土壤特性对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)发生的影响及发生程度分区

统计分析表明 ,土壤的多种理化性质与棉铃虫的发生程度间存在着密切的关系 ,其中起主要作用的是土壤容重、砂粒含量和粘粒含量 3个因子 ,其直接通径系数依次为 -0 .652 1、0 .673 5和 0 .3 4 56。这些因子使土壤表现出不同的粘性 ,决定了土壤的透气性、持水量和板结程度等 ,从而影响到棉铃虫幼虫入土后蛹的存活率。用上述 3个因子进行聚类分析 ,可将通州市划分为 3个棉铃虫发生区 ,各区域在测报和防治上应进行区别对待。

棉田与玉米田棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)种群动态特征的比较

1998年在江苏丰县系统调查了棉田和玉米田中第三、四代棉铃虫的种群动态 ,用生命表方法比较了两种寄主田内棉铃虫种群的发育速率和存活率。结果表明 ,棉铃虫卵峰期至 4龄幼虫高峰期的历期在玉米田要比棉田快 4 d,并以产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期的发育最快。两类寄主田内平均存活率无显著差异 ,但产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期时 ,其卵至 6龄幼虫的存活率比产在其它阶段玉米上的存活率高。在江苏棉区目前的作物布局和耕作制度下 ,玉米田第三代棉铃虫是棉田第四代棉铃虫的重要虫源。

河北省棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)种群数量的气象综合预报方法的研究

为了客观地反映棉铃虫种群数量变化与气候背景的关系规律 ,创建了棉铃虫气象多时段综合因子的因子组建方法 ;建立了贡献度权重修正的气象距离指标方法和模型 ;匹配以传统的多元回归模型 ,进行棉铃虫种群数量的气象监测和预报 ;将其自身生物潜能和气象条件影响相结合 ,建立了棉铃虫灾害的生物气象定量综合预报模型。在棉铃虫发生的气象条件评价和发生程度预测预报应用中 ,趋势准确率达到 93 %。

Structure,Binding Characteristics,and 3D Model Prediction of a Newly Identified Odorant-Binding Protein from the Cotton Bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The full-length sequence of the odorant binding protein 5 gene,HarmOBP5,was obtained from an antennae cDNA library of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera （Hübner）.The cDNA contains a 444 bp open reading frame,encoding a protein with 147 amino acids,namely HarmOBP5.HarmOBP5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the purified protein can be used for further investigation of its binding characteristics.Competitive binding assays with 113 odorant chemicals indicated that HarmOBP5 has strong affinity to some special plant volatiles,including （E）-β-farnesene,ethyl butyrate,ethyl heptanoate,and acetic acid 2-methylbutyl ester.Based on three-dimensional （3D） model of AaegOBP1 from Aedes aegypti,a 3D model of HarmOBP5 was predicted.The model revealed that some key binding residues in HarmOBP5 may play important roles in odorant perception of H.armigera.This study provides clues for better understanding physiological functions of OBPs in H.armigera and other insects.

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Responses to Caffeine of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae and H. assulta Larvae

The dual-choices tests of behavioral test were used to study the gustatory behavioral responses to caffeine of Helicoverpa armigera larvae and H. assulta larvae. Electrophysiological responses were studied by electrophysiological tip recording. Behavioral experiments showed that caffeine was a feeding deterrent for both larvae, but it showed a stronger feeding deterring effect on the oligophagous H. assulta . The electrophysiological tip-recording results showed that both H. armigera larvae and H. assulta larvae had one caffeine-sensitive feeding deterrent neuron at the medial sensilla, and the electrophysiological pulse response of H. assulta larvae was significantly stronger than that of H. armigera larvae. Therefore, caffeine had a stronger feeding deterring effect on the oligophagous H. assulta than the polyphagous H. armigera . The difference in behavioral effect was closely related to the sensitivity of to caffeine the feeding deterrent neurons at the medial sensilla.

V-ATPase H表达量下调增强棉铃虫对Cry1Ac的抗性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是世界性重要农业害虫。目前防治棉铃虫的主要手段是种植转苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)杀虫蛋白的转基因作物。本文旨在研究棉铃虫V-ATPase H在Cry1Ac蛋白毒力和抗性中的作用。利用实时荧光定量qRT-PCR技术分析V-ATPase H在Cry1Ac抗、感品系棉铃虫幼虫中肠及敏感品系棉铃虫幼虫受Cry1Ac诱导后的表达情况;在昆虫Sf9细胞中过表达V-ATPase H对其进行细胞定位,通过细胞毒力试验验证其对Cry1Ac毒力的影响。结果发现棉铃虫V-ATPase H基因在抗性品系中低表达,并且V-ATPase H在受到Cry1Ac诱导时也低表达;在Sf9细胞内表达V-ATPase H蛋白发现其在整个细胞中都有分布,过表达该蛋白后增强了细胞对Cry1Ac蛋白的敏感性。结果表明V-ATPase H参与Cry1Ac蛋白的毒力。

2种环境友好药剂对烟田棉铃虫室内毒力与田间防效

为有效防治烟田棉铃虫,采用浸叶饲喂法测定多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等安全性药剂对棉铃虫的室内毒力,并通过田间药效试验明确了其对棉铃虫的田间防治效果。室内毒力结果表明,多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对棉铃虫具有较高的室内毒力,药后48 h的LC_(50)分别为2.213、0.022 mg/L。田间防效结果表明,多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的田间应用速效性均相对较低,持效性相对较高;10%多杀霉素SC制剂量300~375 mL/hm^(2)处理药后7 d更正防效为91.69%~87.51%,0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC制剂量1500~1875 mL/hm^(2)处理药后7 d更正防效为89.57%~88.67%,两者均能较好地控制烟田棉铃虫的危害。

农田杂草地黄对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

为探索利用植物资源防治靶标害虫,选用农田常见杂草地黄处理棉田主要害虫棉铃虫,利用饲料与地黄根或叶干粉混拌法,调查棉铃虫发育历期、死亡率和虫重,研究对其影响。结果表明:随着饲料中地黄根或叶粉末含量的升高,棉铃虫的死亡率升高、发育历期延长、虫重减轻。取食地黄根混拌饲料的棉铃虫2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄和6龄幼虫的死亡率,分别比对照组升高3.25%~5.82%、22.92%~35.42%、4.10%~9.69%、41.22%~65.58%和12.65%~67.67%;1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄和5龄的棉铃虫幼虫发育历期分别比对照延缓0.00~2.50、1.00~2.25、1.00~6.25、0.00~1.75、0.50~1.50 d,幼虫发育至6龄时,生长发育缓慢且无法正常完成生活史;3龄、4龄、5龄和6龄棉铃虫幼虫虫重分别比对照降低43.79~130.18、152.56~255.47、127.27~327.91和41.75~177.22 mg。另外,取食地黄叶混拌饲料的棉铃虫1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄和6龄幼虫的死亡率,分别比对照组升高5.75%~11.46%、3.09%~11.67%、42.71%~66.27%、16.29%~83.33%、21.67%~100.00%和5.17%~42.67%;1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄和5龄的棉铃虫幼虫发育历期分别比对照延缓1.00~2.00、0.00~4.00、0.00~4.00、0.00~0.50和1.50~4.00 d,6龄幼虫无法正常完成生活史;3龄、4龄、5龄和6龄棉铃虫幼虫虫重分别比对照降低47.11~134.18、170.76~259.19、141.51~317.33和78.24~334.93 mg。通过研究地黄对棉铃虫生长发育、死亡率和虫重的影响,结果表明其对棉铃虫有一定的抑制作用,可为有效利用农田杂草资源开发植物源杀虫剂奠定理论基础。

Genetic differentiation of Helicoverpa armigera （Hübner） and H. assulta （Guenée） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） based on AFLP markers

Here we use amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） to assess genetic differentiation of Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta. The results indicated that both species-specific fingerprints and cluster analysis showed the ability of AFLP technique to discriminate the two sibling species; among a total 1963 AFLP markers amplified from nine primer combinations： 777 （39.6%） were H. armigera-specific, 602 （30.7%） were H. assulta- specific, and 584 （29.7%） were common bands. The mean number ofH. armigera-specific bands was significantly more than that of H. assulta-specific bands for nine primer combinations （P 〈 0.05）; the intraspecific distance of H. armigera and H. assulta was 0.123 0 and 0.110 7 respectively, and the interspecific distance was 0.178 3. In addition, the percentage of polymorphic loci and estimated average heterozygosity were used to estimate genetic diversity of the two species. This study therefore demonstrates that AFLP analysis is a sensitive and reliable technique to study genetic differentiation and genetic relationships between species and provides sufficient molecular markers for future linkage map conslruction, location and eventual cloning of genes involved in traits differentiation.

Interspecific hybridization of Helicoverpa armigera and H.assulta (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

Reciprocal hybridization between Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and H. assulta Guenee followed by back-crossing of the hybrids (F1) with H. armigera produced backcross (BC) lines consisting of fertile females and males. The F1 of H. armigera female and H. assulta male had only male, no female sex. In this case Haldane’s rule applies, and therefore it is proved that the sex chromosomes of Helicoverpa species are of ZW type, and the female is the heterozygous sex. This hybrid also showed significant het-erosis with the heaviest pupal weight, and when it was back-crossed with H. armigera female, the sex ratio of the BC offspring was distorted as 1 : 4. The potential utilization of this hybrid in genetic controlling H. armigera was finally discussed.

Comparative study on the responses of maxillary sensilla styloconica of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and Oriental tobacco budworm H. assulta larvae to phytochemicals

Using the electro-physiological technique, the sensory mechanisms of maxillary sensilla styloconica to stimulants and deterrents were explored on two closely related species, the generalist Helicoverpa armigera and the specialist H. assulta. The results showed that: (i) in both species, cells sensitive to sucrose and azadirachtin were mainly in the lateral sensillum styloconicum, and those to inositol were in the medial sensillum styloconicum; (ii) sensitivity of medial sensillum styloconicum in H. assulta to inositol was higher than that in H. armigera; (iii) among 6 tested deterrents, only azadirachtin evoked high impulse discharge from the lateral sensillum styloconicum in both insects; (iv) the deterrents could disturb stimulants evoking impulse discharge from maxillary sensilla styloconica of both species in different degrees: To sucrose evoking impulses on lateral sensillum styloconicum, for H. armigera capsaicin had a strong inhibition and gossypol had a weak inhibition, while for H. assulta tannic acid, gossypol, and tomatine all had strong inhibition except nicotine and capsaicin; to inositol evoking impulses on medial sensilum styloconicum, for H. armigera inhibition of tomatine was strong but that of gossypol was weak; and for H. assulta inhibition of gossypol was strong but that of nicotine was weak.

菜缢管蚜、棉铃虫对杀虫混剂及其单剂的抗性遗传力分析

采用阈性状分析法，估算了菜缢管蚜Ｌｉｐａｐｈｉｓｅｒｙｓｉｍｉ（Ｋａｌｔｅｎｂａｃｈ）和棉铃虫Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）对菊马混剂及其单剂、棉铃虫对灭铃威混剂及其单剂的抗性现实遗传力，并对抗性风险和混剂延缓抗性的作用进行了评估。结果表明，菜缢管蚜和棉铃虫对混剂的现实抗性遗传力均明显小于各单剂，依次为：拟除虫菊酯＞氨基甲酸酯＞有机磷＞混剂。混剂的使用寿命大于组成其各个单剂的使用寿命之和，抗性风险依次为：拟除虫菊脂＞氨基甲酸酯＞有机磷＞混剂。菊马混剂对菜缢管蚜和棉铃虫，灭铃威混剂对棉铃虫均有延缓抗性发展的作用。灭铃威对棉铃虫抗性发展的延缓作用最显著。

棉铃虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性分布和发育期变化及植物次生物质的诱导作用

对棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）发育期活性进 行了跟踪测定。从卵期开始，GSTs活性呈上升趋势，6龄幼虫达到最高，然后逐渐下降，但 化蛹初期仍维持较高水平；用培养基混药法研究发现，芸香苷和2-十三烷酮诱导种群5龄时 活性即达到峰值。6龄幼虫脂肪体GSTs活性最高，中肠次之，头部和表皮最低。用1-氯-2, 4-二硝基苯（CDNB）作底物时，中肠GSTs的 K m值最小。5龄幼虫中肠匀浆液中，GSTs活 性90%以上集中在细胞液层，在微粒体、线粒体和细胞碎片层的分布均不超过5%；芸香苷诱 导种群3龄幼虫微粒体层GSTs活性分布明显比对照种群减少，而上清液层则比对照种群 有所增高。

寄主植物对棉铃虫越冬蛹抗寒能力的影响

通过对滞育蛹过冷却点的测定 ,初步明确寄主对棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera的越冬抗寒性有影响 ,幼虫取食棉花时产生的滞育蛹的过冷却点低于取食玉米的滞育蛹的过冷却点 ,即前者的抗寒能力高于后者 ;

棉铃虫对转Bt基因棉的抗性筛选及遗传方式的研究

通过室内筛选获得了棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera (H櫣ｂｎｅｒ)对转Bt基因棉的抗性种群 ,并在此基础上进行了抗性遗传方式的研究。试验结果表明 :经 16代筛选 ,棉铃虫对转Bt基因棉的抗性倍数上升到 43 3倍。筛选过程中 ,棉铃虫 7日龄幼虫的体重和成虫羽化率变化明显 ,被选为确定筛选剂量的标准。敏感与抗性棉铃虫杂交 ,正交、反交的显性度都小于 0、杂交过程中雌雄性比基本接近 1∶1、假设抗性基因为单基因时的χ2 值较低 ,因此 。

棉铃虫羧酸酯酶基因cDNA的克隆、表达及活性分析

【目的】克隆棉铃虫中肠羧酸酯酶基因,了解该酶的分子特性,为研究棉铃虫抗药性机理奠定基础。【方法】制备抗血清,对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner))中肠cDNA表达文库进行免疫筛选,得到编码棉铃虫羧酸酯酶基因的cDNA克隆,利用生物信息学软件和网站进行序列分析,构建原核表达载体进行表达,并以α-醋酸萘酯溶液为底物进行活性测定。【结果】测序分析表明,羧酸酯酶基因hc3(GenBank登录号:GU119888)全长2 896 bp,编码795个氨基酸。羧酸酯酶HC3的等电点pI为3.94,活性中心包括3个氨基酸残基(催化三联体):Ser204,Glu331,His444;第545—773位包含大量高度重复的Gly,Asp、Glu(GDE区域)构成亲水区。该基因在大肠杆菌BL21中成功表达约100 kD的HC3蛋白,检测表达的羧酸酯酶活性为0.32 mmol/100μL酶液。【结论】成功克隆、表达了棉铃虫羧酸酯酶蛋白HC3,并发现GDE亲水结构域。为进一步了解羧酸酯酶的三维结构及其水解作用并设计新型杀虫剂提供了可能。

棉铃虫对辛硫磷抗性的选育、交互抗性及增效剂增效作用研究

1 991年采自河南偃师棉田的棉铃虫种群(简称 YS种群 )与敏感品系相比有 2 .7倍的抗性。该种群在室内经功夫菊酯 +辛硫磷 (1∶ 2 5 )筛选了 2 7代后 ,对辛硫磷的抗性达到 9.4倍 ,再单用辛硫磷对该种群筛选 2 1代 ,获得 6 3 .0倍的抗性。交互抗性测定结果表明 ,棉铃虫对辛硫磷产生高水平抗性后对灭多威具有比较明显的交互抗性 ,对久效磷具有一定程度交互抗性 ,对甲基对硫磷和丙溴磷只有较低水平的交互抗性。 3种增效剂 TPP、DEF和 PBO对辛硫磷的增效比分别为1 .4、2 4 .8和 1 .0 ,DEF的增效作用明显 ,使辛硫磷的抗性由 6 3倍降至 2 .5倍 ,初步证明酯酶是引起棉铃虫对辛硫磷产生抗性的重要原因。

基于正弦函数拟合估算新疆棉铃虫及棉蚜的发生代数

以每年的1月1日起为日度计算起始日,以棉铃虫、棉蚜的物候学发育起点温度和发育上限温度为基准,利用单sine函数方法和日期预测法估算出新疆棉铃虫和棉蚜的发生代数.结果表明：棉铃虫和棉蚜在新疆分别可以发育完成3～4代和25～35代,地区之间的温度差异决定了棉铃虫和棉蚜在新疆不同地区发育代数不同.

棉铃虫入土化蛹的生物学习性

室内模拟试验表明 ,棉铃虫蛹道形状为“U”型 ,蛹室一般距土表 3～ 5cm ;入土孔道和羽化出土孔道不同 ,羽化出土孔道在筑蛹室之前已事先做好 ,且孔道上端距土表 0 5～ 1 0cm。棉铃虫入土第 3天处于预蛹和蛹初期 ,入土第 10天为羽化前期 ;入土第 12天时 ,已有部分成虫羽化出土 。

棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯等杀虫剂抗性的选育及其生化机理

从用药水平低的棉田采集棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera（Hubner），在室内恒温条件下以人工饲料饲养，用氰戊菊酯等4种杀虫剂和1种混合剂经点滴法分别逐代处理棉铃虫幼虫，以选育其抗药性。用氰戊菊酯选择15代，抗性达311倍；而用灭多威、甲基对硫磷和辛硫磷分别选择13代、14代及13代，抗性仅分别达10．8倍、3．5倍及5．2倍，抗性发展较慢；甲基对硫磷与辛硫磷的混合剂选择12代，抗性也只有4．8倍。氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氟菊酯间存在明显的交互抗性。用生测法测定酶抑制剂和生化法测定酶活性的结果表明，棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性主要与幼虫体内多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的活性提高有关。