Investigation and Evaluation on Heavy Metal Content and Pesticide Residues of Three Edible Forest Products in Central Sichuan Province

Taking three mains edibles products(walnut, prickly ash and bamboo shoots) and origin soil in central area of Sichuan Province as the study objects, this research aimed at revealing the level of heavy metals and pesticide residue and comprehensive evaluation the soil heavy metal pollution in the region. The results showed that: ① Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metal contents of mercury, arsenic in the south area were significant higher than that in the north area, while the heavy metal contents of lead and copper were significantly higher in the north area; ② The pollution index of six heavy metals of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and copper in the producing area was less than 1.0. However, the integrated pollution index was at a warning level, and there was a potential risk of cadmium contamination; ③ The walnut samples exceeded the lead limit value over 75% in the north area and over 35% in the south area, and the same as 30% of bamboo shoot samples; ④ There was a significant negative correlation of mercury content between walnut samples and production soil, and a significant positive correlation of arsenic content between bamboo shoots and production soil. In addition, there is no significant correlation of heavy metal contents between prickly samples and production soil; ⑤ Fenthion residues were detected in walnuts, malathion samples were detected in prickly ash, and chlorothalonil, dimethoate and chlorpyrifos residues in bamboo shoots samples. None of theses pesticide residues exceeded the standard limit value. In general, the soil is in well sanitary condition and the edible forest products are not exposed to the contamination of pesticide residues in the study area. The quality and safety of the prickly ash is good while the walnut and bamboo shoots have certain risks in terms of high lead level.

Organochlorine pesticide and heavy metal residues in some edible biota collected from Quanzhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,Southeast China

In order to assess the contamination of edible marine organisms in Quanzhou and Xinghua Bays, Fujian Province, China, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides （hexachlorocyclohexane isomers or HCHs and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers/derivatives or DDTs） and heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Cd, Ni and Hg） in 13 species collected from different sites in the hays were analyzed by GC-ECD and ICP-MS. The concentration of the sum of DDTs exceeded that the sum of HCHs in the samples. Most of the organisms showed higher levels of DDTs than the first level criterion （10 ng/g） for marine biological quality in China （GB 18421-2001） but conformed to the first level criterion （20 ng/g） for HCHs. The estimated mean daily uptake of pesticides was below the level for minimal risk to the consumers. The levels of Cd, As and Pb in most organisms from both bays were markedly elevated and above the recommended legal limits for human consumption. Our results showed the need for routine monitoring of marine species contamination to ensure public and environmental health.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in Dendrobium officinale Produced in Guangxi

[Objectives]To establish a method for the determination of heavy metals and pesticide residues in Dendrobium officinale produced in Guangxi and its culture substrate.[Methods]The contents of five heavy metals(Pb,Cd,As,Hg and Cu)were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric(AAS)method;residues of 9 organochlorine pesticides(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,p,p′-DDD,o,p′-DDT and pentachloronitrobenzene)were determined by gas chromatography(GC).[Results]The contents of five heavy metals in the medicinal materials of D.officinale produced in Guangxi were 0.96,0.21,0.021 mg/kg,and not detected,and 0.35 mg/kg.The contents of five heavy metals in the culture substrate were 0.03,0.19,0.21,0.004 and 1.80 mg/kg,respectively;the content of 9 organochlorine pesticide residues in the sample was not detected.[Conclusions]The detection results of heavy metal content and organochlorine pesticide residues in D.officinale produced in Guangxi and its substrate are consistent with the limit requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.This experiment is expected to provide reliable data reference for ensuring the safety of the drug resources of D.officinale in Guangxi.

Safety Limit Test of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in the Zhuang Ethnic Medcine Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 Producing Areas

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of such five heavy metals as lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),mercury(Hg)and copper(Cu)and the contents of nine kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues including total BHC(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC)and total DDT(pp-DDE,pp-DDD,op-DDT,pp-DDT)and pentachloronitrobenzene in the Zhuang medicine Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 producing areas.[Methods]The five heavy metals were determined in accordance with the second method of general rule 2341,the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method,in part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia;and the nine organochlorines were determined in accordance with the first method of general rule 2341,organochlorine pesticide residue determination method(chromatography),in part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Results]In the Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 origins,the lead contents were in the range of 0.50-3.28 mg/kg;the cadmium contents were in the range of 0.06-4.21 mg/kg;the arsenic contents were in the range of 0.16-6.9 mg/kg;the copper contents were in the range of 10.5-45.1 mg/kg;the mercury contents were in the range of 0.00-0.003 mg/kg;and the nine organochlorines including the total benzene hexachloride(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC),total DDT(pp-DDE,pp-DDD,op-DDT,pp-DDT)and pentachloronitrobenzene were all not detected.Referring to part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Cu and As of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Hezhou exceeded the standards,the Cu of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Wuzhou exceeded the standard,and the As of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Yulin City and Guilin City exceeded the standard.[Conclusions]This study provides safety limit test data for the development and utilization of Herba Polygoni Chinensis of the Zhuang medicine.

Studies on metals and pesticide content in some Ayurvedic formulations containing Bacopa monnieri L.

OBJECTIVE： Ayurvedic formulations are preferred over other formulations as well as commercialized on broad level to treat various ailments. The World Health Organization has established certain guidelines for quality control of heavy metals and pesticide residues. Bacopa monnieri, a popular herb with immunomodulator and memory-enhancing properties is the chief constituent of several Ayurvedic formulations, which include Brahmi Vati （BV）, Brahmi Ghrita （BG） and Saraswat Churna （SC）, etc. In view of the World Health Organization guidelines, two products of each formulation from six different manufacturers were purchased from Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Bulanala-Varanasi, India for testing heavy metal and pesticide residue. METHODS： In the present study, all the formulations--BY, BG and SC--were selected for estimation of four heavy metals namely lead （Pb）, cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr） and nickel （Ni） by a plasma emission spectrophotometer. Organochlorine pesticidal residues were estimated for dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and a-endosulfan, etc. in total 12 samples of test formulations containing Bacopa monnieri L. using gas chromatography technique. RESULTS： Out of 12 samples, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were present in all samples but below the permissible limit. Although atrazine, aldrin, dialdrin were in below detection limit, but other pesticides were detected in some samples as oxamyl, hexachlorocyclohexanes （α-HCH, β-HCH and y-HCH）, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene. CONCLUSION： The presence of heavy metals in evaluation of heavy metals and pesticide residue the formulations was low to cause toxicity. However n every batch is necessary.

棉秸秆农药残留和重金属及真菌毒素检测分析

【目的】分析新疆6个棉花主产区棉秸秆的农药残留、重金属污染物和黄曲霉毒素B 1(aflatoxin B 1,AFB 1)等指标的含量,以期填补棉秸秆饲料化利用药物残留等基础数据缺失的问题。【方法】在新疆6个棉花种植区中各随机选一块棉田,设置前、中、后3个区域,每个区域设置5个1 m 2的样方,留茬15 cm,采集样方内所有棉秸秆,用剪枝钳剪碎混匀后按四分法采集1 kg样品,用于检测58种农药残留、AFB 1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、氟和5种重金属污染物含量。【结果】新疆6个棉花主产区样品中检出的农药残留分别仅为3、5、3、3、2和1种,大部分登记喷施的农药在棉秸秆样品中并未检出残留。检出的棉秸秆样品中氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、虫螨腈、毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、吡唑醚菌酯、氯氰菊酯、马拉硫磷和啶虫脒的最大残留量为0.150、0.190、0.087、0.210、0.043、0.058、0.024、0.014和0.015 mg/kg,均低于食品安全标准GB 2763―2021中大米的限定值。棉秸秆样品中均检出了砷、铅、镉和铬这4种重金属污染物,最高含量分别为0.428、2.400、0.180和1.090 mg/kg,均低于饲料卫生标准GB 13078―2017中的限定值,符合饲料标准。棉秸秆样品中均未检出AFB 1和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,检出氟的最高含量为20.67 mg/kg,低于饲料标准中的限定值。【结论】棉秸秆符合饲料卫生标准GB 13078―2017中农药残留、AFB 1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、氟和重金属污染物的限量标准,可以安全用作草食家畜的粗饲料。

台农1号百香果的营养成分及食用安全性

【目的】探明棚架立柱栽培方式对百香果果实营养成分、重金属及农药残留的影响,为集中水肥、农药等物资利用及选择种植模式提供科学依据。【方法】以百香果品种台农1号为研究对象,采用棚架立柱栽培(种植密度166株/667m^(2)),参照《中国植物志》对植株进行植物学性状描述,采用国标检测方法对果实水分、灰分、蛋白质、淀粉、总酸、维生素C、总黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、钾、镁、锌、锰、钙、氨基酸、多菌灵、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯、百菌清、铅、镉等进行测定,并对重金属和农药残留进行安全性评价。【结果】台农1号茎圆柱形,叶纸质,掌状3深裂,外果皮光滑,紫色或紫红色,具香气;蛋白质、总黄酮、维生素C、钙、镁、锌含量较高,分别为2.85 g/100g、12.73 mg/100g、21.80 mg/100g、89.0 mg/kg和152.0 mg/kg、3.3 mg/kg;氨基酸16种,以谷氨酸含量最高,为320 mg/100g,赖氨酸为第一限制氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量为381 mg/100g、占总氨基酸的29.75%,非必需氨基酸含量为760 mg/100g、占59.32%,半必需氨基含量为140 mg/100g、占10.93%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为50.13%;未检出多菌灵、百菌清、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯等农药残留;未检出重金属铅,镉含量低于限定值,在安全范围内。【结论】台农1号植株性状稳定,围绕立柱四周不同方位种植,其空间利用率大、果园通风透光好,果实营养丰富,未检测出农药残留,未受重金属污染,食用安全。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中5种元素含量

目的建立测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)含量的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法。方法采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理。采用ICP-MS法测定,等离子体射频功率为1550 W,等离子体气体流速为15.0 L/min,辅助气体(氩气)流速为0.90L/min,雾化气流速为1.05L/min,蠕动泵速为0.1r/s,采样深度为8 mm,调谐模式为No Gas模式,重复3次。结果Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb质量浓度分别在0~500 ng/mL、0~200 ng/mL、0~10 ng/mL、0~5 ng/mL、0~20 ng/mL范围内与仪器响应值线性关系良好(r≥0.9996,n=5),检测限分别为0.0205,0.0045,0.0008,0.0042,0.0051 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.0682,0.0149,0.0027,0.0141,0.0170 mg/kg;精密度、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5%;平均加样回收率分别为99.60%,106.16%,108.93%,115.30%,103.40%,RSD分别为0.84%,6.03%,1.15%,3.56%,0.55%(n=6)。参考《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》,9批样品中的Cu、Hg、Pb均符合限量标准,As、Cd超标的样品分别有8批、2批。结论该方法操作简单,结果准确,可用于测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的含量。

基于苹果木屑的配方栽培平菇的安全性、矿质营养和产量分析

以平菇为试材,采用添加苹果木屑30%~80%的6个配方栽培平菇,研究废弃苹果木屑栽培平菇对子实体重金属、矿质元素和农残的含量及平菇产量的影响,以期实现废弃苹果木屑的资源化利用,寻找平菇栽培的替代原料以降低栽培成本。结果表明:除了Pb,重金属Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni在各配方原料中均被检测到,且随着苹果木屑含量的增加而上升,但6个配方栽培的平菇子实体重金属和农残均不超标;添加50%的苹果木屑配方(即苹果木屑50%、棉籽壳20%、玉米芯20%、麦麸8%、石膏2%、含水量60%)栽培的平菇,产量最高,生物转化率达91.7%,而且K(17068.37±1286.04)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Mg(1487.29±63.17)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Fe(75.02±2.76)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Zn(64.24±2.26)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Mn(8.57±0.28)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Cu(9.75±1.16)mg·kg^(-1)DW的含量较高,确定为苹果木屑栽培平菇的最佳配方。综合原料价格、产量、安全性和矿质营养,苹果木屑可以作为平菇栽培的替代原料。

不同产地多花黄精中农残、重金属含量及砷测定方法改进研究

目的:分析不同产地多花黄精的有机氯农药残留量、重金属元素含量,改进砷测定方法。方法:以11个产地的多花黄精细粉为研究对象,采用气质联用法分析多花黄精中五氯硝基苯、六六六、滴滴涕等成分含量,采用微波消解-石墨炉/冷蒸汽/火焰-原子吸收光谱法测定多花黄精中砷、铅、镉、汞、铜元素含量。结果:11个不同产地的多花黄精中,五氯硝基苯、六六六、滴滴涕含量皆<0.1 mg/kg,符合《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准(WM/T2-2004)》有关限量规定,铅、镉、砷、汞、铜含量皆符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020版一部有关限量规定。结论:可参考《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准(WM/T2-2004)》有关限量规定建立多花黄精有机氯农残限量标准,采用微波消解-石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法测定多花黄精中砷的含量,方法更简单。

温州市杨梅农药残留与重金属污染特征及膳食摄入风险评估

为探明温州市杨梅中农药残留与重金属污染物特征及膳食风险,开展多菌灵、嘧霉胺、啶虫脒等71种农药残留和铬、镍、铜等9种重金属污染物在杨梅中的污染特征及膳食风险研究。结果表明,121份杨梅样品中,84份检出了农药残留,3份检出不合格,杨梅样品的农药检出率为69.42%、合格率为97.52%,多残留检出率为48.76%;共检出农药30种,其中26种未在杨梅或果树生产中登记。从食品安全指数(IFS)评价结果来看,检出农药的IFS值和IFS值均<1,摄入风险在可接受范围。从点评估法评价结果来看,检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)、急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)均<100%,慢急性膳食摄入风险均可接受。杨梅重金属污染物的合格率为94.21%,不合格样品均为镉超标,镉的中位值<均值<限量。从IFS评价结果来看,重金属的摄入风险在可接受范围。研究表明,温州市杨梅农药与重金属的膳食摄入风险均可接受。

大豆及其制品质量安全风险及控制措施研究进展

大豆是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物,在保障人民群众生活需要的同时,也为地方农业生产提供了更多选择,为农户创造了可观的经济效益。大豆及其制品中存在的质量安全风险主要来源于农药污染、重金属污染、真菌毒素污染以及塑化剂污染等方面。本文概述了大豆及其制品中主要污染物的现状,指出了大豆及其制品可能存在的质量安全问题,并提出了相应保障大豆及其制品质量安全的控制措施,以期为我国大豆产业健康快速发展提供一些思考和借鉴。

GC/ICP-MS法分析不同产地火麻仁中重金属及农药残留

研究黑龙江道地药材火麻仁中的有机氯农药和重金属的残留水平。从黑龙江省内4个片区共采集10批样品,我国南方不同产地采集12批样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行重金属的测定,采用气相色谱-质谱法进行农药残留的测定,参照2020版《中国药典》四部通则,对中药材中有机氯农药和重金属的残留进行风险评估。有机氯农药在南方不同产地采集10批样品有所检出;在重金属残留方面,参考《中国药典》对重金属一般限量标准的规定,在南方不同产地采集7批样品超标,其余南方所产火麻仁虽然重金属含量均不超过国标限量标准,但是重金属含量相对于黑龙江省产火麻仁均有较大差异,仍有健康风险。为系统全面精准评价不同产地的火麻仁的质量奠定基础、提供科学依据。

宁夏3种中药材农药残留量及重金属含量分析

为了清楚掌握宁夏地区金银花、红花、艾3种中药材中的农药残留量和重金属含量,采用液相色谱串联质谱法与气相色谱串联质谱法测定金银花、红花、艾3种中药材中71种农药残留量;采用原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉、铜3种重金属含量,采用原子荧光光谱法测定砷、汞2种重金属含量。结果表明,采集的金银花、红花、艾样品中共检出农药9种,分别是吡虫啉、啶虫脒、虫螨腈、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、伏杀硫磷、联苯菊酯、氯吡脲、嘧菌酯,含量在0.020~0.370 mg·kg^(-1);砷、汞、铅、镉4种重金属含量均在合格范围内,其中金银花与红花中铜含量为6.59~12.80 mg·kg^(-1),艾中铜含量为9.00~22.60 mg·kg^(-1),有2个样品中铜含量超标。宁夏地区金银花、红花、艾3种中药材样品内的农药残留量和重金属含量存在一定安全风险,应继续监测,进一步把握中药材的质量安全。

食药两用物质天麻、灵芝的外源性污染物分析

测定食药两用物质天麻、灵芝的外源性污染物,进行安全性风险评估。采用酸碱滴定法测定二氧化硫残留量,微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定7种重金属铬、铜、砷、镉、铅、汞和钡含量,气相色谱质谱联用法测定44种农药残留量,并利用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价重金属污染情况。15批天麻样品中二氧化硫检出率100%,超标率100%,25批灵芝样品检出率12%,无超标现象。天麻和灵芝中重金属含量按中药材属性判定时,合格率100%,按食品属性参照国家安全食品标准判定时,15批天麻中Cr超标11批,25批灵芝样品中Pb超标1批,As超标2批,Cr超标14批;内梅罗综合污染指数显示,天麻和灵芝中轻度以上污染率为73%和40%。灵芝中共检出毒死蜱、联苯菊酯和百菌清3种农药,均符合相关限量要求,天麻样品未检出农药。天麻和灵芝均存在外源性污染风险,天麻中二氧化硫和重金属超标,灵芝有农药超标的风险,研究可为食药两用类物质开展安全性风险评估及制定限量标准提供参考和依据。

蒲江县“两个替代”工程助力柑橘及土壤质量安全水平提升

以蒲江县优势主导产业柑橘为研究对象,选择“有机肥替代化肥,绿色防控代替化学防治”(简称“两替”)工程代表性的生产经营主体抽取春见柑橘样品,经过两年“两替”工程的持续实施,研究发现,2022年和2023年抽取的柑橘样品中农药残留检出情况、部分农药的检出值及有害重金属含量持续降低。柑橘基地土壤中重金属元素含量逐年下降,土壤酶活性和肥力持续明显改善,进一步说明持续推进“两替”工程,可以全面提升农产品质量安全水平,促进了农业增效、农民增收。

种养循环系统中典型有害物质对动物的危害研究进展

种养循环系统是农业生态系统的重要组成部分,循环系统要素健康对于维护生态平衡和保障食品安全至关重要。然而,农药残留、重金属、微/纳米塑料以及抗生素及抗性基因等有害物质在这一系统中的累积和迁移,已成为一个不可忽视的问题,其对生物体的危害效应日益引起关注。众多研究揭示,这些有害物质可通过土壤-植物系统进入食物链,对人类和动物的健康构成潜在威胁。本文综述了当前种养循环系统的主要发展模式以及典型有害物质对动物生理代谢及健康的危害,旨在为开展种养循环系统中有害物质风险评估提供参考。

基于荧光光谱技术的食品检测研究

本文简要介绍了荧光光谱技术的基本原理,并对其在食品检测领域的应用进行了综述,重点阐述了荧光光谱检测方法在几种常见食品污染物中的应用,包括农药残留、重金属污染、非法添加物等。通过对比传统检测方法,分析了荧光光谱技术的优势,如快速、灵敏、无损等。最后,展望了荧光光谱技术在食品检测领域的发展前景,并提出了进一步研究的方向和建议,以期为保障食品安全提供有力的技术支撑。

原子吸收光谱分析法检测复方龙血竭胶囊中重金属含量

目的:为检测复方龙血竭胶囊中重金属残留量。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度法测定复方龙血竭胶囊中的Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg含量,并利用标准曲线测定3个批次复方龙血竭胶囊中重金属的含量。结果:复方龙血竭胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As含量分别为0.23、0.32、0.51 mg/kg;0.05、0.08、0.06 mg/kg;0.05、0.04、0.04 mg/kg;0.26、0.58、0.40 mg/kg;0.01、0.02、0.03 mg/kg;Hg元素含量未检出。结论:复方龙血竭胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg等5种重金属含量均符合2020版《中国药典》标准要求,安全性较好。

原子吸收光谱分析法检测虎力散胶囊中重金属含量

为了检测虎力散胶囊中重金属残留量,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定虎力散胶囊中的Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg,并利用标准曲线法计算3个不同批次虎力散胶囊中重金属的含量。测定结果得到,虎力散胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg含量分别为1.59、1.95、1.66mg/kg;0.19、0.28、0.17mg/kg;0.21、0.32、0.22mg/kg;0.64、0.38、0.41mg/kg;0.01、0.02、0.03 mg/kg,虎力散胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg等5种重金属含量均符合2020版《中国药典》标准要求,安全性较好。