SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METAL ELEMENTS CONTENT IN COVERING SOIL OF RECLAMATION AREA IN FUSHUN COAL MINE

Grid method is employed for sampling covering soil at the test field,whic h is reclamation area filled by coal mining wastes for cropland in th e Fushun coal mine,Liaoning Province,the Northeast China.The soil samp les are taken at different locations,inclu ding three kinds of covering soil,th ree different depths of soil layers a nd four different covering ages of covering soil.The s patial-temporal variation of heavy metal element content in reclamatio n soil is stud-ied.The results indicate that the co ntent of heavy metal elements is decreasing year after year;the determin ant reason why the content of heavy metal elemen ts at 60cm depth layer is higher than t hat at 30cm depth layer and surface is fertiliz-er and manure application;the metal elements mainly come from external environment;there is no metal pollut ion coming from mother material(coal mining wastes)in plough layer of covering soil.

Migration of Heavy Metal Elements in Reclaimed Irrigation Water-Soil-Plant System and Potential Risk to Human Health

[Objectives]To study the impact of heavy metal pollution of soil and plants during the process of reclaimed water for irrigation of green land in arid areas and the potential health risks to humans during use.[Methods]Taking Zhongwei City in Ningxia,a typical arid area,as the research area,the irrigation water,soil and green grass in the reclaimed water irrigation region and the original green water irrigation region were sampled,the heavy elements Hg,As,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr were detected,and the Nemerow method,biological absorption coefficient,and health risk assessment were employed to evaluate the degree of soil pollution,plant absorption capacity,and human health risks.[Results]Compared with the original green water,the Hg,Cd,and Cr pollution of the reclaimed water irrigated green land was higher,the As,Zn,Pb pollution was lower,and the content of Hg and Cd was higher than the environmental background values of soil in Ningxia;the Cr content exceeded the risk intervention values of the first type of land in the Soil Environmental Quality—Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land(GB 36600-2018).Compared with the original green water irrigation region,it is found that the reclaimed water irrigation reduced the heavy metal pollution of the soil to a certain extent.The heavy metal content of tall fescue grass(Festuca arundinacea)in the reclaimed water irrigation region was Zn,Cr,Pb,As,Cd,and Hg from high to low;the order of the biological absorption coefficient was Cd>As>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr;irrigation water exerted a certain effect on the content of heavy metals in plants and the biological absorption coefficient through the soil.Using the health risk assessment method recommended by Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America(USEPA),it was found that the reclaimed water has the highest risk through the inhalation route,and the occupational population has a higher risk of skin contact with soil and plants.[Conclusions]This study is intended to provide data support and theoretical basis for the environmental safety risk research of the application of reclaimed water in arid areas to urban greening.

Evaluation on environmental quality for heavy metal elements of Xihe soil

According to "Environmental quality standard for soil" and using As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn elements as evaluation index,the author evaluated soil environmental quality in Xihe area of Shenyang.The results show that the soil in Xihe area is polluted rifely by heavy metal elements.The polluted areas are mainly distributed near the upstreams of Xihe River,Shenxin River and Shenliao irrigation canal.There exist large distinctions among the heavy metal elements to the pollution degree.Cd pollution area is the biggest and the most serious in pollution degree.

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a karst basin,SW China

To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB.The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>Hg.Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements.Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water pathway.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults.The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and As.Consequently,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.

Annual Fluxes of Heavy Metal Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Depositions in the Pearl River Delta Economic Region, Guangdong Province

There are 158 sampling points to be set up in the Pearl River delta economic region. The collecting period is mostly one year, namely, from July 2007 to July 2008. The eight heavy metal elements of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, and Cd in 474 dry and wet deposition samples were tested in terms of the standard procedures. Their average annual fluxes have no obvious difference between dry deposition and wet deposition. So these elements might be at an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state between dry deposition and wet deposition.

Recent Progress in Radiative-Rate Determination of Some Heavy Ions (Xe⁹⁺, Xe¹⁰⁺, Lu³⁺, Hf⁴⁺, Ta⁵⁺) of Interest in Fusion

This paper presents a review about the radiative properties (transition probabilities and oscillator strengths) of two xenon ions (Xe9+, Xe10+) and three members of Er I isoelectronic sequence (Lu3+, Hf4+, Ta5+) of interest in controlled thermonuclear fusion, including our recent theoretical data obtained using two independent theoretical atomic structure computational approaches (semi-empirical Hartree-Fock with relativistic corrections method (HFR) and the ab initio multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF)). The tables, from the second one, summarize the recommended data expected to be useful for plasma modelling in fusion.

Heavy metal accumulation by panicled goldenrain tree(Koelreuteria paniculata) and common elaeocarpus(Elaeocarpus decipens) in abandoned mine soils in southern China

Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%-86%, where reduction rates over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals （Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni）. Transfer coefficients of the panicled goldenrain tree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and the common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment coefficients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil.

Adsorption-extraction mechanism of heavy rare earth by Cyanex272-P507 impregnated resin

Instrument of IR spectrometer and methods of saturation, equimolar series change and slope were applied to study the extraction mechanism of Cyanex272-P507 impregnated resin for heavy rare earths from hydrochloric acid solution. The results show that the molar ratio of Cyanex272-P507 to rare earth in the extraction complex is 3. Chlorine ions do not participate in coordination. The extraction reaction can be expressed as RE3＋（a） ＋ 3-HA（r） ＋ 3/2HL（r）= [REA3/2L3/2]（r） ＋ 3H＋（a） （where HA represents 2 2 Cyanex272 and HL represents P507）. The synergic extractant formed in extraction chromatography is in a form ofmonopolymer and with a chemical structure of REA3/2L3/2.

Monitoring the Heavy Element of Cr in Agricultural Soils Using a Mobile Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System with Support Vector Machine

Due to its complicated matrix effects, rapid quantitative analysis of chromium in agricultural soils is difficult without the concentration gradient samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. To improve the analysis speed and accuracy, two calibration models are built with the support vector machine method： one considering the whole spectra and the other based on the segmental spectra input. Considering the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, three segmental spectra are chosen as the input variables of the support vector regression （SVR） model. Compared with the results of the SVR model with the whole spectra input, the relative standard error of prediction is reduced from 3.18% to 2.61% and the running time is saved due to the decrease in the number of input variables, showing the robustness in rapid soil analysis without the concentration gradient samples.

Heavy metals accumulation effect in rabbit body fluids after smoking

Concentration of heavy metals in blood and urine of rabbit after inhaling three different kinds of cigarette was studied through the animal passive smoking pattern. The samples were prepared by nitric acid solution digestion and determination of seven kinds of heavy metals including Hg, Se, Sn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The ICP-AES method was established with good precision and accuracy, relative standard deviation （n=6） was between 2.9% and 5.9%, and the recovery was in the range of 95.0%-104.2%. Concentration of six heavy metals increases in some extent in blood and urine after period of smoking and the increasing of heavy metals in blood and urine all shows time dependence. Significantly higher heavy metal levels are observed in the blood and urine of the cigarette inhaling rabbits in the exposed group. The concentration of six kinds of heavy metals in the blood of the rabbit increases after 16 weeks exposing to cigarette smoking. Three times of rig, ten times of Se and trace amount ofPb, Cd, Ni and Cr are detected in the blood after 16 weeks of smoking. For urine samples, about three times of Hg, two times of Se, five times of Pb and trace amount of Cd are detected after 16 weeks of inhalation of cigarette. Comparatively, higher concentration of heavy metals are detected after inhaling of Nise cigarette.

Determination of Harmful Elements and Analysis of Pollution Level in Lysimachia christinae

[Objectives]To detect content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn,and Cr in Lysimachia christinae,and to analyze the pollution level.[Methods]Seven kinds of elements in L.christinae were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and analyzed by single index and comprehensive index.[Results]The seven heavy metal elements showed good linearity in their respective concentration ranges.The recoveries of the samples were 84.5%-109.5%,and the RSD values were 2.30%-5.10%.Comparing the measured results of heavy metal elements with the limit values stipulated in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards,the Cr element in 19 batches of samples exceeded the standard,and the Zn element in 7 batches of samples exceeded the standard.The exceeding rates were 100.0%and 36.8%,respectively;the content of other heavy metal elements did not exceed the standard.The order of individual index from large to small was Cr,Zn,Cd,Hg,Cu,As,and Pb,and the average comprehensive pollution level was mild pollution and above.[Conclusions]L.christinae was mainly polluted by Cr,followed by Zn;this study can provide basic data for drafting of the limit standard for heavy metal elements in L.christinae.

Influence of Soil Geochemistry to the Quality of Winter Jujube in Zhanhua

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of soil geochemistry on the quality of winter jujube.[Method]Based on the data of ecological geochemical survey in lower Yellow River Basin,the relevance of the geochemistry environment in top soils and the quality of winter jujubes was analyzed.[Result]Cd,Ni and other heavy metals in the soil more obviously affected the nutrition of winter jujubes.[Conclusion]B,Mn,MgO,Cd,Zn,K2O and other elements in the root soil played an important role in the enrichment of Cr and Hg of winter jujube fruit.And the absorption of heavy metals in winter jujube root could be interfered by improving fertilization method,to reduce the enrichment of harmful elements in jujube fruit.

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定中草药中的重金属元素

In this paper,the determination of six heavy metal ions (arsenic,lead,cadmium,chromium,mercury and nickel) in the Chinese Herb by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was studied.The samples were digested by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave oven.The Sc,Y,In,Bi were added as internal standards to eliminate the matrix interferences.The results show that most of the relative standard deviations of these trace elements were below 3.5%,the standard recoveries of these elements were in the range of 91%-107%,and the detection limits were in the range of 0.001-0.006 μg·L-1. This method is accurate,rapid,convenience,and can be applied to the determination of arsenic,lead,cadmium,chromium,mercury and nickel in Chinese Herb with good results.

SR-XRF analysis of Polytrichum in the Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica

In order to study the element contents and distribution of various mosses collected in the Antarctica, we analyzed the heavy elements of 3 species of Polytri-chum in the Fildes Peninsula, P. alpinum, P. juniperinum and P. alpestre, by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence ( SR-XRF). The result shows that the elements, such as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Sr, are nearly the same in Potytrichum. The peak intensity of K is higher than that of Ca, and the peak intensity of Ca is higher than that of Fe in P. alpinum. In P. juniperinum, the peak intensity of K is higher than that of Ca, and the peak intensity of Ca is close to that of Fe. The peak intensity of K is nearly equal to those of Ca and Fe in P. alpestre. Therefore, the habitats of 3 species of Polytrichum are similar in the Fildes Peninsula. By XRF analyzing of different parts of P. alpestre, we found that the peak intensities of relative concentration of elements are obviously different. The peak intensity of K in apical-bud is the highest in organism. The peak intensity ratio of K/Ca is 1. 30, but they are below 1.0 in all the other parts. The peak intensity of Mn in pseudo-root is the highest in organism , and the peak intensity ratio of Mn/Fe is 0.21, the biggest. In the parts of older leaf and pseudo-root, the ratios of Cu/Zn are 1. 20 and 1. 84 respectively, whereas they are less than 1 in the other parts. The element Br is seen specially in the older leaf and pseudo-root, that may result from the organs aged, and enhance the ability of anti-rottenness itself.

Local concentration of middle and heavy rare earth elements in the col on the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

This present study focused on investigating the content and relative enrichment multiple of rare earth elements（REEs） in different terrain of weathered ore body, and the value of light rare earth elements/middle and heavy rare earth elements（LREEs/HREEs）, in order to understand the mobilization and redistribution of HREEs, Furthermore, the abrasion pH was investigated as well, The results show that the average contents of HREEs in the knap, ridge and col are 37.26, 61.71, and 271.3 μg/g, respectively. The value of LREEs/HREEs is decreased from 16.78 to 7.914 between knap and col and the relative enrichment multiple of HREEs is as follows： CCol-HREEs 〉 CRidge-HREEs 〉 0. It is indicated the HREEs is concentrated in the col and the enrichment degree of HREEs is stronger than the ridge and the knap. Rare earth elements fractionation is exhibited in the different terrain of weathered ore body. Based on this study, the finding that HREEs concentrate in the lower terrain of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores, such as in the col, would become a marker or indicator to search for middle and heavy rare earth enriched zone.

Emission control for precursors causing acid rain(V): Improvement of acid soil with the bio-briquette combustion ash

The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3—5 t/cm 2 line pressure has aroused people's attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0—10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, 7 times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%—8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil.

Growth, Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts

Soil amendment with fly ash（FA） and combined supplementation with N_2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2. Basic soil properties, p H value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m2 N_2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and plant parts（root and seed） were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several plant micronutrients（Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu） and toxic elements（Pb, Cr and Cd） increased in soils and plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m2, with 1.0 kg/m2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N_2-fixation.

Tb doping induced enhancement of anomalous Hall effect in NiFe films

Tbx（Ni0.8Fe0.2）1-x films with x ≤ 0.14 are fabricated and the anomalous Hall effect is studied. The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity and the extrinsic one from the impurity and phonon induced scattering both increase with increasing x. The enhancement of the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity is ascribed to both the weak spin–orbit coupling enhancement and the Fermi level shift. The enhancement of the extrinsic term comes from the changes of both Fermi level and impurity distribution. In contrast, the in-plane and the out-of-plane uniaxial anisotropies in the Tb Ni Fe films change little with x. The enhancement of the Hall angle by Tb doping is helpful for practical applications of the Hall devices.

Study effects of El Jadida—Casablanca industrial zone neighbouring areas

The analytical technique PIXE experiment for measuring light and heavy elements concentration inside different samples of soil and residual water collected in the region of Safi-El Jadida, where an industrial complex resided, was performed. The same method was used to investigate the presence of elements ranging from silicon to lead in different soils samples and seaweed collected upstream from the site of Safi-El Jadida industrial zone, inside lands and downstream of it, in the entrance of the Casablanca region. This study allows us to highlight the influence of activities of this industrial zone on the neighbouring areas the site.

Releases of phosphate fertilizer industry in the surrounding environment:Investigation on heavy metals and polonium-210 in soil

Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn concentrations and the activity of polonium-210 in the surrounding area of a phosphate fertilizer industry located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea has been determined. Nineteen sampling sites were distributed around the industrial zone on a surface area of about 100,000 m^2. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Alpha spectroscopy were used to quantify the heavy elements and polonium-210, respectively. Investigation on a particle scale was conducted by TEM and SEM coupled to EDX and X-ray cartography to determine the nature of heavy elements carriers and their distribution. Heavy elements were mainly concentrated inside the particle size fraction 〈 50 μm. Their levels decreased with distance increasing from the industry. According to the reference soil, enrichment factors were about 10, 15, 32 and 100 times for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr, respectively inside the particle size fraction 〈 50 μm on the closest sites to the industry. The main contaminant sources were transport and storage of row materials and the free release of phosphogypsum waste. Heavy elements were entrapped inside agglomerates of sulfates, phosphates and iron oxihydroxides in a diffused shape. Polonium-210 with an enrichment factor of about 56, showed the same behavior of the spatial distribution of the trace elements.