Platform Evolution in an Oligo-Miocene Back-arc Basin:An Example from the Central Iran Basin

The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran.The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo-Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway.This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non-carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin.A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area.Six third-order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo-Miocene succession.According to all results and data,this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic-carbonate composition,including the Bouma sequence.Then,from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian,the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile.With respect to tectonic activity,this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation.Finally,a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian,terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation.Regarding all geological characteristics,three main tectono-eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back-arcbasin.

Elemental Compositions of Clinopyroxenes from Southern Okinawa Trough Basalt:Implications for Magmatism and Structural Environment in an Initial Back-Arc Basin

The major and trace elemental compositions of clinopyroxene from basalt were used to characterize the nature of the primitive magma and structural environment beneath the southern Okinawa Trough(SOT),which is an initial back-arc basin at a continental margin.The clinopyroxenes in the basalt were augite with variable Mg^(#)contents(73.37-78.22).The regular variations in major oxide contents(i.e.,CaO,FeO,TiO_(2),and Cr)with decreasing Mg#implied that the clinopyroxenes evolved from being enriched in Mg,Ca,and Cr to being enriched in Fe and Ti.The clinopyroxenes had relatively low rare earth element concentrations(7.51×10^(-6) to 12.68×10^(-6))and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.67-0.95).The Kd_(cpx) values of clinopyroxenes(0.2-0.26),which were used to examine whether the clinopyroxene was equilibrated with its host basalt,demonstrate that these clinopyroxene phenocrysts were not captured crystals but were instead produced by crystallization differentiation of the magma.The calculated clinopyroxene crystallization temperatures showed a narrow range of 990-1061℃,and their crystallization pressures ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 kbar.The geochemistry features of these clinopyroxenes indicated that the parent magma belonged to the subalkaline tholeiitic magma series and suggested that the magma experienced crystallization differentiation of olivine,plagioclase,and clinopyroxene,where the crystallization of plagioclase occurred earlier than that of clinopyroxene.Combined with geophysical data,this research on primitive magma and its crystallization differentiation from clinopyroxene indicates that the SOT is in the stage of‘seafloor spreading’and that basaltic rocks produced from tholeiitic magma represent the generation of oceanic crust.

Origin of high heat flow in the back-arc basins of Sumatra:An opportunity for geothermal energy development

Volcanic arcs such as the Barisan Mountains have been identified as attractive areas for the utilization of geothermal energy,as exemplified by Ulubelu in Lampung and Sarulla in North Sumatra.However,environmental factors in the Barisan Mountains remain a primary obstacle to the exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy.The back-arc basins of Sumatra exhibit the highest heat flow worldwide;however,the heat source in this area remains a controversial issue.This study aims to investigate the origin of the high heat flow in the back-arc basins of Sumatra(North,Central,and South Sumatra basins)based on geothermal data from 384 oil wells and the current literature for geological evaluation.The findings of this study indicate that the back-arc basins of Sumatra experienced severe extensional deformation during the Tertiary Period through a large pull-apart and slab rollback mechanism.This deformation resulted in the thinning of the continental crust in this region(27-32 km)and the formation of multiple normal faults.Consequently,the presence of magma resulting from mantle upwelling implies a high heat flow in the back-arc basins of Sumatra.This condition ranks the back-arc basins of Sumatra among the highest heat flow regions of the world,with heat flows>100 mW/m^(2).These findings indicate that the back-arc basins of Sumatra have significant opportunities to exploit their geothermal energy potential.This study provides novel insights into the potential of geothermal energy,particularly in the back-arc basins of Sumatra.

The accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of oil and gas in the back-arc basin of Japan under the background of high heat flow

The Sea of Japan is located in the southeast margin of Eurasia, in the triangle area of the western Pacific Ocean. Due to the interaction of the Pacific plate, Eurasian plate and Philippine plate, its tectonic environment is complex, forming a typical trench-arc-basin system. At present, 148 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Japan, with an oil and gas resource of 255.78×10^(6) t, showing a good prospect for oil and gas exploration. Based on the previous research and the recently collected geological and geophysical data, the characteristics of tectonic-sedimentary evolution and geothermal field in the basins around the Sea of Japan are analyzed. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the basin is mainly controlled by plate subduction and back-arc oceanic crust expansion, and it mainly undergone four tectonic-sedimentary evolution stages: Subduction period, basin development period, subsidence period and compression deformation period. The overall heat flow value of Japan Sea is high, and it is distributed annularly along Yamato Ridge. The geothermal heat flow value is about 50–130 MW/m^(2), and the average heat flow is75.9±19.8 MW/m^(2), which has a typical “hot basin ”. The high heat flow background provides unique thermal evolution conditions for hydrocarbon generation, which leads to the high temperature and rapid evolution. The authors summarized as “early hydrocarbon generation, rapid maturity and shallow and narrow hydrocarbon generation window”. The type of oil and gas is mainly natural gas, and it mainly distributed in Neogene oil and gas reservoirs. The trap types are mainly structural traps, lithologic traps and composite traps. In addition, the pre-Neogene bedrock oil and gas reservoirs also show a good exploration prospect. The resource prospecting indicates that Niigata Basin, Ulleung Basin and kitakami Basin are the main target areas for future exploration and development.

Influence of multi-stage volcanic events on the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene reservoirs and its geological significance in the northern Central Myanmar Basin

The northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust triggered multiple magmatic activities in the West Myanmar Arc,which in turn influenced the deposition of sedimentary pyroclastic rocks from the Cretaceous to Eocene strata in the Central Myanmar Basin(CMB).The pore structure of these lithologic reservoirs is complex and rich in tuffaceous sandstone,which plays an adverse role in reservoir development in this region.To understand the development characteristics and genetic mechanism of the pyroclastic rocks within three sets of reservoirs in this area,a comprehensive analysis was conducted through borehole core observations,thin section identification,scanning electron microscope analysis,and mercury injection tests.The tuffaceous sandstone from the upper Cretaceous to the Eocene is dominated by intermediate-acid volcanic rock debris.The pyroclastic rocks exhibit evident chloritization and ironization,with residual intergranular pores being the principal type accompanied by a smaller amount of intergranular dissolved pores and intragranular dissolved pores.The highest porosity is observed in the Eocene tuffaceous sandstone,ranging from 8%to 12%.The Late Cretaceous to Paleocene sandstones exhibit lower porosity levels of only 4%-6%.These reservoirs are characterized by their low porosity and low-permeability.Despite the presence of a good source rock in this area,the volcanic debris particles filling the pores,as well as their subsequent devitrification,chloritization,and limonite mineralization,result in pore throat blockage and narrowing.The reservoirs in this area are small in size,exhibit poor reservoir connectivity and lateral continuity,and fail to meet the necessary conditions for commercial-scale hydrocarbon accumulation and migration.

Intra-continental back-arc basin inversion and Late Carboniferous magmatism in Eastern Tianshan,NW China:Constraints from the Shaquanzi magmatic suite

The Yamansu belt,an important tectonic component of Eastern Tianshan Mountains,of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China hosts many Fe-(Cu)deposit.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of the volcanic rocks of Shaquanzi Formation and diorite intrusions in the Yamansu belt.The Shaquanzi Formation comprises mainly basalt,andesite/andesitic tuff,rhyolite and sub-volcanic diabase with local diorite intrusions.The volcanic rocks and diorites contain ca.315-305 Ma and ca.298 Ma zircons respectively.These rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),light rare-earth elements(LREEs),and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams,which resemble typical back-arc basin rocks.They show depleted mantle signature with ε_(Nd)(t)ranging from+3.1 to +5.6 for basalt;+2.1 to+4.7 for andesite;-0.2 to+1.5 for rhyolite and the ε_(Hf)(t)ranges from-0.1 to +13.0 for andesites;+5.8 to +10.7 for andesitic tuffs.We suggest that the Shaquanzi Formation basalt might have originated from a depleted,metasomatized lithospheric mantle source mixed with minor(3-5%)subduction-derived materials,whereas the andesite and rhyolite could be fractional crystallization products of the basaltic magma.The Shaquanzi Formation volcanic rocks could have formed in an intracontinental back-arc basin setting,probably via the southward subduction of the Kangguer Ocean beneath the Middle Tianshan Massif.The Yamansu mineralization belt might have undergone a continental arc to back-arc basin transition during the Late Carboniferous and the intra-continental back-arc basin might have closed in the Early Permian,marked by the emplacement of dioritic magma in the Shaquanzi belt.

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin: A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid.Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences （designated as SS1 and SS2） and five third-order sequences （designated as S1-S5）. Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and Iowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined （S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2--C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F）; a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing： （1） a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; （2） a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and （3） a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences （S1 and S3） of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences （S2 and S4-S5） of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.

Bottom Simulating Reflector and Gas Seepage in Okinawa Trough:Evidence of Gas Hydrate in an Active Back-Arc Basin

To look for gas hydrate, 22 multi-channel and 3 single-channel seismic lines on the East China Sea （ECS） shelf slope and at the bottom of the Okinawa Trough were examined. It was found that there was indeed bottom simulating reflector （BSR） occurrence, but it is very rare. Besides several BSRs, a gas seepage was also found. As shown by the data, both the BSR and gas seepage are all related with local geological structures, such as mud diapir, anticline, and fault-controlled graben-like structure. However, similar structural ＂anomalies＂ are quite common in the tectonically very active Okinawa Trough region, but very few of them have developed BSR or gas seepage. The article points out that the main reason is probably the low concentration of organic carbon of the sediment in this area. It was speculated that the rare occurrence of gas hydrates in this region is governed by structure-controlled fluid flow. Numerous faults and fractures form a network of high-permeability channels in the sediment and highly fractured igneous basement to allow fluid circulation and ventilation. Fluid flow in this tectonic environment is driven primarily by thermal buoyancy and takes place on a wide range of spatial scales. The fluid flow may play two roles to facilitate hydrate formation： to help gather enough methane into a small area and to modulate the thermal regime.

Generation of Back-Arc Basins as Side Effect of Shortening Processes: Examples from the Central Mediterranean

The evolution of the Mediterranean area since the Oligocene-Lower Miocene has been driven by the convergence of the surrounding plates. This implies that the observed deformation pattern in that region must be the most convenient shortening pattern, i.e. the one controlled by the minimum action principle. To understand why the fulfilment of such condition has required a complex spatio-temporal distribution of major tectonic events, such as uplift, lateral displacement and bending of orogenic belts, consumption of large lithospheric domains and formation of back arc basins, it may be very useful to take into account a basic tectonic concept, which helps to identify the process that can minimize the resistance of tectonic forces. Such concept starts from the fact that the most convenient consumption process is the one that involves low buoyancy oceanic lithosphere (Tethyan domains). However, such process is highly favoured where the oceanic lithosphere is stressed by vertical forces, a situation that develops when orogenic wedges are forced to over thrust and load the oceanic domain to be consumed. This interpretation can provide plausible and coherent explanations for the complex pattern of the observed deformations. In this view, the generation of back arc basins is taken as a side effect of an extrusion process, as suggested by numerical and mechanical experiments.

Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling

Hydrothermal precipitates associated with active vents in the eastern Manus Basin, an actively opening back-arc basin in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea, are among the most Cu-rich on the modern seafloor. The volcanic rocks associated with this mineralization may be insufficiently enriched in Cu to account for the Cu content of the sulfides by simple leaching. The PACMANUS hydrothermal field lies in the eastern portion of the eastern Manus Basin. Mass balance modeling of the PACMANUS hydrothermal system indicates that simple leaching of a stationary reaction zone (0.144 km^3) by hydrothermal fluids cannot yield the Cu found in associated sulfide deposits because unacceptably high leaching, transportation and precipitation efficiencies are required to derive the Cu in sulfides by leaching processes. With 100% leaching, transport and precipitating efficiency, 0.166 km^3 of volcanic rocks would need to be leached to account for the Cu budget of hydrothermal sulfide deposits. The key requirement for forming metal-rich magmatic fluids is a large amount of metals available to enter the exsolved vapor phase. Magmas generated in the eastern Manus Basin inherently have high fO2 because of metasomatism of the mantle source by oxidized materials from the subducted slab, leading to copper enrichment in the magma chamber. Moreover, the presence of Cu in gas-rich melt inclusi on bubbles in Pual Ridge andesite is evidence that degassing and partitioning of Cu into the magmatic volatile phase has occurred in the eastern Manus Basin. Numerical mass balance modeling indicates that approximately 0.236 Mt Cu was potentially transferred to the hydrothermal system per cubic kilometer magma. Magmatic degassing seems to play a more significant role than leaching.

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩的形成时代:来自辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩是兴-蒙造山带最年轻的蛇绿岩带,被认为是华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞的缝合线向东延伸的部分,其代表的古洋盆的形成和关闭时限,一直受到地学界的密切关注。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素方法,获得贺根山蛇绿岩中辉长岩的年龄为357.9±1.5Ma,这代表了贺根山蛇绿岩的结晶年龄。结合前人研究成果,推断贺根山蛇绿岩形成于洋内弧后盆地环境。

Evolution of Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Youjiang Composite Basin, South China

Located at the southern margin of the South China plate, the Youjiang basin is a closely related to the NW- and NE-trending syndepositional faults in respect to the configuration and structure of the basin. The evolution of the Youjiang basin progressed through two stages. In the Hercynian period, the opening of the Ailaoshan-Honghe ocean basin gave rise to a number of NW-trending rift belts in the Youjiang area. During this period, deep-water sediments were dominant and the basin was possesed of the characteristics of the rift system of passive continental margins. In the early Indosinian after the Dongwu movement, the circum - Pacific tectonism led to a major change in the configuration and structure of the basin. In the meantime, the Ailaoshan ocean basin began to be subducted towards the northeast, thus causing the basin to be split and expand again, and then the basin developed into the stage of the back -arc basin. At the end of the Indosinian period, the basin gradually closed from east to west, thus ending up the history of development of the Youjiang basin. In the various developmental stages, sediments in the basin, also limited by the Dongwu movement, were formed by superposition of sedimentation systems with different features, and a typical two-layered structure, which consisted of starved and compensated sediments, also occurred in the early stage. Likewise, volcanic activity in the basin involved two stages. Basin volcanic rocks of alkali and alkali-calcic series, which were controlled by NW-trending faults, occurred in the early stage, and basic and intermediate-acid volcanic rocks of calc-alkali and calcic series, which were controlled by NW- and NE-trending faults. From the above it follows that the Youjiang basin was formed by the combined action of the Palaeotethys and circum -Pacific tectonism.

Source Lithology and Magmatic Processes Recorded in the Mineral of Basalts from the Parece Vela Basin

Since the Early Cenozoic,the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP)has undergone a complex tectonic evolution.During this period the Parece Vela Basin(PVB)was formed by seafloor spreading in the back-arc region of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana(IBM)arc.However,until now,studies of the geological,geophysical,and tectonic evolution of the PVB have been rare.In this study,we obtained in situ trace element and major element compositions of minerals in basalts collected from two sites in the southern part of the PVB.The results reveal that the basalts from site CJ09-63 were likely formed via~10%partial melting of spinel-garnet lherzolite,while the basalts from site CJ09-64 were likely formed via 15%–25%partial melting of garnet lherzolite.The order of mineral crystallization for the basalts from site CJ09-64 was olivine,spinel,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase,while the plagioclase in the basalts from site CJ09-63 crystallized earlier than the clinopyroxene.Using a plagioclase-liquid hygrometer and an olivine-liquid oxybarometer,we determined that the basalts in this study have high H2O contents and oxygen fugacities,suggesting that the magma source of the Parece Vela basalts was affected by subduction components,which is consistent with the trace element composition of whole rock.

Deep geodynamics of far field interconti- nental back-arc extension: Formation of Cenozoic volcanoes in northeastern China

There are three cases of variation of trench location possible to occur during subduction: trench fixed, trench ad- vancing, and trench retreating. Retreat of trench may lead to back-arc extension. The Pacific plate subducts at low angle beneath the Eurasia plate, tomographic results indicate that the subducted Pacific slab does not penetrate the 670 km discontinuity, instead, it is lying flat above the interface. The flattening occurred about 28 Ma ago. Geo- dynamic computation suggests: when the frontier of the subducted slab reaches the phase boundary of lower and upper mantle, it may be hindered and turn flat lying above the boundary, facilitates the retreat of trench and back-arc extension. Volcanism in northeastern China is likely a product of such retreat of subduction, far field back-arc extension, and melting due to reduce of pressure while mantle upwelling.

内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部阿登锡勒大队一带早石炭世高分异I型花岗岩的发现及地质意义

本文对内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部阿登锡勒大队一带二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,年龄为335.9±1.3Ma。岩石地球化学具有高硅、富碱,贫TFe O、Mg O特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于1.03-1.15之间,TFe O/Mg O=6.58-10.13。稀土总量偏低,轻稀土分馏程度相对较高,重稀土不分馏,δEu=0.25-0.69。大离子亲石元素Rb、Th等相对富集,高场强元素Sr、P、Ti表现为强烈亏损,而元素Nb、Ta则表现为相对亏损。属弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩,形成于俯冲构造环境。通过区域对比分析,与近两年在二连浩特—东乌珠穆沁旗地区新发现的早石炭世二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、安山岩、英安岩共同构成了早石炭世贺根山洋盆向北俯冲形成的早石炭世岩浆弧。

对内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩的新认识

本文将华北板块和中亚-蒙古陆块缝合带中前人划分的"贺根山蛇绿岩套"划分为三个不同组分、不同成因的岩系:以含金刚石和其它幔源矿物的变质橄榄岩系为主,包括堆晶杂岩在内的镁铁-超镁铁岩系;含放射虫硅质岩夹层的玄武岩系;上覆的火山-沉积岩系。根据地质学与年代学证据,可以认为蛇绿岩形成于晚泥盆-早石炭世。在此基础上,本文重点讨论了三个问题:(1)结合不同尺度的构造研究,将含金刚石等幔源矿物的超镁铁岩看作源自地幔转换带的幔源熔-流体,在软流圈底辟体上涌的背景下持续上升,在板块对接的过程中构造侵位的岩石。据此,对现有的蛇绿岩概念提出了补充;同时提出贺根山在板块汇聚过程未发生明显的俯冲和碰撞,而是通过拼贴的方式连为一体的;(2)贺根山具有OIB特征的玄武岩与朝克山MORB的对比,表明不同来源的多地块的存在及板块闭合时间的差异均反映了陆间小洋盆的特征;(3)将上覆在玄武岩系之上的火山沉积岩系看作洋盆最后充填的产物,反映了古亚洲洋闭合过程中小洋盆直接从洋壳转化为陆壳的过程,最后从时空角度进一步讨论了小洋盆闭合的特征。

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩中铬铁矿特征及大地构造环境

为探讨内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩形成的物化条件和大地构造环境,选取贺根山未蚀变豆荚状铬铁矿进行矿物学和矿物地球化学分析。结果表明,铬铁矿成分均一,不发育环带结构;铬铁矿中的Cr2O3含量为36.12%~43.77%,Al2O3为22.81%~30.14%,TFeO为12.63%~17.56%,Cr^#为46~56,Mg^#为68~78,Yfe为4~7,Fe^2＋#为22~36,为富铝型铬铁矿,其寄主岩石属于蛇绿岩。铬铁矿结晶温度均为1395℃,结晶压力平均为3.3 GPa,推断其形成深度约为103 km;相对于FMQ缓冲剂的地幔氧逸度为FMQ＋1.03~FMQ＋1.83 lg单位,均值为FMQ＋1.59 lg单位;地幔熔融程度F为20.63%~21.50%,均值为20.93%。推测贺根山铬铁矿原岩橄榄岩单元源区为石榴石二辉橄榄岩,形成于亏损地幔,可能产自俯冲带环境中的洋内弧后盆地环境。

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩中玄武岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

贺根山蛇绿岩(套)中发育有气孔杏仁状玄武岩,为蛇绿岩套的组成部分。通过对其锆石U-Pb测年,其加权平均年龄为395.9Ma±3.0Ma,结合区域地质背景,认为贺根山蛇绿岩(套)形成时代为中泥盆世—早石炭世。玄武岩为亚碱性系列,具有LREE亏损、类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时具备大洋玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩特征,认为贺根山蛇绿岩(套)应形成于弧后盆地;通过与现代典型Mariana洋内弧后盆地和Okinawa陆缘弧后盆地的玄武岩以及同属中亚造山带的新疆库尔提洋内弧后盆地蛇绿岩对比,发现贺根山玄武岩同Mariana玄武岩和库尔提蛇绿岩更加类似,由此认为贺根山蛇绿岩(套)很可能形成于洋内弧后盆地环境,而非大陆边缘弧后盆地环境。

内蒙古崇根山蛇绿岩中铬铁矿特征及其构造意义

为探讨内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩形成时的物化条件和大地构造环境,选取崇根山蛇绿岩块中未蚀变副矿物铬铁矿进行矿物学和矿物地球化学分析。结果表明:铬铁矿成分均一,不发育环带结构;铬铁矿中的Cr2O3质量分数为38.86%~39.12%,Al2O3质量分数为26.56%~26.92%,TFeO质量分数为17.37%~17.50%,Cr#为49.34~49.58,Mg#为68.82~69.73,Yfe为6.62~6.97,Fe2+#为30.27~31.18,为富镁铝铬铁矿,其寄主岩石为蛇绿岩;铬铁矿结晶平均温度为1 396.88℃,平均压力为3.35 GPa,推断其形成深度约为103.72 km;相对于FMQ(fayalite magnetite quartz)缓冲剂的地幔氧逸度为FMQ+1.41~FMQ+1.45 lg单位(平均值为FMQ+1.43 lg单位);地幔熔融程度为20.93%~20.95%(平均值为20.94%)。推测崇根山铬铁矿原岩橄榄岩单元源区为石榴石二辉橄榄岩,形成于亏损地幔。崇根山蛇绿岩为消减带型蛇绿岩,可能产自俯冲带环境中的洋内弧后盆地环境。

内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部恩格日音棚地区早石炭世火山岩的发现及其构造意义

在内蒙古苏尼特左旗恩格日音棚地区新发现一套英安岩、流纹岩及对应的火山碎屑岩组合,测得英安岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为333.0±1.4Ma,为早石炭世中期,代表宝力高庙组火山岩的初始喷发年龄。其中多数样品具钙碱性系列特征,在TAS图解中,分别落入流纹岩区和粗面岩-英安岩区;所有样品具相似的微量、稀土元素特征,稀土元素总量中等(∑ REE=110.6×10^-6~273.3×10^-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=2.39~5.31),具较弱的负Eu异常(δEu= 0.48~0.65)。微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th,亏损高场强元素P、Ti、Nb、Ta为特征,显示岩浆来源为地壳物质的部分熔融,形成于俯冲构造环境。通过区域对比,早石炭世火山岩与贺根山蛇绿岩带北侧二连东乌旗一带的早石炭世二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等共同构成了早石炭世与板块俯冲有关的岩浆弧。早石炭世贺根山洋盆开始向北俯冲进入消减阶段。