Metabolic characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns of dry eye based on tear metabolomics

Objective To explore the metabolic differences between dry eye patients with Qi-Yin defi-ciency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns,and clarify their metabolic characteris-tics.Methods Patients with dry eye who were treated in the Ophthalmology Ward and Outpatient Department of the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from October 1,2020,to October 30,2021 were enrolled as the research participants in the study.They were assigned to two groups based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types:heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group and Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group.Healthy vol-unteers who underwent health check-ups in the Health Management Department were in-cluded as healthy group following the random number table method.The tears of the pa-tients and the healthy volunteer participants were tested by high-performance liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The differential metabolites were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment was performed on the differential metabolites.Finally,the association analysis of differential proteins and metabolites was conducted to verify and supplement the metabolites.Results A total of 32 dry eye patients were enrolled,including 16 cases with heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern and 16 cases with Qi-Yin deficiency pattern.Fourteen healthy volun-teers were included as healthy group.There were no significant differences in baseline char-acteristics among the three groups(P>0.05).A total of 412 biomarkers were determined in Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group,mainly including lipids,lipid-like molecules,organic acids and their derivatives,organic heterocyclic compounds,and nucleosides and their analogues.For heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group,112 metabolites were determined,main-ly including organic acids and their derivatives,lipids,and lipid-like molecules.The KEGG enrichment results of pathways and the relative content analysis of differential markers de-monstrate that purine metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathways are common metabol-ic characteristics of all dry eyes.Among them,deoxyinosine monophosphate(dIMP)and 2-(formamido)-N1-(5-phospha-D-ribosyl)acetamidine can serve as their biomarkers.The main characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome pattern were the significant enhancement of metabolic pathways such as lysine degradation,ovarian steroidogenesis,cholesterol metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and bile secretion(P<0.05).Dry eye associated with the heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern is mainly characterized by inhibition of the valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways(P<0.05).Conclusion Metabolomics can be used as an effective basis for TCM syndrome classification.Different patterns of dry eye syndrome exhibit typical characteristics in the types and concen-trations of metabolites,which correspond to the syndrome classification in TCM.This study initially confirms the rationality of TCM syndrome classification and provides significant ref-erence for the mechanism of dry eye and drug development.

Study on the relationship between syndrome characteristics degree and inflammatory factor and negative emotional scale in"double heart disease"patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation

Objective:To Discuss the correlation between Hypersensitivity C-reactive Protein(Hs-CRP),Total Cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),negative emotion scale and TCM syndrome scores in“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation.Method:Fifty-two patients in Western Medicine Diagnosis of Double Heart Disease,in TCM syndrome identified as Qi stagnation blood stasis Heart gallbladder heat stagnation syndrome,detects it Hs-CRP,TC,TG levels by ELISA,use TCM Syndromes Scale to evaluate TCM Syndrome,use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Self-rating symptom scale(SCL-90)to assess anxiety and sleep levels,analyze the correlation between TCM syndrome scores and Hs-CRP,TC,TG level,PSQI index,SCL-90 index.Result:There was a significant positive correlation between Hs-CRP,TG level and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05);TC level was postively correlated with TCM Syndrome scores,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05);There was a significant positive correlation between PSQI index,SCL-90 index and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05).Conclusion:In“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation,there have characteristic syndrome changes in terms of inflammatory factor level,blood lipid level and negative emotion score;Which the above indexes can reflect the severity of TCM syndromes to a certain extent and provide the basis for the effective intervention treatment of TCM.

Physical criterion study on forward stagnation point heat flux CFD computations at hypersonic speeds

In order to evaluate uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics （CFD） computations of the stagnation point heat flux, a physical criterion is developed. Based on a quasi-one-dimensional hypothesis along the stagnation line, a new stagnation flow model is applied to obtain the governing equations of the flow near the stagnation point at hypersonic speeds. From the above equations, the compatibility relations are given at the stagnation point and along the stagnation line, which consist of the physical criterion for checking the accuracy in the stagnation point heat flux computations. The verification of the criterion is made with various numerical results.

An introduction of the experience in treating Ventricular premature beat with stasis heat

Ventricular premature beat,a kind of arrhythmia,is one of common diseases which not only decreases the quality of life but also has the danger of death.The pathogenesis in Traditional Chinese Medicine is that the injury of heart and kidney is the essence and the block of solid evil such as phlegm and blood stasis is the manifestation.The teacher,Li Yuan,has worked in clinic for decades and considered that the important pathogenesis of the VP beat is“heat transformed from Yang”,which cannot be ignored as it is on the influence of diverse factors and can be observed in different symptoms and different treatment states of the disease.

Multicenter Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules through a clinical randomized controlled trial and to analyze the potential action targets and pathways of this formula using network pharmacology.Methods Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)of liver–stomach stagnant heat pattern who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.The control group received oral rabeprazole,whereas the observation group were given Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules in addition to the rabeprazole.The treatment duration was 8 weeks.Clinical efficacy was observed in both groups after 8 weeks.Network pharmacology was used to analyze the action targets of ZhenzhuQingyuanGranules and the genes related to GERD,and core targets were inferred.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of this formula.Results The clinical research results showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.68%,compared with 70.00%in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).After treatment,both Chinese medicine syndrome score and endoscopic score improved in both groups compared with before treatment(p<0.05),and the treatment group showed greater improvement than the control group(p<0.05).Network pharmacology identified effective components of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for treating GERD,including quercetin,luteolin,andβ-sitosterol,with potential action targets such as tumor protein 53(TP53),protein kinase B(AKT1),and tumor necrosis factor.Conclusion Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with GERD of liver–stomach stagnated heat pattern,enhance clinical efficacy,and have high safety.This formula may exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.

Research on the Progress of Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Modified Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a high-incidence digestive system disease. Western medicine mainly uses drugs such as proton pump inhibitors to inhibit gastric acid secretion, but some patients are accompanied by symptoms such as non-acid reflux and gas reflux, which cannot effectively treat the disease. It is necessary to actively explore other treatment schemes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of research on gastroesophageal reflux disease, which emphasizes the treatment based on syndrome differentiation as a whole. Through the treatment of various and multi-component TCM prescriptions, the patient’s body condition can be adjusted, and the treatment effect on gastroesophageal reflux disease is reliable, which has obvious therapeutic advantages. To further clarify the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, this study reviewed and analyzed the research progress of the treatment of liver disease with modified prescriptions, and the report is as follows.

Formulation Mechanism of Mailuo Shutong Pills in the Treatment of Varicocele

Varicocele is a common disease in male urology clinic,mainly manifested as testicular pendent distension discomfort,scrotal moisture,less weak semen and other symptoms.There is no specific drug in clinical treatment of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.Mailuo Shutong Pills was created by TANG Zuxuan,a Chinese medical master,for the treatment of damp and heat stasis type thrombotic superficial phlebitis and other vascular diseases.In clinical application,it was found to have a good clinical effect on the treatment of symptoms caused by varicose vein.This paper analyzed the formulation mechanism of Mailuo Shutong Pills in the treatment of varicocele from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine,and provides theoretical basis for clinical application.