chain smokers,while 66.67%nonsmokers were healthy with no symptoms of heart disease.Self-medication was found an elevated cause of heart diseases as 76.19%heart patients had a history of self-medication.Conclusions:This practice was found low in healthy respondents where only 23.81%respondents had self-medication in their past history.Diabetes was found the associated disease with the heart patients.

Aspirin Helped Reduce Heart Attack Death Rate

本刊曾经多次刊登文章盛赞百年老药阿斯匹林。去年第10期就载文称阿斯匹林能抗前列腺癌,今又消息文称,阿斯匹林能减少心脏病人的死亡率。百年老药.青春犹在,至今仍能让人们不断发现其新的功效！本文除了传递了有关阿斯匹林的新信息之外,以下观点,也让我们耳目一新: Even as we live and practice medicine in an era of high technology,we mustalways remember that widespread application of relatively low technology,efficacious(有效的;灵验的),and cost-effective(有成本效益的,值得花费的)therapies is often the way we help most of our patients and provide the greatestaggregate(集合的;聚合的)benefit for the broader population. 上句是否可以这样译: 即使我们生活、就医在一个高科技的时代,但是,我们仍必须一直牢记:科技含量相对较低却又广为应用的东西,其灵验而又具有成本效益的治疗常常是我们帮助大多数患者,为广大群众提供最大利益的途径。 上句的难点在于:如何理解provide the greatest aggregate benefit for thebroader population的主语。

Alcohol Cuts Heart Attack Risk in Men

选注者言:本文的主题句开门见山地告诉读者:frequent tippling(少喝常饮,常饮少量烈酒)of beer,wine or even spirits lowers a man’s risk of heart attack(心脏病发作)。但是,让我们感到不解的是文中的另一句话:alcohol affects womendifferently than men and that it would be"premature and unwise"to extrapolate(推断)the results beyond men。现代科技尚不能揭开这个谜:男性每日少量饮酒能降低心脏病的风险,而女性经常喝酒,却会增加得乳腺癌的机会。此句中的premature and unwise可以学用,而extrapolate一词则用得太文绉绉了。