Heat shock factor 1 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses inflammation in the severed spinal cord of geckos

The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.

Association between heat shock factor protein 4 methylation and colorectal cancer risk and potential molecular mechanisms:A bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that heat shock factor protein 4(HSF4)facilitates colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.DNA methylation,a major modifier of gene expression and stability,is involved in CRC development and outcome.AIM To investigate the correlation between HSF4 methylation and CRC risk,and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS Differences in β values of HSF4 methylation loci in multiple malignancies and their correlation with HSF4 mRNA expression were analyzed based on Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool.HSF4 methylation-related genes were identified by LinkedOmics in CRC,and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed.Protein-protein interaction network of HSF4 methylation-related genes was constructed by String database and MCODE algorithm.RESULTS A total of 19 CpG methylation loci were identified in HSF4,and their β values were significantly increased in CRC tissues and exhibited a positive correlation with HSF4 mRNA expression.Unfortunately,the prognostic and diagnostic performance of these CpG loci in CRC patients was mediocre.In CRC,there were 1694 HSF4 methylation-related genes;1468 of which displayed positive and 226 negative associations,and they were involved in regulating phenotypes such as immune,inflammatory,and metabolic reprogramming.EGFR,RELA,STAT3,FCGR3A,POLR2K,and AXIN1 are hub genes among the HSF4 methylation-related genes.CONCLUSION HSF4 is highly methylated in CRC,but there is no significant correlation between it and the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC.HSF4 methylation may serve as one of the ways in which HSF4 mediates the CRC process.

Effects of Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a on Caspase-3 Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Temperature Stress

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat shock factor AtHsfAla on Caspase-3 activity in Arabidopsis thaliana under high tempera-ture stress, thus revealing the relationship between heat shock factor AtHsfAl a and programmed cell death in A. thaliana. [ Method ] Different genotypes of A. thaliana （AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic and wild-type） seedlings were treated at 42 ℃. According to the fragmentation level of fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD- pNA, Caspase-3 activity was determined by spectrophotometry. [ Result] After high temperature treatment, Caspase-3 activity in A. thaliana was enhanced signifi-cantly. Caspase-3 activity in AtHsfAla-si／enced transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that in wild-type A. thaliana, which indicated that AtHsfAla could inhibit Caspase-3 activity in A. thaliana under high temperature stress. [ Conclusion] Under high temperature stress, heat shock factor AtHsfAla might exert inhibitory effects on programmed cell death by reducing Caspase-3 activity. This study provided the basis for clarifying the mechanism of stress resistance in plants.

Role of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons in the protective effects of heat shock factor 1 on working memory

Increasing evidence suggests that heat shock factor 1 exerts endogenous protective effects on working memory under conditions of chronic psychological stress. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined the protective factors affecting working memory in heat shock transcription factor 1 gene knockout mice. The results indicated that the number of correct T maze alternations decreased following mild chronic psychological stress in knockout mice. This change was accompanied by a decrease in neurogenesis and an increase in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The number of correct T maze alternations was positively correlated with neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus, and negatively correlated with neuronal apoptosis. In wild type mice, no significant difference was detected in the number of correct T maze alternations or neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results indicate that the heat shock factor 1 gene has an endogenous protective role in working memory during mild chronic psychological stress associated with dentate gyrus neuronal apoptosis Moreover, dentate gyrus neurogenesis appears to participate in the protective mechanism.

Microarray-based Screening of Target Genes Regulated by Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a in Arabidopsis thaliana

[ Objective] This study aimed to screen target genes regulated by heat shock factor AtHsfAla in Arabidopsis thaliana. [ Method] Using AtHsfAla-in- serted mutant athsfala （SALK-068042） and wild-type A. thaliana seedlings as experimental materials, target genes regulated by heat shock factor AtHsfAla were screened by microarray assay. Differentially expressed genes were screened by multiple method. Specific functions of differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology （GO） analysis. Signal transduction pathways, in which differentia｜ly expressed genes were involved, were analyzed by pathway analysis. Gene-gene interaction network was constructed by Signal-Net. [ Result] A total of 3 672 differentially expressed genes were screened out. Up-regulated differentially expressed genes were involved in 198 functions and 7 signal transduction pathways; down-regulated differentially expressed genes were involved in 94 functions and 10 signal transduction pathways. In the signal transduction network, it was found that cwlNV4 and HXK3 had relatively high ability of mediation; AT1 G14240 and cwlNV4 ex- hibited the most interactions with other genes, which were located in key positions throughout the gene-gene interaction network. [ Conclusion] Heat shock factor AtHsfAla regulates a large number of target genes in A. thaliana.

Construction of Plant Expression Vector of Heat Shock Factor Gene AtHsfA1a from Arabidopsis

[ Objective ] Heat shock factors （HSFs） are the major transcription factors of eukaryotic heat shock responses. This study aims to investigate the adversity stress tolerance functions of Arabidopsis heat shock factor AtHsfAla, which has important significance for in-depth understanding of adversity stress tolerance mechanisms of plants and further utilization of heat shock factor genes. [Method] Genomic DNA of Arabidopsis was extracted with CTAB method and purified to obtain Arabidopsis DNA samples for in vitro site-specific recombination cloning （ Gateway cloning） to construct plant expression vector of heat shock factor AtHs- fAla. Firstly, donor vector pDONR 201/AtHsfAla was constructed based on attB and attP site-specific recombination method （BP reaction）, to identify E. coli transformants harboring correct sequence of AtHsfAla by sequencing; secondly, plant expression vector pBTWG2/AttlsfAla overexpressing Arabidopsis heat shock factor AtHsfAla was constructed based on attL and attR site-specific recombination method （LR reaction）, to screen E. coli transformants harboring target plasmid. [ Result] Plant expression vector of Arabidopsis heat shock factor gene AtHsfAla was constructed successfully. [ Conclusion] This study not only provided experimental materials for acquiring transgenic plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla, but also laid the foundation for further investigation of the diversity of adversity stress tolerance functions reanlated by HSFs.

Effects of Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a on Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana under Cold Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat shock factor AtHsfAla on programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana under cold stress. [ Method] AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic （NT） and wild-type （WT） A. thaliana seedlings were used as experimental materials to induce the formation of callus; the callus were cultured to single cells by suspension culture, subjected to cold stress, stained with DAPI, prepared into cell smears and observed under a fluorescence microscope. [ Result] Under cold stress, cell nucleus of wild-type A. thaliana displayed morphological changes, but no apoptotic bodies were found; apoptotic bodies were observed in AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic A. thaliana cells, and the cytoplasm was remarkably concentrated. [ Conclusion] Under cold stress, heat shock factor AtHsfAla exerted inhibitory effects on programmed cell death in A. thaliana, which was of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of stress responses in plants.

Dorsomorphin induces cancer cell apoptosis and sensitizes cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors by reducing nuclear heat shock factor 1 levels

Objective: Heat shock factor 1(HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of heat shock proteins(HSPs), is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. However, only a few HSF1 inhibitors have been identified so far.Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of HSF1, HSPs, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated HSF1 were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Forced expression, RNA interference, and immunofluorescence assay were used for mechanistic studies.Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by WST-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Xenograft studies were performed in nude mice to evaluate the effect of dorsomorphin and an HSP90 inhibitor on tumor growth.Results: Dorsomorphin suppressed multiple stimuli-induced and constitutive HSPs expression in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that dorsomorphin reduced heat-induced HSP expression independent of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. Dorsomorphin reduced heat-stimulated HSF1 Ser320 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as resting nuclear HSF1 levels in cancer cells. Dorsomorphin induced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting HSF1 expression. A structure-activity study revealed that the 4-pyridyl at the 3-site of the pyrazolo [1, 5-a]pyrimidine ring is critical for the anti-HSF1 activities of dorsomorphin. Dorsomorphin sensitized cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors and inhibited HSP70 expression induced by these inhibitors in vitro. In tumor-bearing nude mice, dorsomorphin enhanced HSP90 inhibitor-induced cancer cell apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition, and HSP70 expression.Conclusions: Dorsomorphin is an HSF1 inhibitor. It induces cancer cell apoptosis, sensitizes cancer cells to both HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors, and suppresses HSP upregulation by these drugs, which may prevent the development of drug resistance.Hence, dorsomorphin and its derivates may serve as potential precursors for developing drugs against cancer.

Hsp90 and reactive oxygen species regulate thermotolerance of rice seedlings via induction of heat shock factor A2 (OsHSFA2) and galactinol synthase 1 (OsGolS1)

Heat stress induces expression of a set of thermotolerance-related genes in plants. We focused on rice (Oryza sativa L.) homologs of the gene family that encodes galactinol synthase (OsGolS), which is closely related to the Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase (AtGolS) family whose expression is induced under various stresses. OsGolS1 was highly up-regulated compare to the level of OsGolS2 in re- sponse to heat stress. Interestingly, OsGolS1 was also up-regulated by treatment with the Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GDA). Expression profiles of OsGolS1 were correlated to those of OsHsfA2 under the GDA treatments. Treatment with GDA increased expression of OsHsfA2, but marginally increased or did not change OsHsfA1 expression. Notably, gel shift assay indicated that OsHsfA2 binds directly to OsGolS1 promoter region and that OsHsfA1 also binds to the promoter regions of OsHsfA2. Both OsHsfA2 and OsGolS1 were dramatically induced in response to heat stress. Accordingly, galactinol and raffinose contents in rice seedlings increased significantly following the induction of OsGolS1. Pre-treatment of rice seedlings with raffinose or GDA improved their thermotolerance. These results suggest that OsGolS1 plays an important role in response to heat stress, possibly via the transcription cascade of OsHsfA1-OsHsfA2 that leads to galactinol and raffinose accumulation, and that the increased content of these carbohydrates is a key response factor for rice seedlings to enhance thermotolerance.

Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock factor 1 in chronic dermal ulcer tissues treated with laser-aided therapy

Background Chronic dermal ulcers are also referred to as refractory ulcers. This study was conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of laser on chronic dermal ulcers and the induced expression of heat shock factor 1 （HSF1） and heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in wound tissues. Methods Sixty patients with 84 chronic dermal ulcers were randomly divided into traditional therapy and laser therapy groups. Laser treatment was performed in addition to traditional therapy in the laser therapy group. The treatment efficacy was evaluated after three weeks. Five tissue sections of healing wounds were randomly collected along with five normal skin sections as controls. HSP70-positive cells from HSP70 immunohistochemical staining were counted and the gray scale of positive cells was measured for statistical analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HSF1 and HSP70. Results The cure rate of the wounds and the total efficacy in the laser therapy group were significantly higher than those in the traditional therapy group （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01, respectively）. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the HSP70-positive cell count was significantly higher in laser therapy group than those in the traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.01）, and the gray scale of the cell signal was obviously lower than traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.05）. By contrast, the traditional therapy group and the control group were not significantly different. The RNA levels of HSF1 and HSP70 were higher in the laser therapy group by RT-PCR, but very low in normal skin and the traditional therapy group. The analysis on the gray scale of the Western blot bands indicated that the expression of HSF1 and HSP70 in the laser therapy group was significantly higher than in the traditional therapy group and the control group （P 〈0.01）, and the expression in the traditional therapy group was also higher than in the control group （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Laser-aided therapy of chronic dermal ulcers plays a facilitating role in healing due to the mechanism of laser-activated endogenous heat shock protection in cells in wound surfaces.

Effect of the C.–1388 A>G polymorphism in chicken heat shock transcription factor 3 gene on heat tolerance

Heat stress is one of the main factors that inlfuence poultry production. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to affect heat tolerance. The formation of HSPs is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 3 (HSF3) in chicken. A DNA pool was established for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken HSF3, and 13 SNPs were detected. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 8 SNPs had the capacity to alter the transcription activity of HSF3. The dual luciferase report gene assay showed that there was a signiifcant difference (P<0.01) in the Firelfy luciferase/Renil a luciferase ratio (F/R) of C.–1 703 A>G (S1) and C.–1 388 A>G (S4) sites at the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of chicken HSF3. The elec-trophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the S4 site was a transcription binding factor. The analysis of the association of the S1 and S4 sites with heat tolerance index revealed that the S4 site was signiifcantly correlated with the CD3+T cel , corticosterone, and T3 levels in Lingshan chickens and with the heterophil/lymphocyte value in White Recessive Rock. These results showed that the S4 site at the 5′ UTR of chicken HSF3 might have an impact on heat tolerance in summer and could be used as a potential marker for the selection of chicken with heat tolerance in the future.

Influence of High Temperature on the Expression of Arabidopsis Heat Shock Transcription Factor AtHsfA1a

[ Objective] This study ~med to investigate the influence of high temperature on the expression of heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla in different genotypes of Arabidopsis. [ Method ] Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfA1 a were used as experimental materials and treated un- der high temperature at 39℃ for 1 rain and 5 min; total RNA of AtI-IsfAla was extracted, and the reverse transcription and amplification were conducted using RT- PCR technology, the amplification products were detected by electrophoresis. [ Result ] The expression levels of AtHsfA1 a in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla at high temperature and room temperature were higher than wild-type Arabidopsis; the expression levels of AtHsfAla in both wild-type Arab/dops/s and transgenic Arabidopsls plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla at high temperature of 39 ~C were higher than that at room temperature of 25 ~C, but the expression levels of AtHsfAla in wild-type Arab/dops/s and transgenic Arab/dops/s plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla varied little after high temperature treatment at 39 ~C for 1 rain or 5 rain. [ Conclusion] The expression of AtHsfAla is induced rapidly by high tem- perature, thus regulating the expression of early adversity-resistant genes. This study will lay the foundation demonstrating the mechanism of Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla.

The Heat Shock Protein Story—From Taking mTORC1,2 and Heat Shock Protein Inhibitors as Therapeutic Measures for Treating Cancers to Development of Cancer Vaccines

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve to correct proteins’ conformation, send the damaged proteins for degradation (quality control function). Heat shock factors (HSFs) are their transcription factors. The protein complexes mTOR1 and 2 (with the same core mTOR), the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), the seine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt), HSF1, plus their associated proteins form a network participating in protein synthesis, bio-energy generation, signaling for apoptosis with the help of HSPs. A cancer cell synthesizes proteins at fast rate and needs more HSPs to work on quality control. Shutting down this network would lead to cell death. Thus inhibitors of mTOR (mTORI) and inhibitors of HSPs (HSPI) could drive cancer cell to apoptosis—a “passive approach”. On the other hand, HSPs form complexes with polypeptides characteristic of the cancer cells;on excretion from the cell, they becomes antigens for the immunity cells, eventually leading to maturation of the cytotoxic T cells, forming the basic principle of preparing cancer-specific, person-specific vaccine. Recent finding shows that HSP70 can penetrate cancer cell and expel its analog to extracellular region, giving the hope to prepare a non-person-specific vaccine covering a variety of cancers. Activation of anti-cancer immunity is the “active approach”. On the other hand, mild hyperthermia, with increase of intracellular HSPs, has been found to activate the immunity response, and demonstrate anti-cancer effects. There are certain “mysteries” behind the mechanisms of the active and passive approaches. We analyze the mechanisms involved and provide explanations to some mysteries. We also suggest future research to improve our understanding of these two approaches, in which HSPs play many roles.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the effect of different heat shock periods on the unfertilized ovule in watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding.However,because of low repeatability,embryoid induction rate and quality,the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.Heat shock treatment can promote the transformation of the gametophytic pathway into the sporophyte pathway,which induces the occurrence of haploid.In this study,unfertilized ovaries were heat shocked for 0 h(A0)before flowering and for 0 h(A1),4 h(A3),8 h(A5),12 h(A7),and 24 h(A8),respectively,at 37℃at the first day of the flowering stage.The ovule enlargement rate was increased from 0%at 25℃to 96.8%at 37℃(24 h treatment).Thus,we aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns in unfertilized ovules of watermelon after different periods of heat shock by using RNA-Seq technology.The results showed that compared with A3,A5,A7,and A8,the biosynthesis of amino acid,glycine,serine and threonine metabolic pathways in A1 has changed significantly.This indicated that heat shock treatment affected the synthesis and transformation of amino acids during ovule expansion.The transcriptome data suggested gene expressions of ovule growth were significantly changed by heat-specific influences.The results provide new information on the complex relationship between in vitro gynogenesis and temperature.This provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of heat shock affecting the expansion of watermelon ovule.

A Review of Heat Shock Proteins Research on Bemisia tabaci

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is the most destructive invasive pests in agricultural production and has a high tolerance to heat. Heat shock proteins play an essential role in life activities such as growth and development, reproduction and diapause of B. tabaci. At the same time, they are also crucial in resisting adverse environments and in adaptive evolution. The expression of heat shock protein in B. tabaci is not only related to temperature, but also to the tolerance of the environment. After receiving external stimuli, the expression level can be increased or decreased to maintain the stability of cells in vivo. This paper reviews the classification, biological characteristics, biological functions, and research status of HSPs in recent years. This mini-review will provide helpful information related to the use of heat shock proteins to study the occurrence and damage of B. tabaci. This has important theoretical and practical significance for revealing Hsps in explaining the population expansion mechanism of B. tabaci invasion and predicting population dynamics.

Constitutively Expressed αB—Crystallin in Heat Schock Transcription Factor 1 Knockout Mice Myocardium

Objective:To invesligate the effects of heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF 1) gene on the constitutively expressed aB-Crystallin(αBC)in mice myocardium.Methods:The expression levels of constitutive αBC in HSF1 knockout(hsf1-/-) and HSF1 wild type (hsf1+/+) mice myocardium were evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results:The αBC levels in hsf1-/- and hsf1+/_ were 68.42±4.16,100.00±7.58,respectively(P<0.05,cytosolic fraction),and 20.53±1.01,37.55±1.91,respectively(P<0.05,pellet fraction).The αBC signals decreased significantly in hsf1-/- myocardium when compared with those in hsf1+/+ myocardium stained with fluorescence immunohistochemistry.Conclusion.HSF1 is an important,but not the only factor,which mediates the constitutively expressed αBC.

水稻热激转录因子HsfA2b调控非生物胁迫抗性的功能分析

【目的】水稻在生长发育过程中,常会受到各种非生物胁迫而严重影响产量。热激转录因子作为植物抗逆过程中的一个重要元件,通过调控一系列胁迫响应基因的表达以提高植物抗逆性。探究水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b调控非生物胁迫的功能与初步机理,为培育水稻抗逆新品种提供了优异基因资源和理论支撑。【方法】通过构建OsHsfA2b过量表达和RNAi的转基因水稻,分别观察水稻幼苗在高温、低温、干旱和高盐处理后的抗逆表型,统计存活率。同时,在逆境胁迫处理后,通过DAB染色检测水稻叶片活性氧(ROS)含量及RT-qPCR检测抗氧化途径相关基因OsSOD和OsCAT的表达量,分析OsHsfA2b对抗氧化途径的调控作用。【结果】在高温、低温、干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫条件下,水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b被显著诱导表达。与野生型NPB相比,OsHsfA2b过量表达转基因水稻对非生物胁迫的抗性明显增强,植株损伤程度较轻,存活率提高。相反,OsHsfA2b-RNAi水稻对非生物胁迫更加敏感,植株损伤严重,存活率降低。此外,在非生物胁迫条件下,OsHsfA2b过量表达转基因水稻比NPB和OsHsfA2bRNAi水稻体内活性氧的含量减少,并且OsHsfA2b显著诱导了抗氧化途径相关基因OsSOD和OsCAT的表达,OsHsfA2b参与抑制水稻体内活性氧的积累以降低逆境胁迫诱导的活性氧大量积累对植株的伤害。【结论】非生物胁迫下,水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b被显著诱导表达,可通过抗氧化途径正调控水稻对逆境胁迫的抗性。

木薯MeHsfB3b转录因子与MeFKBP20蛋白互作关系验证

热激转录因子MeHsfB3b是调控木薯抗细菌性枯萎病的重要节点,前期通过酵母双杂交技术获得MeHsfB3b的候选互作蛋白MeFKBP20,该蛋白属于FKBP型肽脯氨酰顺反异构酶基因家族。本研究克隆获得MeFKBP20基因全长为561 bp,编码186个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量为19.99 kDa,具有FKPB_C结构域。表达模式分析发现:MeFKBP20基因在木薯成熟叶片及根部高表达,在幼叶和叶柄的表达量较低;并能够迅速响应病原菌XpmCHN11诱导,持续保持较高的表达丰度,推测其参与了木薯响应病原菌侵染的过程。利用酵母双杂交点对点、双分子荧光互补实验证明MeHsfB3b蛋白通过在201~241 aa区域与MeFKBP20蛋白作用。本研究结果有助于进一步解析MeHsfB3b基因调控木薯对细菌性枯萎病的抗病机理。

ATF6调控生殖相关基因HSPA1L表达的分子机制

目的探究内质网应激活化转录因子6(ATF6)对生殖相关基因热休克蛋白A1样蛋白(HSPA1L)表达的影响并初步阐明其调控分子机制。方法在人胚肾细胞系HEK-293T中转染ATF6过表达质粒,RT-qPCR和Western blot验证过表达效率;利用雄性ATF6敲除小鼠睾丸组织转录物组测序信息,筛选ATF6下游5个生殖相关基因;双荧光素酶报告基因实验选择启动子活性较高的下游基因并检测过表达ATF6对其启动子活性的影响;通过gene-regulation预测ATF6和下游基因启动子可能的结合位点;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测在HEK-293T细胞中过表达ATF6对于下游基因表达的影响;利用凝胶迁移实验(EMSA)确定ATF6与下游基因启动子是否结合。结果转染后HEK-293T细胞中ATF6的mRNA(P<0.001)和蛋白(P<0.05)表达水平明显升高。转录物组测序及双荧光素酶报告基因实验筛选出ATF6下游的生殖相关基因HSPA1L。ATF6能够促进HSPA1L的截短启动子活性(P<0.001)。过表达ATF6后,HSPA1L的表达量明显升高(P<0.001)。差异均有统计学意义。ATF6蛋白能与HSPA1L的启动子DNA序列aagtcgtcac相结合。结论内质网应激的关键分子ATF6通过结合生殖相关基因HSPA1L的启动子调控后者表达水平,这将为预防或治疗与内质网应激(ERS)有关的男性不育的深入研究奠定基础。

茶树响应高温胁迫下生理生化和分子机制的研究进展

茶树作为一种重要的经济作物,具有喜温、喜湿、喜阴的生态特性。然而,高温胁迫会影响茶树的生长发育,显著降低茶叶的产量和品质。文章综述了高温胁迫对茶树生理及重要次生代谢产物(儿茶素、茶氨酸、咖啡碱)影响的研究进展,并阐述了茶树响应高温的分子机制,以期为提高茶树栽培措施和选育耐热茶树品种提供理论依据。