Mineralogy,distribution,occurrence and removability of trace elements during the coal preparation of No.6 coal from Heidaigou mine

Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry(SEM–EDX)were used to study the minerals and the concentrations of 33 trace elements in No.6 coal from Heidaigou mine.The distributions,organic affinity and removability of 18 trace elements were studied by float-sink experiments.A determination of the maceral groups was also undertaken.A high mineral content,dominated by kaolinite,was found in No.6 coal from Heidaigou mine.The bauxite content was relatively high and it was mainly present as individual particles in fusinite lumens or was intimately intergrown with carbonate minerals.The pyrite and quartz contents were low.Some marcasite with a parallel twin structure was observed by cross-polar reflected light.A small amount of bean-like goyazite was present in the calcite.The weighted trace element content in Heidaigou formations is relatively low,which is beneficial for coal processing and utilization.The concentrations of Ga,Hg,Pb,Se,Th,Ta are relatively high compared with the average values of Chinese coals.As,Hg,Mo,Ge,Ga,Ta,Ti,W,Mn are mainly present in minerals while B,Be,Th,P,Sc,Sr,V,Y,Yb are mainly found in organic matter.As,Ge,Hg,Mo are mainly present in sulfides and Be,Th,P,Sc,Sr,Y,Yb are mainly present in inertinite.B and V are mainly present in vitrinite.The high organic affinity and the low theoretical removability of most trace elements cause difficulties in removing them during coal preparation.

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.

Thermal recovery process of a backfilled open-pit in permafrost area at the Gulian strip coal mine in Northeast China

Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.

Stability analysis of rib pillars in highwall mining under dynamic and static loads in open‑pit coal mine

The retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques.However,the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static loads of the overlying strata is not clear,which restricts the safe and efcient application of highwall mining.In this study,the load-bearing model of the rib pillar in highwall mining was established,the cusp catastrophe theory and the safety coefcient of the rib pillar were considered,and the criterion equations of the rib pillar stability were proposed.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,the limit stress of the rib pillar was analyzed,and the calculation equations of plastic zone width of the rib pillar in highwall mining were obtained.Based on the Winkler foundation beam theory,the elastic foundation beam model composed of the rib pillar and roof under the highwall mining was established,and the calculation equations for the compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads were developed.The results showed that with the increase of the rib pillar width,the total compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads decreases nonlinearly,and the compression of the rib pillar caused by static loads of the overlying strata and trucks has a decisive role.Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation were also performed in this study.In the numerical simulation,the coal seam with a buried depth of 122 m and a thickness of 3 m is mined by highwall mining techniques.According to the established rib pillar instability model of the highwall mining system,it is found that when the mining opening width is 3 m,the reasonable width of the rib pillar is at least 1.3 m,and the safety factor of the rib pillar is 1.3.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation,which verifes the feasibility of the theoretical analysis of the rib pillar stability.This research provides a reference for the stability analysis of rib pillars under highwall mining.

保水剂和有机肥配施对露天煤矿排土场土壤持水性的影响

针对露天矿排土场土壤保水蓄水能力差的特征,通过测定3种保水剂抗蒸发能力和配制土壤的含水量,开展保水剂与有机肥配施对土壤持水性能的影响研究.结果表明,保水剂在凝胶状态下对土壤的抗蒸发效果比干燥状态更好,以5‰用量的法国爱森保水剂的抗蒸发效果最好.保水剂和有机肥配合使用能够有效延长土壤的持水时间,配制土壤持水性随着保水剂用量和有机肥用量增加而增加.以法国爱森保水剂和有机肥配施效果最佳,最优配比为法国爱森保水剂3‰+有机肥20%或者法国爱森保水剂5‰+有机肥10%,可使维持该区域约20%田间土壤持水量的保水时间延长1倍以上.该配比可为西北地区露天矿排土场土壤修复提供科学参考.

黑岱沟露天煤矿吊斗铲工艺应用研究

以黑岱沟露天煤矿的基本情况为依据,对吊斗铲倒堆工艺在黑岱沟露天煤矿的应用进行重点分析。结合矿山生产实际,研究并介绍了吊斗铲倒堆工艺的剥采程序、吊斗铲倒堆作业过程中各工艺参数的确定方法。

黑岱沟露天煤矿不同复垦模式效益分析与评价

本研究以黑岱沟露天煤矿为研究对象,通过研究草灌乔结合、草灌、灌木、牧草和农田复垦模式,对不同复垦模式进行了投资效益分析与评价。结果表明:牧草复垦模式投资成本最低,草灌乔复垦模式和欧李复垦模式投资成本较高;对不同复垦模式综合分析对比,不同复垦模式各具特点;综合分析生态效果、投资成本、土地条件要求、生物价值和财务能力,认为牧草复垦模式和欧李复垦模式优势明显,农作物复垦模式劣势明显;考虑到在可利用耕地的作用效果,农作物复垦模式优势明显,直接增加了可利用耕地面积;草灌乔复垦模式提升复垦区生态系统稳定性上效果最佳。因此,各种复垦模式优缺点明显,需要根据实际情况斟酌使用。

黑岱沟露天煤矿6号煤层风化煤分布特征及成因探讨

从黑岱沟露天煤矿风化煤的煤质特征及分布规律着手,分析其形成原因,得出本矿风化煤形成的主要原因是断层及陷落柱,同时分析了风化煤与粘土岩在水平上互相替代的原因。

黑岱沟露天煤矿二采区断陷带抛掷爆破台阶优化研究

针对黑岱沟露天煤矿自一采区转入二采区开采后,煤层赋存情况发生变化的情况,对抛掷爆破实体高台阶进行了优化设计。基于煤层厚度增加,对抛掷爆破高台阶高度进行了优化,得出了不同煤厚情况下的合理台阶高度。由于二采区煤层倾角增大,并存在断陷带影响区域的情况,造成煤层倾角在横向、纵向和局部变化较大,影响钻孔设备作业,基于此对抛掷爆破实体高台阶坡度进行了优化设计。最终得出了既满足现场设备作业能力,也满足现场设备作业要求的抛掷爆破实体高台阶。

不同植被对黑岱沟露天煤矿复垦土壤微生物数量的影响

土壤微生物数量是评价土壤微生物重要的调控功能参数。通过研究不同复垦年限的土壤微生物数量,分析在不同年限下不同植被对土壤微生物数量的影响,探讨不同植被对土壤微生物的作用特点。研究结果表明,灌木混交林为提升露天煤矿土壤质量的最佳手段。

准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土及微量元素的分配规律

对准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量和矿物组成进行了研究。结果表明,黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土元素平均含量为248.12×10-6,约为中国煤平均值的2.83倍。LREE平均含量为236.66×10-6,HREE平均含量为11.46×10-6,LREE/HREE平均值为20.81,(La/Yb)N平均值为1.59,表明煤中LREE相对HREE富集。煤中部分稀土元素可能富集在勃姆石和黏土矿物中。稀土元素分配曲线δCeS变化区间(0.89～2.21)和δEuS中度亏损(0.46～0.86),验证了沉积环境在煤层形成演化过程中对煤中稀土元素输入的稳定性。黑岱沟煤层中微量元素明显偏高的有Ga、Pb、Se、Sr、Th和Zr,这些元素的含量高于中国、中国华北晚古生代和美国煤的算术均值,也高于地壳克拉克值。

黑岱沟露天煤矿煤样气化性能评价

通过对准格尔能源公司黑岱沟露天煤矿煤样进行基本检测、煤质特性分析、煤种加压气化特性实验,与加压固定床气化、航天炉煤气化等先进气化工艺技术进行对比分析,从煤质分析数据、气化实验结果及气化工艺特点可以得出,黑岱沟露天煤矿煤全水含量低、热稳定性好、弱结渣性、反应活性较好、无粘结性、灰熔点ST 1500℃以上,抗碎强度较好,适合于加压固定床气化。

黑岱沟露天煤矿深孔台阶松动爆破参数优化研究

为了降低黑岱沟露天煤矿岩石松动爆破炸药单耗,提高爆破质量,增加露天煤矿经济效益,根据黑岱沟露天煤矿爆破作业实际情况,通过调整炮孔密集系数、降低炮孔超深、连续装药结构替代分段装药结构、相邻炮区钝角衔接替代直角衔接等技术措施,对爆破参数进行调整。通过试验验证调整后的爆破参数的可行性,并通过实践证明优化后的爆破参数使炸药单耗降低17.6%,年均节约炸药成本1000多万元。最终确立了适合黑岱沟矿的深孔台阶松动爆破优化参数。

基于LUCC的露天矿区景观格局研究-以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例

露天矿区开发活动主要是在景观层次上进行,其直接导致土地利用/覆被变化(Land Use/Cover Change,LUCC)。本文以黑岱沟大型露天煤矿1987年、1990年、2000年及2010年4期遥感影像的土地利用数据为基础,基于GIS空间分析功能,以破碎度、分离度和优势度景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为指标,分析景观格局现状。研究显示:开发初期,耕地和草地虽有所减少,但所占面积保持在80%以上;生态恢复开始后,土地类型向林地和草地转移的面积逐渐增多。景观水平上分析显示,景观上破碎化程度加大,煤矿建设用地斑块面积逐年增大。从景观指数看,耕地、草地、未利用地的破碎度、分离度指数变化呈上升或不稳定状态,建设用地的破碎度和分离度指数有所减小;优势景观类型有所改变,建设用地对于区域景观的控制作用逐渐加强。

国家能源集团准能黑岱沟露天煤矿智能化建设实践与经验

介绍了黑岱沟露天煤矿的基本情况,从通讯集成系统及设施、间断工艺智能系统及装备、其他生产工艺系统、辅助工艺系统及装备、露天矿山智能机器人及智能化选煤厂建设项目等6个方面阐述了黑岱沟露天煤矿智能化建设的具体实践及其成果。从强化组织领导,精细管理,加快项目落地,人才队伍建设,发挥无人驾驶示范引领效应等方面对智能化建设经验进行了归纳总结。同时指出,电铲远程遥控技术问题、无人驾驶卡车改造问题及智能化建设人才培养问题是日后要解决的难点。

黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究

本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析 ,应用景观生态学原理 ,规划建设了以观赏为主的果园景观生态建设。通过对所栽植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究 ,筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、 12 3苹果、山桃等果树品种 ,以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰等乔灌木品种 ,完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作 。

黑岱沟煤矿及哈尔乌素煤矿煤质特征研究

根据煤气化、煤直接液化、热解分质利用等不同转化工艺对原料煤的煤质要求,开展黑岱沟煤矿和哈尔乌素煤矿煤质特征的研究及其与转化工艺的适配性调研,可最大限度地提高矿山煤炭资源利用率与经济效益。通过对黑岱沟及哈尔乌素露天煤矿的地勘数据整理与煤层样品实测数据研究,结合开采方式和洗选工艺,采集代表性样品对比分析2个露天矿不同台阶煤层样的煤质特征。研究表明:哈尔乌素及黑岱沟露天煤矿的煤质均较好,属低硫、低磷、高灰熔融性、高挥发分和洗选后发热量较高的长焰煤;2个煤矿煤层煤的灰分较高,可通过洗选方式降低煤中灰分及有害元素含量;其煤灰成分主要以二氧化硅和三氧化二铝为主,煤灰熔融性温度较高,可作为液态排渣气化等用煤;利用周边侏罗纪煤配煤或添加助熔剂,可改善其煤灰黏温曲线。

Web pillar stability in open‑pit highwall mining

When highwall mining technology is applied to recover large amounts of residual coal left under the highwall of a big openpit mine,a reasonable coal pillar width is required to ensure the stability of the web pillars.Using numerical simulations,this paper studied the characteristics of the abutment stress distribution in the web pillars under different slope angles and mining depths,and established a relation describing the stress distribution in the web pillar.The relationship between the abutment stress and the ultimate strength of the web pillar under different pillar widths was also analyzed.In combination with the failure characteristics of the pillar yield zone,this relationship was used to explore the instability mechanism of web pillars.Finally,the optimal retaining widths of the web pillars were determined.Based on the modeling results,a mechanical bearing model of the web pillar was established and a cusp catastrophe model of pillar-overburden was constructed.Additionally,the web pillar instability criterion was derived.By analyzing the ultimate strength of the web pillars,a formula for calculating the yield zone width either side of the pillars was established.Using the instability criterion of web pillars in highwall mining,a reasonable pillar width can be deduced theoretically,providing significant guidance on the application of highwall mining technology.

黑岱沟露天煤矿8750-65型迈步式吊斗铲智能化监测

通过安装和运用数据分析软件、轴承振动监测系统、自动灭火系统多种智能化监测手段和措施,建立黑岱沟露天煤矿8750-65型吊斗铲设备预测性维修分析系统,利用大数据分析结果实时指导吊斗铲维护工作。结果表明:智能化监测手段的应用,为吊斗铲日常维护和检修工作带来便利的同时,极大提高了设备的使用效率。

黑岱沟露天煤矿项目后评价研究

本文对黑岱沟露天煤矿项目进行了后评价的研究,结果表明:项目影响区生产总值为增长迅速,项目影响区的产业结构也发生了较大的变化,工业所占的比重在2000年到2007年之间增长迅速。项目影响范围内的不同类型区在不同年份中的受影响面积和输沙量都有不同程度的变化。随着开采时间的延长,露天煤矿开采区的影响面积逐渐增大,但是输沙量降低,风蚀量也是在逐渐减小,沙漠化面积以及风蚀量显著增加。当植被盖度增高时,土壤侵蚀量明显减少。