Land-use legacies affect the composition and distribution of tree species and their belowground functions in a succession from old-field to mature temperate forest

Forests undergoing ecological succession following abandonment from agricultural use(i.e.,old fields)are ubiquitous in temperate regions of the U.S.and Europe.Ecological succession in old fields involves changes in vegetation composition influenced by factors such as land-use history,soil conditions,and dispersal limitations.Species’behavioral,morphological,physiological and life-history attributes influence the outcomes of environmental and biotic filters on distribution and abundance.However,many studies have focused on aboveground attributes,while less attention has been placed on belowground species characteristics that influence community assembly and function.In this study,we used a trait-based approach to examine how aboveground plant composition and distribution vary with plant root functional traits(e.g.,mycorrhizal association)that mediate access for nutrients such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P).We inventoried every tree stem(n=11,551)in a 10-ha forested area containing old-field and historical forests and matched every species with root functional traits(n=33)from established databases.We found that land-use history influences community composition and distribution in old-field forests,which also varied with belowground root functional traits.Community composition in old-field forests,which were dominated by Acer saccharum and non-native species,were largely associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)and higher root nutrient concentrations.On the other hand,community composition in historical forests–largely dominated by Tsuga canadensis–were associated with ectomycorrhiza(EcM)and more variation of root length and depth.These results suggest that changes in aboveground communities have implications for belowground ecosystem services(e.g.,nutrient cycling)which are important to forest ecosystem development.Trait-based approaches can elucidate mechanisms of community assembly,and understanding how traits influence species coexistence and interactions can inform management decisions related to biodiversity conservation and restoration efforts in disturbed or altered forests.

Improving the Quality of Public Space in Old Residential Areas Based on Superposition and Intervention:A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

With the development of cities,China has entered an era of stock planning.The functions of old residential areas in urban development can no longer meet the needs of residents in the new era for a better life,and new standards have been put forward for the quality of public spaces for living.This paper analyzes and sorts out the characteristics and problems of the public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou district.Combining superposition and intervention techniques,the spatial,historical,cultural and other characteristic elements of the residential areas are preserved to the greatest extent.The public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou District is updated and reconstructed in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of its public space.

Renewal Needs and Solutions for Urban Old Communities under the Guidance of Resilient Security

The renewal strategy guided by resilient security aims to enhance the community’s resistance and resilience to natural disasters and other emergency situations,ensuring that the community can quickly restore normal functions in the face of shocks.By enhancing the resilience of the community,residents’sense of security and satisfaction can be improved,while promoting the long-term stability and prosperity of the city.Using methods such as literature review,case analysis,and demand investigation,this paper investigates the needs and strategies for the renewal of urban old communities,and explores the demand analysis and solutions for the renewal of urban old communities under the guidance of resilient security.This paper aims to address the lack of resilience in old communities caused by outdated construction,aging infrastructure,and insufficient public services,as well as how to improve the adaptability,resilience,and transformation ability of communities through renovation and transformation.

Public Space Renewal Strategies in Old Communities Based on Collective Memory Theory:A Case Study of Baihuazhou Area in Nanchang City

Under the framework of high-quality development and strategic stock planning,the revitalization of public spaces within old communities should extend beyond mere enhancements to the physical environment.It is imperative to engage with the historical context of these communities to preserve the collective memory of residents,thereby fostering a stronger sense of identity and belonging among them.This study utilizes the theory of collective memory to examine the challenges associated with the development of public spaces in old communities,specifically focusing on the Nanchang Baihuazhou area as a case study.Through an analysis of the three dimensions of spatial function,living activities,and cultural value,this study seeks to construct and perpetuate collective memory while reshaping public spaces within the community.Our objective is to invigorate the residents of the old community and to enhance the cultural connotation of the area.

Study and Practice on the Sponge City Construction Based on the Old Industrial Bases:Sponge City Construction in Xuzhou City

The old industrial base city is in the important strategic period of old industrial bases revitalization,resource-exhausted city transformation and development,and the construction of sponge city which can absorb,penetrate,conserve,and purify is imperative.Based on the experimental sponge city of Xuzhou,this paper analyzes the problems of the old industrial base city.Combined with the existing work foundation,the objectives and guiding principles of Xuzhou sponge city construction are proposed.And the four ways are implemented to improve the status quo of the old industrial base,to effectively carry out the sponge city construction characterized by the old industrial bases.

Research on the Index System of Old Neighborhood Renovation Based on Green Building Evaluation Standard

With the advancement of the transformation,the contradiction between the residents’demand for a better living environment and the convenience of living in the settlements comes to the fore.Effective identification,organic integration,timely adoption,and correct decision-making for the transformation of old neighborhoods are pressing issues in the transformation of old neighborhoods.Therefore,this paper takes the green building evaluation standards of various countries as the research basis and support for the construction of the transformation strategy of old neighborhoods.Through the collection and comparative analysis of the indicators of green building evaluation standards,the index system of transformation is formed,and it also provides a certain foundation for the subsequent related research.

Ascorbic acid synthesis and transportation capacity in old laying hens and the effects of dietary supplementation with ascorbic acid

Background: Laying hens over 75 weeks of age commonly show great declines in immunity and production performance.It is unclear whether these declines can be relieved by supplementing with ascorbic acid(AA) in feed.Two trials were conducted to investigate the synthesis and metabolism of AA in layers of different ages and the effects of dietary supplemental AA on the performance and the immune and antioxidant statuses of 78 weeks old hens.Methods: In Exp.1,equal numbers(24 hens) of 35 weeks old(Young) and 75 weeks old(Old) layers were fed the same diet without AA supplementation for 4 weeks.In Exp.2,360 healthy 78 weeks old laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments(basal diet supplemented with 0,0.25,0.5,or 1 g AA/kg diet) in an 8-week feeding trial.Results: The old hens tended to have decreased L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) synthase activity in the kidney and liver than that of the young hens(P = 0.07 and P = 0.05,respectively).Compared with the young hens,the old hens had lower hepatic antioxidant capacity allowing for the lower thioredoxin(TXN),thioredoxin reductase(TXNR) and cytochrome b5 reductase(CYB5 R) gene expression(P < 0.05),whereas increased sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter(SVCT) 1 expression levels in the ileum and kidney and enhanced splenic and hepatic AA concentrations(P < 0.05).Dietary supplementation with AA significantly decreased GLO enzyme activity but increased splenic AA concentration and anti-bovine serum albumin IgG levels(P < 0.05) and tended to increase CD4+T lymphocyte numbers(P = 0.06) in serum.Supplementation of 0.25 g AA/kg diet significantly increased hepatic total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC,P < 0.05) relative to the control group.Conclusions: Laying hens could synthesize AA in both the kidney and the liver,though the GLO enzyme activities were 100 times greater in kidneys than in livers.The old laying hens had greater absorption and reabsorption capacity and higher AA retention in some tissues that did the young hens.Dietary supplementation of AA can improve the health of old layers by enhancing immunity and antioxidant capacity.

Nephroprevention in the oldest old with chronic kidney disease:Special considerations

Nephroprevention strategies are crucial for handling chronic kidney disease(CKD) complications, and slowing its progression. However, these preventative measures should be guided by major geriatrics principles in order to help nephrologists to adequately handle the oldest old with CKD. These geriatric concepts consist of taking into account the relevance of choosing an individualized therapy, handling clinical frailty, and keeping a geriatric perspective which means that a good quality of life is sometimes a more important therapeutic objective inoctogenarians than merely prolonging life. Even though nephroprevention strategies for treating the oldest old with CKD are basically similar to those applied to younger patients such as low sodium and protein diet, optimized hemoglobin levels, blood pressure and metabolic control, the treating physician or care provider must at all times be ready to make fundamental adjustments and tweak patient care paradigms and objectives if and when the initial therapeutic options applied have caused unintended clinical consequences and complications. Additionally, the sarcopenia status should also be evaluated and treated in very old CKD patients.

Application of the Concept of“Endowing the Old with the New”in Urban Renewal

The renewal of ancient cities is an important part of the urban renewal work in China.However,there are few studies on the general historical ancient cities at the county level in China,and there is no guidance on the renewal path.Through the practice of the renewal design project of Suining County,Xuzhou City,it makes an exploratory study on the renewal concept and mode.It first interprets the connotation and implementation path of the renewal concept of“endowing the old with the new”.Based on the texture analysis of the ancient city of Suining,it finally determines the design theme that tracing the historical context of the ancient city.Using the renewal techniques such as“extraction-transformationactivation”,through the renewal strategies such as“building new space,shaping new landscape,inheriting new culture and pregnant with new environment”,it realizes the regeneration of urban historical context and meets the needs of residents'modern life,so as to provide reference and guidance for the renovation of general historical ancient cities at the county level in China.

Effect of trimetazidine on exercise capacity of the patients with old myocardial infarction during recovery period

Objective To investigate the effect of trimeta zidine(TMZ )on ex ercise capacity of the patients with old myocardial infarction during recovery p eriod.Method28patients were administered hitra les,blockers and antipemic ag ents.30patients were administered TMZ 20mg tid.After 12weeks ,we compar ed ni trite expenditures,time to onset of angina after exercise,the time to 1 mm ST segment depression after exercise and rate pressure product.Result Nitrit e expenditures per week were s ignificantly reduced than before tr eatment and c omprehensive group(P <0.001).The rate pressure product of TMZ did n’ t change significantly(P >0.05).Conclusion TMZ may increase exercise capac ity of patients with old myocardial infa rction.

THE OLD BARKOR STREET TAKES ON A NEW LOOK——An Interview with Che Tsala on the Renovation of the Old District in Lhasa

In August,Lhasa is full of tourists from different parts of the country and from all over the world...but no matter where they come from or whatever they are looking for in the city,without exception they all will visit the famous Barkor Street.These days,the Barkor Street looks different from how it did in the past.As you walk along its well-swept slate pavement,you will find the street much wider and tidier.After a

Growing Old with Dignity: Care for the Growing Elderly Population

Gong Shihai, a 73-year-old peasant, had never dreamed that he was married for the first time in his life at atownship senior citizens home, 40 kilo- meters southeast of Wuhan, capital of central China＇s Hubei Province.

Listen to Wise Old Man The Archetype of Nick Caraway in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby has been one of the most discussed topics,researchers has explored it from various aspects.In the researches,Nick Carraway was mainly seen as a narrator,and the research are mostly focus on the shift of his narrative prospective.Few people noticed that he was totally fit into the definition of the " wise old man".This paper tries to put an eye on the archetype of the hero Nick Carraway,whose figure is thought as in the archetype of the " wise old man".

The Early Love Poetry of W.B. Yeats——When You Are Old

When you are old is one of the most famous love poetry written by Irish Poet, William Butler Yeats. The paper elaborates deeply on one of the early love poetry of William Butler Yeats: When you are old. It gives an introduction of W.B. Yeats and then discusses Yeats' s early love poetry and his muse as well as her influence in the love poetry; Then the poem When you are old is analyzed and in the meantime the original French version and the Chinese version were provided for readers' literary appreciation.

Effects of urethane on the response properties of visual cortical neurons in young adult and old cats

Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.

God's Love as a Theme through the Whole Old Testament

This paper makes studies on God's love as a theme through the whole Old Testament. First the paper points out the impact of modern science and technology on people's thoughts and opinions about religions, while laying emphasis on the concept"God's love"and then the paper tracks the deep and great love through Old Testament, trying to demonstrate it in all directions.

A Functional Analysis of The old Man and the Sea

The present paper is a stylistic analysis of the novel The Old Man and the Sea from functional perspective.It places context of situation and modified transitivity into stylistic analysis.The paper aims to put functional linguistics into practice and offer a new insight into the novel.It first gives a situational description of the novel and collects the data accordingly,and then analyzes the materiality of the samples in detail.By comparing the four samples,the paper first works out the plot,which is considered congruent with the principle of data collection;and then it discovers double levels of literary themes of the novel——A man may be destroyed but not defeated on one level,and the relationship between human being and non-human being on the highest level.

Ploidy Analysis of Chinese Old Roses and Their Progenies

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the ploidy of Chinese old roses and their progenies. [Method] The ploidy level of 38 roses was examined by the flow cytometry. [Result] The four Chinese old roses that influenced breeding of mod- ern roses were diploid. Since the progenies of these Chinese old roses crossed with the tetraploid European old roses were almost tetraploid, it is probable that the pro- genies were arisen by the unreduced gametes of the Chinese old roses. Other Chi- nese old roses analysed were triploid, it was presumed that triploids and diploids were intermingled in China of the 1700s and the plant hunters preferred the more fertile Chinese old roses to be introduced to Europe. Sixteen hybrids of Chinese old rose originated in China consisted of six diploids, five triploids and five tetraploids. [Conclusion] Although these diploid Chinese roses might be the progeny brought by crossing among only Chinese old roses, it was considered that triploids and tetraploids have been arisen by crossing between European old roses and Chinese old rose.