The Hegelian Tragedy, Negative Dialectic and Ethical Substance in Sophocles＇ Antigone

Breaking with Aristotle＇s theory of tragedy in which the grand magnitude of the spirit of the tragic hero somehow trapped and misguided by a certain tragic flaw arouses the audiences＇ emotional intensity of pity and fear for the functioning of catharsis, Hegel analyzes the structure of tragedy in terms of the social conflict, in the case of Sophocles＇ Antigone, between the ruler Creon and the rebel Antigone, the patriarchal state and the individual woman, the civil codes and the divine law. Rejecting Creon＇s dictatorship and performing civil disobedience, Antigone intentionally buries the dead body of her brother Polyneices at the cost of being sentenced to death. Through this sacrifice, Antigone exposes the structural fissure of the civil society embedded in decaying morality for realizing the higher ideal of divine law and ethics. Through Antigone＇s sacrifice, the paradox of self-denial and self-elevation manifests the inner principle of dialectic through which the very opposite forces of contradiction engender the dynamic facets of the formation of modern civil society. As Hegelian dialectic is driven by its inner principle of negativity or negation of negation, through self-denial, Antigone transcends the moral codes of the mundane world for reaching the higher divine will. Yet, this dialectical ascending does not indicate a transcendent hero beyond the human world; instead, through the means of self-denying sacrifice, Antigone accomplishes the purpose of the divine will and conveys the divine spirit incarnated in the human flesh. For Hegelian tragic hero, the external and internal conflicts lead to the realization of self-consciousness and the ultimate consummation of heroic identity. Instead of being conditioned by Aristotelian tragic flaw and unconquerable fate, for Hegel, Antigone explicates the modern rebellious spirit of free will, and this martyrdom, not in the sense of scapegoat as the passive substitute for the sin of collective human community, presents a modern sense of tragic hero, an incarnated flesh invested with politically radical spirit. The flesh figure of heroine Antigone exemplifies the immanent power of ethical substance and dialectically transforms the divine will into the earthly spirit. Thus, this paper aims to investigate into the shift from Aristotle＇s concept of tragic hero to Hegelian dialectic tragedy and further examines how Hegelian tragic hero engenders the historical move into Western modernity through negative dialectic and accomplishes the self-other positioning of ethical substance presented in Sophocles＇ Antigone.

On Hegel＇ s Aufhebung of Plato＇ s Dialectic

According to relevant lectures in the Vorlesungenüber die Geschichte der Philosophie,this paper is trying to illustrate how Hegel understands and explains Plato’s dialectic.Hegel,to a large extent,views his dialectic as a continuation of the starting point of Plato’s dialectic,but Hegel develops Plato’s"negative dialectic"into his"speculative dialectic"by absorbing Neo-Platonists’explanation,especially Proklos’.The essential difference between the two is that Plato’s dialectic,in essence,is satisfied with an external comparison of abstract determinations,and thus can’t bring forth logic connections of categories and obtain an internal development of categories in an organic structure of system.

Five Dialectics of Xi Jinping's Theory on Ecological Progress

Xi Jinping's theory on ecological progress expands and deepens Marx's views on ecology and spells out the five dialectics between economic development and ecological conservation, the will of the nation and the will of the people, Chinese characteristics and global approaches, cultural concepts and institutional design, as well as the community of life and the community of shared future for mankind. It carries significance for our time and is weighted with theoretical value. At this stage, learning and studying the dialectics and value orientation of Xi Jinping's theory on ecological progress offers scientific guidance and value-based directions for China's efforts to promote an ecological civilization.

On Beijing Dialect Translation from the Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization --A Case Study of Shi Xiaojing＇ s English Version of Luotuo Xiangzi

In Lao She＇s works, the use of the Beijing dialect has a strong local characteristic, and readers can fully appreciate the essence of old Beijing＇ s flavor. His famous work Luotuo Xiangzi has embodied the characteristics of Beijing, that is why it is popular among both the public and mmslators. Threrfore, it is significant to study the English translation of Luotuo Xiangzi. Shi Xiaojing has the background of living abroad, and she has also been influenced by Chinese culture. So, her translation ofLuotuo Xiangzi is worth analyzing. This paper will analyze some examples of Beijing dialect in Shi Xiaojing＇s English Version of Luotuo Xiangzi by using the theory of domestication and foreignization to make a summary and to identify deficiencies.

Hegel's Philosophical Discourse of Political Ethics and Spirit of Enchantment

Philosophy of Right as the text of Hegel's thought of practical philosophy has been the most important academic dominance on Hegel.The differences of ethical spirit between Phenomenology of Spirit and Philosophy of Right were lack of attention.The former focuses on historical consciousness in formation of modern spirit.The latter which is construction practice is based on the former.This concern will enable us to maintain a clear understanding of the particularity behind universal ethical values in globalization era and multi-cultural dialogue.

The Labiodentalization of [ts], [ts‘], [s] in Ningyang Dialect

This paper aims to analyze the Labiodentalization of the retroflexes[ts],[ts‘],[s]in Ningyang dialect.From the general knowledge of phonology,this paper will firstly focus on the introduction of Ningyang dialect and the articulation of these three sounds.Then,with the results from the field work,the labiodentalization of[ts],[ts‘],[s]is explained from two aspects,one is the assimilation of the vowel[u],the other is the hierarchical change of phonology.This study concludes with the reason of the labiodentalized process of[ts],[ts‘],[s]in Ningyang dialect over time,and points out a further trend of this kind of phonological change.

论自身关系--关于德国古典哲学遗产的思考

以往从马克思主义哲学角度看,德国古典哲学遗产主要是指黑格尔的辩证法,但也有一条贯穿于德国古典哲学的思想线索,即自身关系思想。这一思想既是反映事物本质内涵的思想内容,又是一种认识事物本质的思维方法。它是理解黑格尔辩证法理论及其应用的内在机理,应作为遗产加以挖掘。自身关系作为问题是在康德哲学中提出来的,其实质是如何解决物自体的不可知问题。费希特通过自我设定行动,在自我与非我之间建立了意识的自身关系,才实现了自我本质认识。谢林则以绝对自我的能动性建立了纯粹意识的自身关系,进而达到对绝对本质的直观。黑格尔在前人的基础上,通过把意识的自身关系改造为概念或实体的自身关系;于是概念或实体便在自身关系的框架中以自身分化和自身扬弃、自身规定和自身否定、自身联系和自身转化等方式建立了庞大的逻辑学体系,以达到绝对理念的认识。

青年马克思对黑格尔批判方法的再现实化

马克思在“对黑格尔的辩证法和整个哲学的批判”中,首次明确肯定“黑格尔辩证法的积极的环节”。这个隐藏于批判主题下常被忽视的变化,成为马克思从费尔巴哈总问题必然地走向黑格尔总问题的开端,即从解构式批判到建构式批判的过渡。马克思正是借助对黑格尔异化概念的“批判的形式”和作为“推动原则和创造原则的否定性”的肯定和再现实化,才创立起真正的批判方法,意识到黑格尔思辨哲学与国民经济学异化现实的同构关系,辩证地揭示出私有财产的普遍本质和历史意义。正是马克思的批判引入了更具现实性的“历史性”维度,才为超越费尔巴哈的伦理逻辑、迈向唯物史观提供了理论契机。

马克思在何种意义上批判黑格尔辩证法的总体性

马克思依据主客体统一的思想内涵,从生存论、方法论和论证方式三重视角对黑格尔辩证法的总体性进行了批判。在生存论上,马克思揭示黑格尔辩证法以形式批判性遮蔽现实活动非批判性的实质,驳斥其主客体未经现实批判就达至“绝对统一”的虚假形式。在方法论上,马克思在分析黑格尔实现主客体统一所依托的“中介”时,批判其肆意移用“自我意识”代替劳动发挥“中介”作用而导致的逻辑断裂。在论证方式上,马克思通过审视黑格尔将“自我意识”的辩证运动直接沿用到剖析现实社会总体性的运思逻辑,批驳其基于概念展开“先验思索”的叙述结构。马克思在三重意义上对黑格尔的批判深刻揭示了黑格尔辩证法的总体性超脱于现实根基、沉浸于思辨逻辑的局限,彰显了马克思辩证法的总体性的理论旨趣和现实关怀。

邵阳方言特殊双宾句S+V+O_直+O_间

邵阳方言的特殊双宾语句式S+V+O直+O间和动词V的特点及O直和O间的音节复杂程度有关。双宾句S+V+O直+O间可以从共时和历时的分布情况来考察。在邵阳方言中,S+V+O直+O间双宾句的使用与动词的类别及双宾语O直和O间的性质及音节的复杂程度有关,这是语言的内部因素对句式使用的影响。

西宁汉语方言“X呵X(唛),S”句式分析

西宁方言中存在着“X呵X(唛),S”格式的转折复句。本文分析了这一句式中各构成要素的特点及其紧缩形式,探讨了该句式中分句间的语义关系。

“Sein”的系词含义与黑格尔逻辑学体系的建构

"Sein"的系词含义在黑格尔构建起逻辑学体系中发挥着重要作用。借助对黑格尔早期的草稿、口授笔录等文本的考察,发现"Sein"概念确实贯穿于其整个逻辑学体系的建构之中。而黑格尔构造逻辑学范畴体系时所使用的辩证结构,最初来自于对"Sein"的系词含义,亦即由系词联结的"主谓结构"。同时,就思想进程而言,无论"Sein""Dasein"等概念还是"es ist",首先都要应用"S是P"结构,随后才是进一步的语法变形。因此,可以这么说,"Sein"的系词含义是黑格尔辩证思维的首要逻辑起点,相较于其"存在(有)"的汉译而言,将"Sein"汉译为"是"也更有助于从逻辑上理解黑格尔的逻辑学体系。

Dialectics： Hegel, Marx and post-metaphysics

In the history of philosophical development, Hegel fulfilled the ＂convergence＂ of dialectics and metaphysics and blazed a dialectical philosophical path that transcended metaphysics 1hrough his critique of abstract reason. Via critiques of both abstract reason and abstract being （capital）, Marx managed to ＂end＂ metaphysics with dialectics, and initiated dialectics＇ ＂ruthless criticism of everything existing.＂ To ＂clarify＂ the dialectics of Hegel and Marx in a ＂post-metaphysical＂ vision and construct a theory of dialectics of modem human praxis, it is necessary to deepen criticism of＂the metaphysical horror＂ and the exploration of truth-law-objectivity, and adhere to ＂anti-metaphysical＂ ＂metaphysical pursuit.＂

安徽方言特殊句式“S+V+N+在”的再认识

安徽方言中有一种特殊句式'S+V+N+在',这种句式主要分布在合肥市、六安市、滁州市、芜湖市和巢湖市五个地区。前人在研究这个句式时比较注重讨论'在'字的性质,却忽视了对这一句式进行整体研究;而且所用语料往往只局限于某一地区,未能从更大范围上揭示其一般规律和地区之间的细微差别。文章以安徽省和各地方的地方志委员会编纂的几部志书为语料,分析了该句式的基本特点,揭示了句式的地域特点和差异。此外,探讨了能进入这个句式的动词的语义特征,并试着从'在'的性质的角度探讨了该句式的来源。

湖南衡山方言起责备性强调作用的语气词“时(s■11)”

湖南衡山方言前山话中“时[s■11]”做虚词里的语气词,分布在陈述句和反问句的中间和末尾,在对比中体现责备性质的强调语气,可以引入话题、承接话题、引起对比。它从时间词“时”逐步虚化出来。

回到自在的差异——德勒兹对黑格尔辩证法的三重批判

德勒兹对黑格尔辩证法持鲜明的批判态度,他认为在黑格尔那里,差异仅仅被理解为辩证的、思辨的差异,即绝对精神内部的自相矛盾,而这种自相矛盾又随着绝对精神的自我回归得到最终解决。通过回到自在的差异,他彻底颠覆了黑格尔辩证法的三重机制:表象主义、同一哲学和绝对体系,从而避免了在黑格尔的地基上反对黑格尔。首先,德勒兹追溯了以往哲学史对差异的表象主义把握,揭示出黑格尔式的辩证运动是由概念所表象的差异趋向最高同一性的运动,是取消了真实差异的虚假运动而非自在的差异运动,因而只是使自在的差异无法出场的无限大的表象运动。其次,黑格尔辩证法的否定性原则是绝对精神自我回归的原则,而不是差异之逃逸的去中心化原则。要真正使自在的差异现身,还需要进一步使自在的差异从黑格尔同一哲学的外部否定和中心化管理之下逃逸出去,不是以同一性否定差异,而是肯定差异自身的差异化力量。最后,在以柏拉图主义为肇始的绝对体系破产之后,黑格尔的绝对知识体系的地位也岌岌可危,重新向自在的差异敞开要求颠转柏拉图主义中原型与拟像的地位,认识到主动综合之下的被动综合,转变对自在的差异的态度。

论辩证法的确定性--以黑格尔和马克思的辩证法为例

辩证法有其自身的确定性,丧失了确定性的诡辩论和怀疑论只是对辩证法的主观性应用。辩证法的确定性根源于客观的“事情本身”,辩证法是关于“事情本身”的逻辑,这一逻辑要求把握“事情本身”的主观性不打扰“事情本身”的进程,从而保证了辩证法的确定性。黑格尔面向的“事情本身”是绝对精神,其辩证法描述的是绝对精神“实体即主体”的实现过程,而马克思面向的“事情本身”是人,其辩证法描述的是“人的现实生活”,均具有确定性。

《费尔巴哈论》对德国古典哲学的批判及现实启示

德国古典哲学是马克思主义哲学的思想来源之一。恩格斯在晚年时期,为纠正错误思想以清算过去的哲学信仰,撰写了《费尔巴哈论》一文。他不仅发现了黑格尔哲学的合理内核及其体系的内在矛盾,还揭示了费尔巴哈唯物主义哲学所实现的革命性变革及其历史观上的唯心主义缺陷,指出了马克思主义哲学是在吸收和借鉴德国古典哲学的基础上所实现的超越。这对正确认识德国古典哲学、把握二者对马克思主义哲学产生的影响及马克思主义实现的哲学变革具有极其重要的意义。同时,恩格斯对德国古典哲学的批判彰显着坚守科学理论的态度。在新时代应坚持从实际出发,不断推动马克思主义中国化。

黑格尔关于怀疑主义、辩证法与思辨之关系的最终规定——以《小逻辑》第78-82小节为中心

依据黑格尔《哲学科学百科全书纲要——第一部分:逻辑学》(《小逻辑》)中的相关论述,通过对逻辑真实体的三个环节的考察,澄清“知性(知性的肯定)—怀疑主义(知性的否定/知性的辩证法)—辩证(理性的否定方面/否定的辩证法)—思辨[理性的肯定(否定之否定)方面/肯定的辩证法]”的结构和四者之间过渡的必然性。由此,怀疑主义、辩证法与思辨之间的关系的最终规定得以阐明:知性自身误解着地运用辩证法时,就形成了怀疑主义,并且辩证法本质上是属于理性的,与此同时,黑格尔为了区分否定的辩证法和肯定的辩证法,他在这里更多的是把“辩证(的环节)”作为否定的辩证法(否定的理性)来运用,并用“思辨(的环节)”这一概念代替了肯定的辩证法(肯定的理性)。

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的辩证特质

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是马克思主义中国化理论创新的重要成果。这一思想的辩证特质可概括为“七个统一”,即历史底蕴与时代境遇的统一、理论承继与创新发展的统一、实践探索与问题导向的统一、系统谋划和具体指南的统一、敢于斗争与勇于担当的统一、党性原则与人民立场的统一、中国价值与世界贡献的统一。对这一思想的辩证特质进行多维透视,是科学理解与准确把握其丰赡内涵和思想真谛的重要前提与必然要求。