近年来,基于深度学习的恶意可执行与可链接格式(executable and linkable format,ELF)文件检测研究取得了显著进展。同时,关于模型对抗性攻击的研究也得到了广泛关注,攻击者可以通过生成对抗样本误导神经网络,使恶意软件被错误归类为良...近年来,基于深度学习的恶意可执行与可链接格式(executable and linkable format,ELF)文件检测研究取得了显著进展。同时,关于模型对抗性攻击的研究也得到了广泛关注,攻击者可以通过生成对抗样本误导神经网络,使恶意软件被错误归类为良性软件,从而逃逸检测。尽管已有多种生成对抗样本的方法被提出,但它们通常不适合对ELF文件进行修改,或缺乏在不同检测模型之间迁移的能力。为克服现有方法的局限性,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的恶意ELF文件检测对抗方法,该方法通过构造目标检测模型的最优扰动字节序列,能够在保留ELF文件原有功能的前提下生成对抗样本,而无须依赖目标模型的内部实现细节。实验结果表明,该方法生成的对抗样本针对目标检测模型的逃逸成功率达到76.80%,并能通过对抗训练提升目标检测模型的鲁棒性。展开更多
Introduction: Correct adjustment of dry weight after hemodialysis (HD) with no signs of hypervolemia is important. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during HD. IDH occurs in 15% to 30% an...Introduction: Correct adjustment of dry weight after hemodialysis (HD) with no signs of hypervolemia is important. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during HD. IDH occurs in 15% to 30% and possibly in up to 50% of dialysis sessions. IDH augments mortality essentially due to chronic overhydration and the inability to reach the proper dry weight. On-line hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF) has been reported to reduce the frequency of IDH. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ol-HDF on hemodynamic stability and dry weight adjustment compared with low-flux HD. Methods: IDH-prone HD patients at our center were enrolled. This study was designed as a crossover trial with two phases (A arm: low-flux HD for 8 weeks followed by ol-HDF for 8 weeks vs. B arm: ol-HDF for 8 weeks followed by low-flux HD for 8 weeks) and two treatment arms (ol-HDF vs. low-flux HD), each phase lasting 8 weeks. We measured the proportion of body water using a body composition monitor (BCM). Results: In a comparison of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reductions from the baseline blood pressure between the HD and ol-HDF groups, statistically significant differences were observed only in the SBP of the B arm (SBP: HD vs. HDF, -9.83 ± 6.64 vs. -4.62 ± 1.61 mmHg, p = 0.036;DBP: HD vs. HDF, -3.29 ± 4.05 vs. -1.86 ± 1.49 mmHg, p = 0.261). Neither the mean of the interdialytic body weight gains nor the frequency of IDH was different between the A and B arms (p = 0.817 and p = 0.562, respectively). In terms of dialysis modality, there were no significant differences in the amount of overhydration between the conventional HD and ol-HDF groups during the two study phases, as measured by the BCM (A arm: p = 0.875, B arm: p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our study did not show a better benefit of ol-HDF to reach the dry weight compared with low-flux HD in IDH-prone patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficac...BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficacy prediction model.AIM To determine the effects of paricalcitol combined with hemodiafiltration on bonemetabolism-related indexes in patients with DN and chronic renal failure(CRF),and to construct an efficacy prediction model.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 422 patients with DN and CRF treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022.We selected 94 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients were assigned to a dialysis group(n=45)and a joint group(n=49)in relation to therapeutic regimen.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment.The changes in laboratory indexes after treatment were evaluated,and the two groups were compared for the incidence of adverse reactions.The predictive value of laboratory indexes on the clinical efficacy on patients was analyzed.RESULTS The dialysis group showed a notably worse improvement in clinical efficacy than the joint group(P=0.017).After treatment,the joint group showed notably lower serum levels of serum creatinine,uric acid(UA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)than the dialysis group(P<0.05).After treatment,the joint group had lower serum levels of phosphorus,procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide(PINP)and intact parathyroid hormone than the dialysis group,but a higher calcium level(P<0.001).Both groups had a similar incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05).According to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis,UA,BUN,phosphorus and PINP were related to treatment efficacy.According to further comparison,the non-improvement group had higher risk scores than the improvement group(P<0.0001),and the area under the curve of the risk score in efficacy prediction was 0.945.CONCLUSION For treatment of CRF and DN,combined paricalcitol and hemodiafiltration can deliver higher clinical efficacy and improve the bone metabolism of patients,with good safety.展开更多
We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The ...We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.展开更多
语言态度是一个人对某种语言或方言的情感和看法,而语言意识是关于语言结构、用法和多样性的认知。这两者之间存在密切关系。个体的语言态度往往受到语言意识的塑造,语言意识可以影响一个人对某种语言的喜好或偏见。同时,积极的语言态...语言态度是一个人对某种语言或方言的情感和看法,而语言意识是关于语言结构、用法和多样性的认知。这两者之间存在密切关系。个体的语言态度往往受到语言意识的塑造,语言意识可以影响一个人对某种语言的喜好或偏见。同时,积极的语言态度也有可能促进更深入的语言意识,激励人们更深入地学习和理解语言。因此,语言态度和语言意识相互作用,对于语言学习和社交互动都具有重要影响。本论文旨在通过ELF(English as a Lingua Franca)的视角,探讨大学英语教师语言态度的研究。首先,文献综述部分梳理了国内外关于教师语言意识和多语言意识的研究,以明晰相关概念。接着,本文详细阐述了教师语言意识和多语言意识的概念,以便为后续的研究提供理论支持。其次,本文探讨了合理的教师多语言意识评价手段和评价体系,以了解和培养教师的语言态度。最后,通过分析教师多语言意识与教学实践之间的关系,本文强调了教师多语言意识对于提高英语教育质量的重要性。展开更多
文摘近年来,基于深度学习的恶意可执行与可链接格式(executable and linkable format,ELF)文件检测研究取得了显著进展。同时,关于模型对抗性攻击的研究也得到了广泛关注,攻击者可以通过生成对抗样本误导神经网络,使恶意软件被错误归类为良性软件,从而逃逸检测。尽管已有多种生成对抗样本的方法被提出,但它们通常不适合对ELF文件进行修改,或缺乏在不同检测模型之间迁移的能力。为克服现有方法的局限性,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的恶意ELF文件检测对抗方法,该方法通过构造目标检测模型的最优扰动字节序列,能够在保留ELF文件原有功能的前提下生成对抗样本,而无须依赖目标模型的内部实现细节。实验结果表明,该方法生成的对抗样本针对目标检测模型的逃逸成功率达到76.80%,并能通过对抗训练提升目标检测模型的鲁棒性。
文摘Introduction: Correct adjustment of dry weight after hemodialysis (HD) with no signs of hypervolemia is important. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during HD. IDH occurs in 15% to 30% and possibly in up to 50% of dialysis sessions. IDH augments mortality essentially due to chronic overhydration and the inability to reach the proper dry weight. On-line hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF) has been reported to reduce the frequency of IDH. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ol-HDF on hemodynamic stability and dry weight adjustment compared with low-flux HD. Methods: IDH-prone HD patients at our center were enrolled. This study was designed as a crossover trial with two phases (A arm: low-flux HD for 8 weeks followed by ol-HDF for 8 weeks vs. B arm: ol-HDF for 8 weeks followed by low-flux HD for 8 weeks) and two treatment arms (ol-HDF vs. low-flux HD), each phase lasting 8 weeks. We measured the proportion of body water using a body composition monitor (BCM). Results: In a comparison of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reductions from the baseline blood pressure between the HD and ol-HDF groups, statistically significant differences were observed only in the SBP of the B arm (SBP: HD vs. HDF, -9.83 ± 6.64 vs. -4.62 ± 1.61 mmHg, p = 0.036;DBP: HD vs. HDF, -3.29 ± 4.05 vs. -1.86 ± 1.49 mmHg, p = 0.261). Neither the mean of the interdialytic body weight gains nor the frequency of IDH was different between the A and B arms (p = 0.817 and p = 0.562, respectively). In terms of dialysis modality, there were no significant differences in the amount of overhydration between the conventional HD and ol-HDF groups during the two study phases, as measured by the BCM (A arm: p = 0.875, B arm: p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our study did not show a better benefit of ol-HDF to reach the dry weight compared with low-flux HD in IDH-prone patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficacy prediction model.AIM To determine the effects of paricalcitol combined with hemodiafiltration on bonemetabolism-related indexes in patients with DN and chronic renal failure(CRF),and to construct an efficacy prediction model.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 422 patients with DN and CRF treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022.We selected 94 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients were assigned to a dialysis group(n=45)and a joint group(n=49)in relation to therapeutic regimen.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment.The changes in laboratory indexes after treatment were evaluated,and the two groups were compared for the incidence of adverse reactions.The predictive value of laboratory indexes on the clinical efficacy on patients was analyzed.RESULTS The dialysis group showed a notably worse improvement in clinical efficacy than the joint group(P=0.017).After treatment,the joint group showed notably lower serum levels of serum creatinine,uric acid(UA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)than the dialysis group(P<0.05).After treatment,the joint group had lower serum levels of phosphorus,procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide(PINP)and intact parathyroid hormone than the dialysis group,but a higher calcium level(P<0.001).Both groups had a similar incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05).According to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis,UA,BUN,phosphorus and PINP were related to treatment efficacy.According to further comparison,the non-improvement group had higher risk scores than the improvement group(P<0.0001),and the area under the curve of the risk score in efficacy prediction was 0.945.CONCLUSION For treatment of CRF and DN,combined paricalcitol and hemodiafiltration can deliver higher clinical efficacy and improve the bone metabolism of patients,with good safety.
文摘We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.
文摘语言态度是一个人对某种语言或方言的情感和看法,而语言意识是关于语言结构、用法和多样性的认知。这两者之间存在密切关系。个体的语言态度往往受到语言意识的塑造,语言意识可以影响一个人对某种语言的喜好或偏见。同时,积极的语言态度也有可能促进更深入的语言意识,激励人们更深入地学习和理解语言。因此,语言态度和语言意识相互作用,对于语言学习和社交互动都具有重要影响。本论文旨在通过ELF(English as a Lingua Franca)的视角,探讨大学英语教师语言态度的研究。首先,文献综述部分梳理了国内外关于教师语言意识和多语言意识的研究,以明晰相关概念。接着,本文详细阐述了教师语言意识和多语言意识的概念,以便为后续的研究提供理论支持。其次,本文探讨了合理的教师多语言意识评价手段和评价体系,以了解和培养教师的语言态度。最后,通过分析教师多语言意识与教学实践之间的关系,本文强调了教师多语言意识对于提高英语教育质量的重要性。
