THE SECRETORY STIGMAS IN POPULUS: DEVELOPMENT, CYTOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASTRUCTURE AND THEIR RELATION TO INTERSECTIONAL INCOMPATIBILITY *

The stigmas of five species, Populus euphratica Oliv., P. alba L., P. simonii Carr., P. lasiocarpa Oliv. and P. nigra L. have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy re veals that exudates are present in the intercellular spaces, in the clefts between the multicel lular papillae and on the receptive surface. Release and movement of exudates can be visual ized when the fresh stigmas are stained with sudan Ⅲ and auramine O. Paraffin and semi thin resin sections of stigmas after glutaraldehyde osmium fixation evidence the lipidic nature of the exudates. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the glandular features of the stigmatic papillae cells, such as abundance of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, and well developed dictyosomes with secretory vesicles. Pellicle and epicuticular lamellate layers which have been considered as typical features of the dry type stigmas are also present in the species where stigmas appear extremely wet. It is concluded that stigmas in all of the five species are secretory at the receptive stage. Well developed generative and sperm cells were observed in the pollen tubes penetrating through the deep layers of the stigmatic tissue in the reciprocal crosses between P. euphratica and P. simonii, which indicated that there is no significant barrier in the stigma.

Genetic and Geographic Patterns of Duplicate DPL Genes Causing Genetic Incompatibility Within Rice:Implications for Multiple Domestication Events in Rice

Strong genetic incompatibilities exist between two primary rice subspecies,indica and japonica.However,the wild ancestors of rice,O.nivara Sharma et Shastry and O.rufipogon Griff.,are genetically compatible.How this genetic incompatibility became established has not been clearly elucidated.To provide insights into the process,we analyzed a pair of hybrid sterility genes in rice,DOPPELGANGER 1(DPL1)and DOPPELGANGER 2(DPL2).Either of the two loci can have one defective allele(DPL1-and DPL2-).Hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1-and DPL2-alleles is sterile.To explore the origination of DPL1-and DPL2-,we sequenced the DPL1 and DPL2 genes of 811 individual plants,including Oryza sativa(132),O.nivara(296)and O.rufipogon(383).We then obtained 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O.sativa from online databases.Using these sequences,we analyzed the genetic and geographic distribution patterns of DPL genes in modern rice and its wild ancestors.Compared with the ancestral populations,DPL1-and DPL2-showed reduced diversity but increased frequency in modern rice.We speculated that the diversity reduction was due to a historic genetic bottleneck,and the frequency had likely increased because the defective alleles were preferred following this artificial selection.Such results indicated that standing variances in ancestral lines can lead to severe incompatibilities among descendants.Haplotype analysis indicated that the DPL1-haplotype of rice emerged from an O.nivara population in India,whereas the DPL2-haplotype emerged from O.rufipogon in South China.Hence,the evolutionary history of DPLs conforms to the presumed multiple domestication events of modern rice.

Sulfolane-Graphite Incompatibility and Its Mitigation in Li-ion Batteries

The non-flammability and high oxidation stability of sulfolane(SL)make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,its incompatibility with graphitic anode prevents the realization of these advantages.To understand how this incompatibility arises on molecular level so that it can be suppressed,we combined theoretical calculation and experimental characterization and reveal that the primary Li^(+) solvation sheath in SL is depleted of fluorine source.Upon reduction,SL in such fluorine-poor solvation sheath generates insoluble dimer with poor electronic insulation,hence leading to slow but sustained parasitic reactions.When fluorine content in Li^(+)-SL solvation sheath is increased via salt concentration,a high stability LiF-rich interphase on graphite can be formed.This new understanding of the failure mechanism of graphite in SL-based electrolyte is of great significance in unlocking many possible electrolyte solvent candidates for the high-voltage cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.

ABO incompatibility in renal transplantation

ABO blood group incompatibility(ABO-I)was historically considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation due to the significant risk of acute antibody-mediated rejection and early graft loss.Nevertheless,the urge to minimize the gap between the candidates’number on the waitlist for kidney transplants and the available kidney donors encourage investigation into finding ways to use organs from ABO-I kidney donors,especially in the era of using more potent immunosuppression therapies.This review aims to discuss a general overview of ABO-I kidney transplantation and the different protocols adopted by some transplant centers to meaningfully overcome this barrier.

Identification of Self-Incompatibility Genotypes in Some Sand Pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by PCR-RFLP Analysis

The identification of self-incompatibility genotype （S-genotype） will be useful for selection of pollinizers and design of crossing in cultivar improvement of sand pear. This paper reported the identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of seven Chinese and two Japanese sand pear cultivars using PCR-RFLP analysis and S-RNase sequencing. The Sgenotypes of these cultivars were determined as follows： Huali 1 S1S3, Shounan S1S3, Xizilti S1S4, Qingxiang S3S7, Sanhua S2S7, Huangmi （Imamuranatsu） S1S6, Huali 2 S3S4, Baozhuli S7S33, Cangxixueli S5S15. S-RNase alleles （S1 to S9） in sand pear could be identified effectively by PCR-RFLP analysis.

Study on the cytoplasmic incompatibility in some natural population of Culex pipiens complex in China and Japan

The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.

Heterosis of Double Low Self-incompatibility in Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.)

66 F 1 hybrids, produced by 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties with a North Carolina II (NCII) crossing design, were tested for their heterosis in Wuhan, China during two growing seasons from 1999 - 2001. The results showed that significant differences were found between F1s and their parents for yield per plant and seed oil content. Mid-parent heterosis of these two characters ranged from 5.50% -64.11% and from 1.55% -7.44% respectively. Heterosis for seed yield per plant was greater than that of seed oil content. For yield components, heterosis of total number of siliques per plant was the highest, followed by seed number per silique and 1 000 seeds weight. Significant genotype-by-year interaction was found for seed yield per plant. Results from correlation and combining ability analysis indicated that parental effects on its F! hybrid depended on characters, seed yield per plant was affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and seed oil content was affected mainly by additive effect. When designing hybrid programme, parents might be selected by GCAs and variances of SCAs of parents for the characters affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of female and male parents for the characters mainly affected by additive effects.

Anatomical Studies on Compatibility and Incompatibility of Some Solanaceous Plant Species to Field Dodder (<i>Cuscuta campestris</i>Yuncker)

Four solanaceous plant species, namely hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMiller) were anatomically screened for compatibility/incompatibility to field dodder (Cuscuta campestrisYuncker, Cuscutaceae). The development of field dodder haustorium within stem tissues of the studied solanaceous plants was found to depend on the latter’s response to the former’s penetration. In hot pepper and tobacco, which showed a positive response, the haustorium was well developed and its searching hyphae established connections with their vascular tissues. However, potato and tomato showed a negative response and acquired different defense mechanisms against the parasitism of field dodder. In both of them, the field dodder haustorium and/or its searching hyphae exhibited distorted appearance and failed to establish connection with their vascular tissues. Thus, the tested solanaceous plant species could be classified as either compatible (hot pepper and tobacco) or incompatible (potato and tomato) hosts to field dodder.

Outcomes of ABO-incompatible liver transplantation in end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)are eligible for liver transplantation(LT)in Africa and Southeast Asia,particularly China.However,the outcome of HIV-HBV coinfected patients referred for ABO-incompatible LT(ABOi-LT)is unknown.AIM To clarify the outcome of ABOi-LT for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with endstage liver disease(ESLD).METHODS We report on two Chinese HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD who underwent A to O brain-dead donor LT and reviewed the literature on HIV-HBV coinfected patients treated with ABO-compatible LT.The pretransplantation HIV viral load was undetectable,with no active opportunistic infections.Induction therapy consisted of two sessions of plasmapheresis and a single dose of rituximab in two split doses,followed by an intraoperative regimen of intravenous immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone,and basiliximab.Post-transplant maintenance immunosuppressive agents consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil,and prednisone.RESULTS At the intermediate-term follow-up,patients showed undetectable HIV viral load,CD4(+)T cell counts greater than 150 cells/μL,no HBV recurrence,and stable liver function.A liver allograft biopsy showed no evidence of acute cellular rejection.Both patients survived at 36-42 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION This is the first report of ABOi-LT in HIV-HBV recipients with good intermediate-term outcomes,suggesting that ABOi-LT may be feasible and safe for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD.

Galaxy Evolution by the Incompatibility between Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter

The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter cannot contact baryonic matter. In the conventional CDM (cold dark matter) model, dark matter and baryonic matter are interactive (compatible), so dark matter can contact baryonic matter. However, the conventional CDM model fails to account for the failure to detect dark matter by the contact (interaction) between dark matter and baryonic matter, the shortage of small galaxies, the abundance of spiral galaxies, the old age of large galaxies, and the formation of thin spiral galaxies. The non-interacting (incompatible cold dark matter) model can account for these observed phenomena. The five periods of baryonic structure development in the order of increasing non-interacting (incompatibility) are the free baryonic matter, the baryonic droplet, the galaxy, the cluster, and the supercluster periods.

Necrotic Incompatibility in Crosses of Bread Wheats in Argentina

Abstract： Synthetic wheats are the product of the cross between Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and T. tauschii. The 7＇. tauschii has shown excellent resistance to diseases, salinity, and drought, However, these synthetic wheats are also carriers of genes that produce varying degrees of necrosis, which is expressed as death of tissues in the hybrids （F l） generated from crosses with other bread wheats Necrotic incompatibility is a gradual premature leaf death in certain bread wheat F1 plants and it is caused by the interaction of two genes Nel and Ne2. In this paper 40 hybridizations with T. tauschii in the genetic constitution of some of the two parents made in 2006 and 2007 are presented, and their respective F1 planted at the CEI Barrow （Chacra Experimental de Barrow）. The plants that showed necrotic incompatibility had less growth than the normal F1 at tillering. Symptoms appeared at the beginning of tillering, remaining in that state and till jointing but they never headed. Out of the 16 Argentinean commercial cultivars evaluated, seven had the Ne allele in its genetic constitution and therefore showed necrotic incompatibility, whereas nine of them did not have the NE allele and their F 1 developed normally.

Self-incompatibility Characteristics of 34 Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang

[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-incompatibility strength and characteristics related to pollination and fertilization of different apricot varieties in Xinjiang. [ Method] The pollen amount, pollen germination rate, pollen tube growth status and fruiting setting rate by self-pollina- tion of 34 apricot cultivars in Xinjiang were determined, to analyze the self-incompatibility of different apricot cultivars. [ Result] The average pollen amount per anther of 34 apricot eultivars was 1 213.7, and the average pollen germination rate was 46.0%. There were great differences in the self-incompatlbility of different cuhivars ; most pollen tubes of the euhivars with high self-incompatibility stopped elongating at 1/3 or 1/2 part of the styles, and only a few pollen tubes of the euhivars with low self-incompatibility reached the ovary, and the normal fertilization ratio was significantly lower than that in self-compatible cultivars. [ Conclusion] Among the 34 apricot cuhivars, only 6 cuhivars were self-compatible and the others exhibited gametophyte self-incompatibility. In addition, the fruit setting rate by self-pollination was low.

Molecular Cloning,Expression Analysis and Localization of Exo70A1 Related to Self Incompatibility in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)

The exocyst is a conserved protein complex,and required for vesicles tethering,fusion and polarized exocytosis.Exo70A1,the exocyst subunit,is essential for assembly of the exocyst complex.To better understand potential roles of Exo70A1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis）,we obtained the full-length cDNA of Exo70A1 gene,which consisted of 1 917 bp and encoded a protein of 638 amino acids.BlastX showed BcExo70A1 shared 94.9% identity with Brassica oleracea var.acephala（AEI26267.1）,and clustered into a same group with other homologues in B.oleracea var.acephala and Brassica napus.Subcellular localization analysis showed BcExo70A1 was localized to punctate structures in cytosol of onion epithelial cells.Results showed that BcExo70A1 was widely presented in stamens,young stems,petals,unpollinated pistils,roots and leaves of self compatible and incompatible plants.The transcripts of BcExo70A1 in non- heading Chinese cabbage declined during initial 1.5 h after incompatible pollination,while an opposite trend was presented after compatible pollination.Our study reveals that BcExo70A1 could play essential roles in plant growth and development,and is related to the rejection of self pollen in non-heading Chinese cabbage.

Incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers and corresponding damage mechanism of high-speed railway track structure

In the service period,the instability of ballastless track bed are mostly related to the damage of interlayers which are mainly resulted from the incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers.The temperature field within the ballastless track bed shows significant non-uniformity due to the large difference in the materials of various structure layers,leading to a considerable difference in the force bearing of different structure layers.Unit Ballastless Track Bed(UBTB)is most significantly affected by temperature gradient.The thermal deformation of interlayers within UBTB follows the trend of ellipsoid-shape buckling under the effect of the temperature gradient,resulting in a variation of the contact relationship between structure layers and a significant periodic irregularity on the rail.When the train travels on the periodically irregular rail,the structure layers are locally contacted,and the contact zone moves with the variation of the wheel position.This wheel-followed local contact greatly magnifies the interlayer stress,causes interlayer damage,and leads to a considerable increase in the bending moment of the track slab.Continuous Ballastless Track Bed(CBTB)is most significantly affected by the overall temperature variation,which may cause damage to the joint in CBTB.Under the combined action of the overall temperature rise and the temperature gradient,the interlayer damage continuously expands,resulting in bonding failure between structural layers.The thermal force in the continuous track slabs will cause the up-heave buckling and the sudden large deformation of the track slab,and the loss of constraint boundary of the horizontal stability.For the design of a ballastless track structure,the change of bearing status and structural damage related to the incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers should be considered.

治理竞赛、创新扩散与情境不兼容:基层治理创新悬浮现象的发生逻辑——基于A市居委会轮岗制的案例研究

创新扩散和创新悬浮现象是基层治理研究的重要议题,但围绕两个议题的整合性研究并不多。基于对A市居委会轮岗制扩散过程和应用结果的案例研究,发现基层治理创新的构成要素和应用场景在扩散中发生明显变化。创新悬浮现象发生的起点是基层治理竞赛的评价标准具有模糊性,模糊性评价造就了在扩散中竞争和创新再生产等行动策略,并导致创新与创新使用者在工作目标、工作经验和工作激励等方面形成情境不兼容问题,进而使创新使用者采取名实分离策略。扩散中的创新再生产可以分为复制、加码、移植和转换四种,情境不兼容包括效率、竞争和社会三种情况,表明创新悬浮现象可以通过多种路径形成。扩散带来的创新悬浮问题表明作为创新调适机制的扩散可能存在积极扩散和消极扩散两种功能。破解基层治理创新悬浮问题有赖于营造更多的积极扩散,在此过程中需要平衡好创新标准化与基层自主性、局部创新与整体创新以及管理知识与执行知识等关系。

33例非O型ABOi肾移植受者围术期血型抗体的变化

目的统计分析非O型ABO血型不相合肾移植(ABOi-KT)受者围手术期结果资料,旨在探寻ABOi-KT患者血浆中血型抗体的变化情况。方法回顾性分析本院2021年1月—2023年10月首次肾移植、血型仅为A型和B型的33对ABOi-KT供、受体的临床资料,供者血型均为AB型,依据受者血型的不同,分为AB供A组(n=18)和AB供B组(n=15)。分析比较术前血浆置换对2组患者抗体效价的影响,术后2组患者血型抗体反弹和肾功能指标(术后d 1、3、7、14的尿素氮、肌酐和肾小球滤过率)的差异。依据术后血型抗体反弹与否,分为抗体反弹组(n=7)和非反弹组(n=26),分析比较初始效价在血型抗体反弹和非反弹组的差异。结果术前血浆置换对患者IgM抗体的清除率在2组间的差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.260,P>0.05);术后d 1、3、7、14,2组患者肾功指标均无统计学差异;AB供B组术后更易出现血型抗体效价反弹(P<0.05);初始IgM抗体效价在血型抗体反弹组和非反弹组有统计学差异(Z=-2.127,P<0.05),但是初始IgG抗体效价(Z=-1.835,P>0.05)在2组间无统计学意义。结论与AB供A组相比,术后AB供B的患者更易发生血型抗体效价反弹。

澳洲坚果主导品种Own Choice的品种配置研究

为了明确澳洲坚果园主导品种Own Choice(O.C)的最适配置品种,选择HAES863、D、D4、HAES816、HAES906、HAES294、HAES900、A4等8个品种为O.C授粉,统计分析不同授粉处理的着果率、杂交不亲和性程度指数、着果花序率、每果序着果数、落果率、壳果横径等指标。结果表明,以着果率及着果花序率统计的杂交不亲和性程度指数发现,HAES863、D、D4、HAES816、HAES906与O.C的杂交亲和性高于A4、HAES294、HAES900。供试品种处理的着果率与着果花序率之间存在正相关关系,初步推断可使用着果花序率代替着果率评价O.C与不同品种的杂交不亲和性程度;8个授粉处理的平均着果花序率为40.60%,可以此推断O.C与不同授粉品种的田间杂交不亲和性程度。综合分析推断,澳洲坚果主导品种O.C的最适配置品种为HAES863和D4,根据小气候可选择性搭配种植D、HAES906、HAES816。

ABO血型不相容儿童活体肝移植的临床疗效分析

目的深入探讨儿童ABO血型不相容活体肝移植的临床疗效及预后情况,为该领域的临床实践提供参考。方法回顾性分析2021—2023年期间在新疆医科大学第一附属医院小儿普外科接受活体肝移植手术的22例患儿的资料。其中,ABO血型相同(ABO-identical,ABO-Id)或相容(ABO-compatible,ABO-C)组共16例,ABO血型不相容(ABO-incompatible,ABO-In)组6例。我们比较了这两组患儿的一般资料、肝移植术后指标、并发症发生情况以及生存情况。结果两组在移植月龄、性别、手术史、PELD评分、捐献者年龄、无肝期时长、手术时长、术后住院时长、他克莫司全血谷浓度和血肌酐值等方面进行比较,结果显示差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组受体的整体累积生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在术后肺部感染、巨细胞病毒感染、排斥反应以及血管并发症的发生率方面,两组间的差异同样无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童ABO血型不相容活体肝移植被认为是一种安全有效的治疗方法,不仅可以扩大供肝来源,而且能够有效挽救患儿的生命。

七类81323条多药配伍“混滴”医嘱回顾性分析

目的为多药(含两种及两种以上主药)配伍“混滴”医嘱审核提供参考依据,确保临床用药安全性。方法医院HIS系统提取静脉用药调配中心审核的81323条多药配伍“混滴”医嘱,按用药目的进行分类;查阅文献资料进行联用合理性和配伍稳定性分析。结果多药配伍“混滴”医嘱共7类,含10%氯化钾、10%氯化钠、胰岛素、维生素C等共28种主药,其中硫酸镁与罂粟碱,维生素B 6与维生素C,胰岛素与两性霉素B,复方甘草酸苷与谷胱甘肽两两间存在配伍禁忌;间苯三酚、复方甘草酸单铵S、阿昔洛韦、前列地尔等药物配伍稳定性资料较少,应避免与其他药物组合联用;电解质与水溶性维生素配伍存在争议,应按说明书要求配伍使用。结论多药配伍“混滴”不能简单看作是药物两两相加,配伍联用除参考文献资料外,还需结合实际操作中的配伍结果进行综合分析,确保临床用药安全性。

ABO次侧不相合血小板输注的有效性和安全性初步研究

目的研究分析紧急特殊情况下ABO次侧不相合血小板输注的有效性与安全性,为ABO次侧不相合血小板输注提供科学依据。方法①收集2013年1月—2023年6月广州市第一人民医院,深圳市中西医结合医院及广东医科大学附属第二医院紧急特殊情况下的24人次ABO次侧不相合血小板输注,为ABO次侧不相合组;收集同期ABO同型血小板输注610人次,用倾向评分匹配的方法从中筛选出拥有相似特征的24人次ABO同型血小板输注,为ABO同型组。比较两组间血小板输注疗效,患者住院天数及肝肾功能等指标的差异,分析ABO次侧不相合组急性溶血性输血反应发生率。②体外模拟受血者输注ABO次侧不相合血小板,盐水介质法检测输注后的红细胞凝集强度。结果①回顾分析中ABO次侧不相合组的血小板差值(ΔPLT)和血小板回收率(PPR)分别为(18.0±20.2)×10^(9)/L,(55.4±54.5)%;ABO同型组则分别为(20.6±15.4)×10^(9)/L,(61.9±48.9)%,以上指标两组间无统计学差异,t值分别为0.51,0.46,P均>0.05。②ABO次侧不相合组患者的住院天数,谷丙转氨酶(ALT),肌酐(Cr),IgG免疫球蛋白,IgM免疫球蛋白,CD4计数,CD8计数及B淋巴细胞计数分别为(30.4±17.8)d,(33.0±16.3)U/L,(104.9±64.7)μmol/L,(9.1±2.6)g/L,(1.24±0.83)g/L,(299.3±341.5)cells/μL,(475.7±283.9)cells/μL,(142.8±218.6)cells/μL;ABO同型组患者则分别为(29.5±17.5)d,(31.1±40.5)U/L,(95.6±55.6)μmol/L,(11.8±3.0)g/L,(0.96±0.42)g/L,(397.3±250.9)cells/μL,(622.7±406.6)cells/μL,(190.7±216.6)cells/μL,以上指标两组间无统计学差异,t值分别为0.15,0.01,0.39,1.90,1.03,0.72,0.65,0.21,P均>0.05。③回顾性研究中有24人次的ABO次侧不相合血小板输注,未观察到急性溶血性输血反应发生。④模拟1治疗量的A型血小板输给B型(或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性;模拟1治疗量的B型血小板输给A型(或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性;模拟1治疗量的O型血小板输给A型(或B型或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性。结论①ABO次侧不相合血小板与ABO同型血小板的临床输注疗效相当。②紧急特殊情况下输注不多于1治疗量ABO次侧不相合血小板未发现急性溶血性输血反应。