Effect of inter-cycle heat treatment in accumulative roll-bonding(ARB)process on planar isotropy of mechanical properties of AA1050 sheets

The accumulative roll-bonding(ARB)process was applied on the strips of aluminum alloy 1050 in two processing conditions:cold ARB and warm ARB.The results of tensile tests and microhardness measurement show that the warm ARB process exhibits the lower tensile strength and microhardness,more homogeneous distribution of the microhardness,higher elongation,and especially superior planar isotropy of the tensile properties in comparison to the cold ARB,because of the intermediate heat treatment as well as the elevated temperature rolling in the warm ARB process.Furthermore,with increasing the cycles of both processes,the planar isotropy decreases progressively.

Optimal Control of a Thermoelectric Generator Attached with a Latent Heat Accumulator

Generally MPPT control (maximum power point tracking) is adopted to control of a thermoelectric generator. However, in the case of generation by use of a heat accumulator MPPT control cannot obtain maximum whole electrical output during the operation period. This is because the amount of heat stored in a heat accumulator is limited and easy to be exhausted rapidly by MPPT. Therefore MEPT (Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking) control should be developed to obtain maximum power from limited heat stored in the heat accumulator. When thermoelectric generator is used for waste heat recovery, conversion efficiency is quite difficult to be measured. This is due to time delay between the change of temperature profile in the thermoelectric generator and the change of heat medium temperature. Decrease of output current is desired to enlarge output because decrease of current decreases Peltier heat and improves efficiency of heat recovery. The experimental results indicate that current fluctuated by MPPT control causes loss of power output. We proposed the optimal control in which current is 10% smaller than one of MPPT control and evaluated it experimentally. We call this control scheme MEPT control. In this evaluation 500 W class thermoelectric generator, latent heat accumulator and the test facilities included 30 kW electric heater are utilized. Experimental result shows MEPT control exceeds MPPT in total electricity recovered from heat accumulator.

Effects of Heat Stress during Seed Filling Stage on Brassica napus Seed Oil Accumulation and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics

As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.

Some Aspects of the Analysis during Heating Plastic Tunnel by the Use of Heat from Stone Accumulator

The paper presents the results of research which showed the energy effects when used in foil tunnel heat accumulator. The study was conducted in two tunnels （with and without heat accumulator） and two cycles of growing cucumbers, i.e., in the cultivation of spring and autumn. The heat accumulator is divided into three segments of varying capacity coal deposits （porphyry-type stones）. During the test crops （cucumbers） measured parameters associated with the surrounding climate, microclimate parameters inside the building and parameters of the injected and flowing out air from the accumulator have been monitored and archived by a computer system. The intensity of solar radiation, the technology of cultivation and cultivated species of plants were the same in both the tunnel with heat accumulator as well as the control object. On the basis of the balance of behavior, the heat and mass are described occurring processes related to the exchange of air during ventilation facility. The resulting effects were converted into differences in heat demand between the tunnel and the tunnel with an accumulator of heat. It was found that despite the increase ventilation in adopted arbitrary surface of the foil tunnel, the scope of changes in the amount of heat saved in one of the cultivation is in the range from 0.0015 GJ to over 1.4 GJ of heat.

Numerical simulation on thermal accumulation of cemented tailings backfill

Based on the collaborative exploitation of deep mineral resources and geothermal resources, the thermal accumulation process of cemented tailings backfill(CTB) was studied by numerical simulation. The effects of thermal accumulation time, slurry proportions and temperature conditions on the thermal accumulation of backfill are analyzed, the influence of the heat conduction between backfill and surrounding rock, the heat convection between backfill and airflow on thermal accumulation were compared simultaneously. The results show that the total thermal accumulation capacity increases by approximately 85% within 10-90 d. The influence of surrounding rock temperature and initial temperature on total thermal accumulation capacity is more significant and it is approximately 2 times of the influence of slurry proportions under the conditions of this study. It is clear that the rise of surrounding rock temperature and the decrease of initial temperature can improve the thermal accumulation capacity more effectively. Moreover, the heat conduction accounts for a considerable proportion in the process of thermal accumulation, the average heat conduction capacity is approximately 25 times of the heat convection capacity. This study can provide the theoretical basis and application reference for the optimization of thermal accumulation process of CTB in the exploitation of geothermal resources.

Study on heat efficiency of laser-TIG double-side welding

A series of laser-TIG double-side welding experiments for aluminum alloys were carried out to investigate the heat efficiency of the process. The melting efficiency was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the degree of the mutual effect of the laser and the arc. The results showed that the melting efficiency of laser-TIG double-side welding exceeded the sum of the laser and the arc taken separately. With the increase of heat input, the weld depth and melting efficiency of the laser and the arc were increased signifwantly. This, in fact, implies the strong mutual effect of the laser and the arc as heat sources joined simultaneously in the process. Comparatively, the higher efficiency of the laser constituent of heat sources plays the main role in the increase of the process efficiency. The phenomena of arc column convergence, increased laser absorptivity and the formation of heat accumulation region are the causes of the improvement of heat efficiency.

A Cogeneration System for an Apartment Building Based on Distributed Heat Storage Technology

In order for economically viable distributed generation systems for apartment buildings to spread, it is essential to develop an efficient and low-cost heat supply system. We have developed a new eogeneration system called the Neighboring Cogeneration system （NCG）. The key concept of this system is to install a heat accumulator with a hot water supply and a room heating function at each household and to connect different households by a single loop of hot water pipe. As a result, time leveling of the heat supply and heat transferring among households becomes possible. Thus, the costs of the pipe and the heat source equipment decrease. Furthermore, because all of the heat accumulators store heat, the total heat storage capacity is large enough for cogeneration to generate exhaust heat according to the electricity demand and with a high operating rate. In this paper, we report the results of the NCG system for 7 lived-in households. The controlling system worked efficiently. All of the households were able to use hot water without any difficulties. Further, we report the results of the energy saving effect of the NCG system for 50 lived-in households by means of a simulation based on the experimental results for NEXT21.

Performance Evaluation Methods for Multi-stream Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger

Mathematical model of cross type multi-stream plate-fin heat exchanger is established.Meanwhile,mean square error of accumulative heat load is normalized by dimensionless,and the equations of temperature-difference uniformity factor are improved.Evaluation factors above and performance of heat exchanger are compared and analyzed by taking aircraft three-stream condenser as an example.The results demonstrate that the mean square error of accumulative heat load is common result of total heat load and excess heat load between passages.So it can be influenced by passage arrangement,flow inlet parameters as well as flow patterns.Dimensionless parameter of mean square error of accumulative heat load can reflect the influence of passage arrangement to heat exchange performance and will not change dramatically with the variation of flow inlet parameters and flow patterns.Temperature-difference uniformity factor is influenced by passage arrangement and flow patterns.It remains basically unchanged under a certain range of flow inlet parameters.

Modeling the effects of extreme high-temperature stress at anthesis and grain filling on grain protein in winter wheat

Extreme high-temperature stress(HTS) associated with climate change poses potential threats to wheat grain yield and quality. Wheat grain protein concentration(GPC) is a determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition and is often neglected in attempts to assess climate change impacts on wheat production. Crop models are useful tools for quantification of temperature impacts on grain yield and quality.Current crop models either cannot simulate or can simulate only partially the effects of HTS on crop N dynamics and grain N accumulation. There is a paucity of observational data on crop N and grain quality collected under systematic HTS scenarios to develop algorithms for model improvement as well as evaluate crop models. Two-year phytotron experiments were conducted with two wheat cultivars under HTS at anthesis, grain filling, and both stages. HTS significantly reduced total aboveground N and increased the rate of grain N accumulation, while total aboveground N and the rate of grain N accumulation were more sensitive to HTS at anthesis than at grain filling. The observed relationships between total aboveground N, rate of grain N accumulation, and HTS were quantified and incorporated into the WheatGrow model. The new HTS routines improved simulation of the dynamics of total aboveground N, grain N accumulation, and GPC by the model. The improved model provided better estimates of total aboveground N, grain N accumulation, and GPC under HTS(the normalized root mean square error was reduced by 40%, 85%, and 80%, respectively) than the original WheatGrow model. The improvements in the model enhance its applicability to the assessment of climate change effects on wheat grain quality by reducing the uncertainties of simulating N dynamics and grain quality under HTS.

Variation Characteristics of Heat Resources in Liaoning Province, China in Recent 60 Years and Their Impact on Meteorological Services

To study the temporal and spatial changes of heat resources to serve agricultural production and economic development. The climate data from 1958 to 2017 were selected, and the temporal and spatial changes of heat resources in Liaoning, China were analyzed by using the method of climate diagnosis and analysis. The results show that: the southern coastal area of Liaoning has the most heat resources, the northwestern hilly area and the eastern mountainous area the least, and the central plain area in the middle distribution pattern;compared with 1958-1980, 1981-2017 ≥0&#176;C, ≥10&#176;C accumulated temperature, etc. The value line is advanced 100-160km northward. The accumulated temperature of ≥0&#176;C and ≥10&#176;C in Liaoning experienced abrupt changes in climate in 1993 and 1994, and the climate abrupt change in the southern coastal area was earlier than that in the inland. , the increase in the northwestern hilly area and the eastern mountainous area is less than that in the central plain area and the southern coastal area. The study on the impact on meteorological services found that the increase or decrease of heat resources has a significant impact on agro-meteorological services, which can prolong the growing season of crops, relatively reduce the damage of frost, improve comprehensive utilization of land, and increase crop yields;at the same time, with the increase of heat resources and the northward expansion of the isoline of accumulated temperature, the area affected by pests and diseases has expanded, which has aggravated the harm to agriculture economic burden.

新型乌蔹莓水凝胶对湿热蕴结型痛风性关节炎的干预效果

目的探讨新型乌蔹莓水凝胶对湿热蕴结型痛风性关节炎的干预效果及作用机制。方法选取90例符合痛风性关节炎西医诊断标准、中医辨证属湿热蕴结证的患者作为研究对象,随机分成治疗组、对照组和空白组,每组30例。空白组仅采用依托考昔治疗,对照组采用依托考昔联合乌蔹莓膏治疗,治疗组采用依托考昔联合外敷乌蔹莓水凝胶治疗。比较3组临床疗效、症状改善时间、安全性、舒适性和治疗前后中医证候积分、血清炎性因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血沉(ESR)]、NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、关节活动度变化情况。结果治疗组、对照组治疗总有效率分别为93.33%、90.00%,高于空白组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组疼痛、红肿、压痛、关节活动受限症状改善的时间短于对照组、空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗7 d后,治疗组中医证候积分低于对照组、空白组,治疗组、对照组血清CRP、TNF-α、ESR水平和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白P50、P65表达低于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗7 d后VAS评分低于对照组、空白组,且治疗组用药舒适度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌蔹莓水凝胶对痛风性关节炎的治疗效果优于乌蔹莓膏,其作用机制可能与调控NF-κB通路、抑制炎性因子表达有关,且水凝胶使用方便卫生,舒适性高,有望成为安全、有效、便捷的痛风性关节炎外敷中药。

塔河油田下寒武统烃源岩生排烃史差异演化及成藏效应

针对塔河奥陶系油藏多相态油气富集主控因素认识不清的问题,采用盆地模拟技术再现了塔河油田下寒武统烃源岩热演化史、生烃史及典型剖面油气运聚过程。研究表明:塔河地区下寒武统烃源岩从加里东早期进入成熟阶段,目前处于高成熟—湿气阶段,发育断续埋藏、持续埋藏和长期浅埋藏3种热演化模式,分别对应油气并举双峰型、油强气弱型、单峰型3种生烃模式。烃源岩热演化差异致使奥陶系油气发育多期充注、垂向疏导、侧向调整改造的演化历史,油气相态呈现轻质油藏—中质油藏—重质油藏的有序分布格局。塔河地区不同构造带下寒武统烃源岩热演化具有由北西向南东递增的趋势,与油气相态差异呈现明显的正相关性,体现出“源控”特征,喜山期控制了现今油气藏分布。研究发现,塔河油田盐下、托甫台生烃强度高,喜山期生烃总量相对较大,可作为下一步勘探开发的有利区。研究结果对塔河油田深层油气资源和目标评价有一定指导意义。

Partial-SOI high voltage P-channel LDMOS with interface accumulation holes

A new partial SOI （silion-on-insulator） （PSOI） high voltage P-channel LDMOS （lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor） with an interface hole islands （HI） layer is proposed and its breakdown characteristics are investigated theoretically. A high concentration of charges accumulate on the interface, whose density changes with the negative drain voltage, which increase the electric field （Er） in the dielectric buried oxide layer （BOX） and modulate the electric field in drift region . This results in the enhancement of the breakdown voltage （BV）. The values of E1 and BV of an HI PSOI with a 2-~m thick SOI layer over a 1-~tm thick buried layer are 580V/~m and -582 V, respectively, compared with 81.5 V/p.m and -123 V of a conventional PSOI. Furthermore, the Si window also alleviates the self-heating effect （SHE）. Moreover, in comparison with the conventional device, the proposed device exhibits low on-resistance.

华北赋煤区地热资源富集模式及开发利用方向

【目的】中国是煤炭大国,在煤炭行业迫切需要转型的形势下,研究赋煤区的地热资源成因与分布规律十分必要。华北赋煤区地热资源储量占全国的74.7%,是中国地热资源最富集的区域之一。区内分布有渤海湾盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地和南华北盆地等主要含煤盆地,其岩石圈热状态自东向西逐步降低。地热储包括新生界砂岩孔隙型和寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙型两大类型。碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙热储温度高、水量大、易于回灌,是煤田区地热勘查与开发利用的优先选择。【方法】针对煤田区地热地质的特点,开展地热系统动力学分析,优选华北赋煤区的地热勘查与开发区域。【结果和结论】提出煤田区有以下4种聚热模式:(1)煤层与碳酸盐岩地层储盖组合传导聚热;(2)基岩面起伏变化传导聚热;(3)断裂带地下水活动对流聚热;(4)碳酸盐岩基岩面风化壳岩溶以及侵入体接触面岩溶对流聚热。并结合实例进行数值模拟分析。在此基础上,指出华北赋煤区地热勘查与开发优先方向是深部碳酸盐岩储层中的地热资源。地热能作为非碳基能源之一,以其储量大、清洁、输出连续的特点,在未来社会对电力、燃料和热力三大能源需求中的热力供应方面尤其可以做出重要贡献,而中国地热与煤炭资源在空间分布上的重叠,使地热开发利用成为煤炭行业转型的有效途径之一。

清热利湿方联合美沙拉嗪治疗湿热内蕴证糖尿病肠病临床疗效观察

目的探讨清热利湿方治疗糖尿病肠病疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法将48例湿热内蕴证糖尿病肠病患者按随机数字表法分观察组和对照组,每组24例;两组均口服美沙拉嗪肠溶片,观察组加予清热利湿方日2次口服治疗,统计肠炎疾病量表(inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire,IBDQ)评分及相关症状体征。结果观察组与对照组IBDQ评分各分项得分治疗后均高于治疗前,但观察组分数增加较为明显,且观察组在全身症状、肠道症状、情感功能、社会功能、总分等方面得分增加均高于对照组,在全身症状改善方面尤为显著。两组在生活质量量表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)量表中生理机能(physical functioning,PF)、生理职能(role physical,RP)、活力(vitality,VT)、精神健康(mental health,MH)、整体健康(general health,GH)等方面治疗前与治疗后差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组总有效率91.67%(22/24),两组间疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病例均耐受良好,未见明显不良反应,1年内复发率观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论清热利湿方可以有效清热利湿,改善患者病情,是针对糖尿病肠病的一种有效治疗方案,可以提高湿热内蕴证糖尿病肠病患者的治疗有效率,明显提高患者的生活质量,值得临床进一步研究及推广。

疮愈膏外敷促进湿热蕴结证肛周脓肿术后创面愈合临床研究

目的:观察疮愈膏外敷对湿热蕴结证肛周脓肿术后创面愈合的促进作用。方法:将70例湿热蕴结证肛周脓肿患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例。在术后常规换药基础上,治疗组给予疮愈膏外敷创面治疗,对照组则给予凡士林纱条外敷创面治疗。比较2组临床疗效、创面愈合时间、疼痛评分、创面分泌物评分、肛门功能指标及血清炎症指标水平。结果:治疗2周后,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,2组疼痛、创面分泌物评分均较术后第2天降低,治疗组疼痛、创面分泌物评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,2组肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压均较术前降低,治疗组肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,2组血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)水平均较术后第2天降低,治疗组血清CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:疮愈膏外敷可有效改善肛周脓肿湿热蕴结证术后患者的临床症状,降低炎症指标水平,改善肛门功能,促进创面愈合。

泻黄散加味治疗脾胃积热型小儿便秘疗效及对证候积分的影响

目的研究泻黄散加味与排便训练联合治疗脾胃积热型小儿便秘疗效以及对证候积分和复发的影响。方法将2019年7月—2021年7月共101例脾胃积热型便秘患儿纳入研究,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组,分别为对照组50例和观察组51例,对照组接受双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊和排便训练,而观察组采用泻黄散加味颗粒和排便训练治疗。观察治疗后2组患儿用药前后便秘改善程度及临床疗效差异,比较治疗前后2组患儿中医证候积分、胃肠激素水平[血清胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、胃饥饿素(GHR)]、血清学指标水平[血清P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、一氧化氮(NO)],统计2组不良反应以及半年内复发率并进行比较。结果治疗4周后,2组便秘患者症状自评量表(PAC-SYM)各项评分、大便干结、腹胀、舌红苔黄、口干口臭均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组患儿MTL、GAS、GHR、SP、VIP指标均较治疗前显著提升(P<0.05),且观察组比对照组更高(P<0.05),NO显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组比对照组更低(P<0.05)。2组患儿在治疗期间不良反应发生率相似,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患儿治疗2个月均已治愈,经过6个月的随访,观察组便秘复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论泻黄散加味与排便训练联合治疗脾胃积热型患儿便秘表现出显著效果,使患儿便秘症状和胃肠激素表达均得到可观改善,纠正其消化系统的神经调节机制,有利于预防复发。

血热型寻常性银屑病辨治思考

在审证求机的中医思维指导下,发现血热型寻常性银屑病的“血热”只是表象,其背后隐藏着不同的病因病机,风热蕴毒入血、肝经郁热入血是其主要的两种证候,故确立以解毒和疏肝解郁治本、以清热凉血治标的总原则,可选翘根犀角地黄汤解毒凉血、丹栀逍遥散疏肝解郁,随证治之。

二草清肝合剂联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床研究

目的:观察二草清肝合剂联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)湿热蕴结证的临床疗效。方法:选取104例NAFLD湿热蕴结证患者,按随机数字表法分成对照组和治疗组,每组52例。对照组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予二草清肝合剂治疗。2组均治疗3个月。比较2组临床疗效、生化指标、中医证候评分、氧化应激指标。结果:治疗后,治疗组总有效率94.23%,高于对照组78.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平均较治疗前降低,治疗组血清AST、ALT、TC、TG水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组中医证候评分均较治疗前降低,治疗组中医证候评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组血清正五聚体蛋白3 (PTX3)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平均较治疗前升高,治疗组血清PTX3、SOD、GSH-Px水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:二草清肝合剂联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊治疗NAFLD湿热蕴结证临床疗效较好,能改善肝功能、血脂状况,缓解临床症状,减轻氧化应激反应。

陈华教授从“阴虚瘀热”论治小儿反复呼吸道感染经验总结

[目的]总结陈华教授从“阴虚瘀热”论治小儿反复呼吸道感染的经验。[方法]通过随师临证,总结整理病案资料,阐释陈师治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床经验及方药特色,并通过临床验案加以佐证。[结果]陈师认为,小儿反复呼吸道感染病因为风、痰、瘀、虚,病机为肺脾两虚,痰瘀阻络,迁延不愈,瘀热互结,创新性地提出从“阴虚瘀热”辨治小儿反复呼吸道感染,总结出重视风邪,祛风解表;三因制宜,滋阴清瘀;详辨虚实,巧用和法;顾护中焦,健运脾胃的诊治经验。验案为反复呼吸道感染患儿,辨为阴虚感冒,兼痰瘀阻滞证,陈师分期论治,滋阴清瘀治法贯穿疾病治疗的中后期,迁延期养阴退热、化痰祛瘀,恢复期养阴退热、健脾益气,疗效显著。[结论]陈师继承浙派中医儿科特色,从“阴虚瘀热”辨治小儿反复呼吸道感染,疗效显著,对指导临床有较高实用价值。