Optimal selection of annulus radius ratio to enhance heat transfer with minimum entropy generation in developing laminar forced convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid flow

Heat transfer and entropy generation of developing laminar forced convection flow of water-Al_2O_3 nanofluid in a concentric annulus with constant heat flux on the walls is investigated numerically. In order to determine entropy generation of fully developed flow, two approaches are employed and it is shown that only one of these methods can provide appropriate results for flow inside annuli. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number and thermal boundaries on heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation of developing laminar flow inside annuli with different radius ratios and same cross sectional areas are studied. The results show that radius ratio is a very important decision parameter of an annular heat exchanger such that in each Re, there is an optimum radius ratio to maximize Nu and minimize entropy generation. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles concentration on heat transfer enhancement and minimizing entropy generation is stronger at higher Reynolds.

Augmentation of Heat Transfer in Pipe Flow Using Plain Twisted Tape Inserts for Different Twist Ratios

The heat transfer augmentation of plain twisted tape inserts for different twist ratios has been studied in this study. The data are conducted using the plain twisted tape insert with five different twist ratios respectively. The range of Reynolds number is considered under a uniform heat flux condition. In the case of simulation, the tapes are made from a stainless steel strip with a thickness of 2 mm. A tubular pipe with 850mm U-loop length and twist length of 800 mm each is considered in our study for simulation. Water is used as working fluids inside the tube for our simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the important heat transfer parameters including Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f) and thermal performance index (η) are gradually increased with the increment of the twist ratio and reached at the saturated level while twist ratio is 3.5,?afterward the thermal properties are decreased.

Blockage effects on viscous fluid flow and heat transfer past a magnetic obstacle in a duct

The effect of lateral walls on fluid flow and heat transfer is investigated when a fluid passes a magnetic obstacle. The blockage ratio β that represents the ratio between the width of external magnet M y and the spanwise width L y is employed to depict the effect. The finite volume method （FVM） based on the PISO algorithm is applied for the blockage ratios of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. The results show that the value of Strouhal number St increases as the blockage ratio β increases, and for small β , the variation of St is very small when the interaction parameter and Reynolds number are increasing. Moreover, the cross-stream mixing induced by the magnetic obstacle can enhance the wall-heat transfer and the maximum value of the overall heat transfer increment is about 50.5%.

STUDY OF THE HEAT AND HUMIDITY TRANSFER PROCESSES BETWEEN AIR AND WATER IN THE AIR WASHER

The processes of heat and humidity transfer between air and water are what to be studied mainly in the paper, we put forward some main factors which influence the processes of heat and humidity transfer in the air washer. We come to the conclusion that we can change these main factors to achieve different heat and humidity transfer processes and decide processes of heat and humidity transfer of air and water with the initial temperature of spraying water in the air washer. All these results can make things convenient for the air conditioning management.

Effects of Heat Exchange Tube Structural Parameters on Performance of Vehicle Radiator

In order to improve the performance of vehicle radiators, a two-dimensional heat transfer steady-state model of the radiator was set up. The influence of the structural parameters (axial ratio) of the heat exchange tube on the windward side on the heat transfer performance of the radiator was studied. With the increase of the axial ratio of the heat exchange tube on the windward side, the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange tube surface slightly decreases. The heat exchange area increases significantly, which increases the total heat exchange of the radiator and improves the heat transfer performance of the radiator. When the axial ratio increases from 1.0 to 2.0, the average surface heat transfer capacity decreases from 5664.16 W/m2 to 5623.57 W/m2.

气膜孔堵塞对凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值方法,研究了燃气透平叶片气膜孔堵塞条件下凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能,获得了3种吹风比M=0.5, 1.0, 1.5和不同堵塞比B=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8条件下的凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却效率和传热系数分布。研究表明:气膜孔堵塞会导致凹槽叶顶气膜冷却性能下降、热负荷升高,堵塞比越大,凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能越差。气膜孔堵塞显著改变了叶顶区域的流场结构,加剧冷气的抬升效应,导致冷气过早离开凹槽。吹风比是影响堵塞工况下凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的重要因素,吹风比为1.0、堵塞比为0.8时,凹槽叶顶的面积平均气膜冷却效率相比于未堵塞时下降了64.88%、传热系数上升了13.01%。减小吹风比可以改善小堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.4时,叶顶平均气膜冷却效率仅下降了6.82%,但小吹风比会导致大堵塞比工况下的气膜冷却性能恶化严重,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.8时,平均气膜冷却效率下降了82.09%。增大吹风比,可改善大堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为1.5、堵塞比为0.8条件下叶顶平均气膜冷却效率下降了51.34%、传热系数上升了11.52%。

卧式套管潜热蓄热单元偏心与肋片结构优化模拟

利用偏心布置增强相变蓄热单元内部自然对流是提高相变蓄热系统性能的新思路,为了更深入地研究偏心布置对相变蓄热系统性能的影响,基于焓-孔隙率法建立了卧式套管相变蓄热单元的三维数学模型,并利用Fluent软件对环形空间相变材料熔化过程进行数值模拟,通过对熔化过程流场、液相率及温度云图的分析,将熔化过程划分为三个阶段:导热主导的初始阶段,随后是自然对流和导热的混合作用的阶段,以及导热再次占主导地位的最终阶段,并将相变材料环形空间划分为两个区域,据此提出新的评价参数“偏心面积比”。结果表明:硬脂酸作为相变材料时较佳的偏心面积比位于16∶1附近,熔化时间相对于同心布置缩短了45.8%,但同时会使蓄热单元㶲效率略有降低,并且预测对于其他材料,预期的最佳偏心面积比与使用材料的自然对流强度和导热能力之间的比值有直接相关。利用偏心结构与肋片结合的方法进一步强化传热,比较了螺旋肋、十字肋和X形肋三种肋片,发现X形肋具有较佳性能,与相应偏心无肋结构相比熔化时间缩短了36.7%,比螺旋肋和十字肋结构分别缩短了20.3%和7.1%。

桥面除冰地热能源桩的能量传递机理研究

利用桥面除冰地热能源桩(以下简称“桥梁能源桩”)在冬季可提取清洁地热能并传输到桥面进行除冰融雪。建立了桥梁能源桩热-力耦合三维数值模型,探究了桥墩对流换热对下部能源桩能量传递机理的影响。研究表明,除冰过程中能源桩的地热提取效率是传统地热钻孔的2~3倍;桥墩与空气的对流换热会导致热量散失,造成能源桩的热功率降低;当桥墩桩基长度比由0增大到50%时,桥梁能源桩的热交换率降低约8.7%,因此桥墩较长时应考虑桥墩对流换热对能源桩热性能的影响。

基于集肤电伴热的集输管道节能评价研究

为实现集输管道热力消耗方面的节能挖潜,在热油管道温降理论计算基础上,根据集中加热和集肤电伴热两种原油加热输送方式的不同,探讨了不同因素对节能比的影响,研究了停输工况下集肤电伴热的加热效果趋势,掌握运行能耗、维温效果等多项技术参数。结果表明,理论上集肤电伴热恒优于集中加热方式;节能比与总传热系数、管径、管道长度呈线性负相关,与质量流量、原油比热容呈指数正相关,在一定条件下集肤电伴热的节能效果显著;现场管道中的电伴热停止工作后,38 h后温度才突破设定的下限温度,每年可节约热能15543.55 kW,相当于关停13台1160 kW的管式加热炉,可年减少碳排量10.215 t CO_(2)。

吉林油田典型集输接转站场提质提效研究

吉林油田地面工程系统中接转站存在高能耗问题。通过分析接转站的主要工作流程,计算出每个流程中用能环节的能耗占比,找出接转站产生高能耗的主要原因为加热炉的能耗过高。对加热炉出口温度进行调整,降低加热炉能耗,最终达到接转站能耗降至最低的效果。优化计算结果表明,当海118接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为43.8℃和37.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为51℃和44℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳307 t/a;当新民6接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为44.4℃和44.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为54.5℃和49.5℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳375 t/a;当让47接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为47.9℃和46.6℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为57℃和56℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳333 t/a。

单双风扇及不同宽高比散热器换热特性研究

为研究风扇和散热器总成的换热特性,文章基于三维计算流体力学软件对单双风扇及不同宽高比散热器进行了系统研究,并对试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了模型的准确性,获得了不同因素对换热的影响规律。结果表明,在2~5 m/s的风速工况内,对于所研究的风扇和散热器总成结构,匹配单风扇的相同尺寸散热器的换热量略高于双风扇,换热性能更好。而且随风速增大,换热量增幅呈减缓趋势,单双风扇的换热量之间的差值先增大后减小。随宽高比增大,换热量增大,空气侧速度均匀性降低,当散热器芯体宽度增加到一定值时,速度均匀性呈回升趋势。

Influence of Filling Ratio and Working Fluid Thermal Properties on Starting up and Heat Transferring Performance of Closed Loop Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Parallel Channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.

不同长径比填充床蓄冷器储释冷特性研究

在相同操作条件下模拟分析16组具有相同总体积、不同长径比的蓄冷器(组),比较准稳态的储冷量、释冷量、储释冷效率。结果表明:经过20次储释冷循环后达到准稳态。单体蓄冷器长径比从0.6增加到3时,储冷量/释冷量逐渐增加,但储释冷效率逐渐降低。并联数量从1增加到6时,蓄冷器组的储冷量、释冷量、储释冷效率均呈下降趋势。设计蓄冷器几何结构时,建议采用长径比为2的单体形式或串联形式。若必须并联,应尽量减小并联数量。

空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统在煤矿井口防冻中的特性研究

为提高空气源热泵的性能,同时更好地满足煤矿井口防冻特殊工艺要求,将空气源热泵与热管技术相耦合,使用小压比热泵机组搭建了空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统实验平台。该耦合系统中蒸发器和冷凝器两端均采用相变传热的方式,并对其进行不同运行工况下的性能特性研究,结果表明:该耦合供暖系统即使在0℃左右的室外条件下,耦合机组的系统制热性能仍可达到4.5以上,远远优于传统空气源热泵机组。

湿式弦栅丝绕流传热介观模型推导与数值仿真

将隧道施工过程中产生的污风进行净化消热处理,对施工隧道环境控制具有重要意义。为了找到热流体穿越湿式弦栅丝的流动换热规律,采用格子玻尔兹曼方法,建立低雷诺数下的圆柱绕流传热介观模型,进一步结合已有关联式验证模型的准确性;基于上述模型,考察雷诺数Re=200的条件下串列圆柱绕流流场与温度场分布;量化不同间距比L/D下流场与温度场的结构演化,分析换热特征参数努塞尔数Nu与间距比和换热时间的关系,揭示流场结构对温度场的影响。结果表明:流场与温度场的分布规律具有一致性,不同L/D下流场与温度场呈现不同特征,L/D较小时,上下游圆柱之间形成流动死区,换热效果差,随着L/D的增大,下游圆柱对上游圆柱流场的抑制作用减弱,尾流中出现旋涡,流动死区被打破,冷热流体掺混增强;存在临界间距比L/D=2.65,超出这一临界间距时,下游圆柱时均Nu始终大于上游圆柱,且当L/D=4时,上下游圆柱时均Nu趋于稳定,在具体工程应用中,应使间距比L/D≥4。

蒸发冷凝长度比对不同微槽平板铝热管热性能的影响

为研究不同蒸发段和冷凝段长度比值对平板铝热管热性能的影响,通过实验分析了相同截面尺寸、相同填充工质、矩形微槽道和三角形微槽道的平板热管90°安装,以及采用连续递增的输入热流和冷凝段强制风冷换热时,9种不同比值对平板热管热性能的影响。研究结果表明:提出的平板微槽道热管蒸发段冷凝段长度比值对平板微槽道热管热性能的影响明显。优选的两种类型蒸发段冷凝段长度比值在0.8~1.25范围内,传热性能良好。对比不同微槽道的平板热管发现,同等条件下矩形微槽道平板热管的传热性能优于三角形微槽道平板热管,并提出蒸发段冷凝段长度比值的最佳值为1,建议应用设计中蒸发段冷凝段长度比值范围为0.8~1.0。研究结果可对平板微槽道热管应用系统的设计提供准确参考。

SV型直接接触换热器换热过程的数值模拟

为研究SV静态混合器对液-液直接接触沸腾换热过程混合及传热的影响规律,分析了相同高度下SV静态混合器长径比对直接接触沸腾换热过程的影响。搭建了直接接触换热实验平台,验证了数值模拟结果的可行性与准确性。结果表明,实验结果与模拟结果误差在3%以内;与长径比为0.5和2.0的2种混合器相比,长径比为1.0的SV静态混合器压力降最高降低了18 Pa,湍流动能大于0.002 m2/s2,容积换热系数最高提高了9.7%;压力降和容积换热系数随着长径比的减小而增大,存在最佳长径比1.0使湍流动能达到最大值。综上所述,适当减小SV混合元件长径比有利于增强换热,对直接接触换热器结构参数设计具有指导意义。

高温煅烧石油焦排料过程余热回收

为了实现煅烧石油焦在排料过程中余热的高效回收利用,本文利用自行搭建的高温煅烧石油焦余热回收试验系统,研究了煅后焦当量排料速度、换热管类型、换热器当量入口流速等参数变化对余热回收性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:利用余热回收换热器既可实现煅后焦余热的高效回收,平均余热回收效率为78.9%,又能实现煅后焦的均匀冷却,温度不均匀系数仅为0.0757;随着煅后焦当量排料速度的增加,内换热器和外换热器的传热系数均逐渐增加,余热回收效率先增加后降低;翅片型换热器比光管型换热器的换热性能明显提高,余热回收效率提高了7.4%,同时换热器出口处煅后焦的温度不均匀系数减少了32.6%;随着当量入口流速的增加,外换热器和内换热器的传热系数均逐渐增加。

脉动热管运行的可视化实验研究

本文对回路型脉动热管（Ｌｏｏｐｅｄ ＰＨＰ）的运行进行了可视化实验研究，观察了其稳定运行时，工质的运动特征和热管内的典型现象；研究了其传热性能与充液率，冷却方式，加热端与冷却端相对位置等各种因素的关系；在可视化实验结果的基础上，对脉动热管运行的一些基本问题进行了讨论和分析。

土壤水分及土壤-大气界面对麦田水热传输的作用

文章根据１９９６年在中国栾城农业生态试验站观测的田间试验资料，分析了土壤水分和土壤－大气界面对麦田水热传输的抑制和加速作用。对于显热和潜热输送，土壤水分起决定作用，土壤水分越小，显热通量越大，潜热通量越小，反之亦然。只在土壤水分较小时界面厚度对显热和潜热输送作用较大。对于土壤热输送，界面厚度起决定作用，界面厚度越大土壤热通量越小。分析还发现６０ｃｍ深处土壤水势与叶水势和大气水势的相关系数较其它深度处的土壤水势大。