Study on Biologic Activity for Membrane of Normal Bone Marrow Cells with Infection of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Using DPH fluorescence probe, the membrane of normal bone marrow cells with infection of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus (EHFV) was labeled. The membrane lipid fluidity was obviously decreased from the membrane lipid fluorescence polarization. The membrane lipid fluidity of lympho- cyte, monocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte was dynamically observed. After culturing the cells for 1, 6, 24 and 72 h, it was found that all the membrane lipid fluidity of the infected cells was de- creased obviously with the longer the culturing time, the more obvious it. Compared with the normal control groups, there was a significant difference statistically (P<0. 05-0. 01). It was suggested that the decrease of the membrane lipid fluidity of normal bone marrow cell with infection of EHFV had correlation with the degree of virus invading and cellfunction injury.

Lipofuscin in brains of patients and mice with epidemic hemorrhagic fever

We have previously shown that the lipofuscin in the brain seems to have in-creased in amount in autopsy cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever.The purpose of thisstudy was to testify if there is really such an increase.Lipfuscin in 10 sections from everybrain of 10 autopsy cases,stained with Sudan Ⅳ,Sudan black and H.E.,was carefully es-timated and found to be greatly increased as compared with the controls of the same agewithout brain disease.Animal experiment was also conducted on 15 sucking BALB/c miceby I.P.inoculation of 100 LD50（0.05ml）of strain Chen of hemorrhagic fever virus,andon 15 mice without inoculation as controls.No lipofuscin was detected in the controls.However,in the brains of experimental mice,lipofuscin was found to be markedly in-creased,especially in the necrotic cells.The findings suggest that the over-productionand deposition of lipofuscin may be a mild change caused by the virus and its related fac-tors,which might be enhanced by hypotension and shock.

Abnormalities of Cellular Immunoregulation in Patients with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever

In this report,a comparative study is made of the function test of spontaneousT suppressor cell（STs）and T Lymphocyte subsets in patients with epidemic hemorrha-gic fever（EHF）.It was found that in the early stages of the disease the activity of STs wasmarkedly lower than that of the controls,while the percentage of CD?+ cells increasedsignificantly,which led to the decrease and reciprocation of CD4/CD8 ratio,and that theactivity of STs was reversely related to the proportion of CD8+ cells on linear regressionanalysis,indicating that the CD8+ cells increased may mainly belong to cytotoxic T cells.It was also shown that the changes of STs function and CD4/CD8 ratio were related tothe abnormalities of serum C3 content and circulating immune complex.The results sug-gest that the disturbance of host cellular immunoregulation may play an important rolein the pathogenesis of EHF.

Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in Hubei Frovince,The Peoples Repulic of China: A Clinical and Serological Study

Between July 1975 and April 1980, 71 patients were admitted to the 2ndAttached Hospital of Hubei Provincial Medical College in Wuchang withthe diagnosis of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF). The clinical courseamong these patients was similar to that described for patients with KoreanHemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathica Epidemica of Scandanavia and Hemor-rhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome of the U.S.S.R. The overall mortalitywas 11.2％. Sera obtaincd from some of these patients as well as frompatients admitted to the First Attached Hospital of Hubei Provincial Me-dical College were tested against an antigen associated with Korean He-morrhagic Fever and showed exceedingly high antibody titers. We concludethat EHF in Centfal China represents the same disease process as KoreanHemorrhagic Fever.

Acute Hemorrhagic Fever: Clinical, Epidemiological and Laboratory Aspects in São Toméand Príncipe

Background: In the last 6 months, cases of acute hemorrhagic fever (AHF) have been recorded in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). Objective: To identify the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters associated with AHF cases found in patients hospitalized in STP. Methods: Descriptive and quantitative analysis of AHF cases hospitalized in STP in the period December 2021 to May 19, 2022 through the variables: demographic data;clinical data;laboratory data and clinical outcome. Results: Analyzed 18 of 22 AHF cases, 50% of them male, mean age 33.7 years, 85.7% residing in the 2 largest districts of the country, 66.7% rural workers, administrative near maritime areas, sailors and domestics. 66.7% were healthy individuals. ≥50% had a fever, asthenia/weakness, myalgia, headache, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 22.2% to 33.3% had retro-orbital pain, abdominal pain, decreased consciousness, dyspnea/hypoxia, and cough. In a smaller register (5.6% - 11.1%), exanthema, convulsion, arthralgia, low back pain, chills, and chest pain. Bleeding from the digestive tract was found in 72.2%, followed by vaginal (33.3%), urethral (27.8%), nasal (22.2%), and oral (16.7%). 50% had laboratory confirmation for dengue, and another 50% with suspected clinical diagnosis without laboratory confirmation of the etiologic agent. Despite hemorrhage, 66.7% of confirmed cases were hemodynamically non-severe, and 88.9% of suspected cases were severe. Coinfection with malaria is evidenced in 11.1% of cases. 72.2% recovered and 27.8% died (deaths in 55.5% of suspected cases). Case deaths were male (100%), resident foreigners (40%), tool store employees, sailors and students, healthy (80%), and residing in the largest district in the country (60%). All deaths were hospitalized in serious condition, 80% were hospitalized for hemorrhage and shock, with bleeding arising between day 4 - 5 of illness in 60% and hospitalization on day 5 of illness. 60% died within ≤24 hours of hospitalization. 80% died from shock and multi-organ dysfunction and 20% from respiratory failure. Deaths had thrombocytopenia (100%), renal dysfunction (100%) and significantly increased transaminases (100%), anemia (75%) and leukocytosis (66.7%). 20% had a radiological change of pulmonary infiltrates. Conclusion: Our data reveal the complexity of the pathogens causing AHF and suggest the possible presence of other human pathogens usually unknown in the Santomean geographical territory.

STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT STRUCTURE OF NATURAL NIDI AND EPIDEMIC AREAS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN CHINA

The environment structure of natural nidi and epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) possesses characteristics of topography, hydrology, climate, soil, vegetation, and animals. The natural nidi and epidemic areas of HFRS are distributed mainly in plain and hilly regions under 500 meters above the sea level; in plentiful-water zones and transitional zones; in temperate zone and subtropical zone of the eastern monsoon region; in the abundant-aluminum soil region and the sial soil region; in the eastern China damp forest region (agricultural districts and northeast forest districts); in the eastern Asia dampness-prefering animal geographic region. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus are the thriving animal population, predominant species or common species as well as the main reservoir hosts and sources of infection in the natural nidi and epidemic areas of HFRS.

Application of Conglutinin-ELISA for the detection of Circulating Immune Complexes in Sera of Patients with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever.

Conglutinin was extracted and purified from bovine’s sera and was used in ELISA for the detection of circulating immune complexes in the sera of patients suffering from epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The detected rates of circu-

Pathological changes and viral antigen distribution in the lymphatic tissue of Patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever

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Lassa hemorrhagic fever model using new generalized Caputo-type fractional derivative operator

In some of the previous decades, we have observed that mathematical modeling hasbecome one of the most interesting research fields and has attracted many researchers.In this regard, thousands of researchers have proposed different varieties of mathematicalmodels to study the dynamics of a number of real-world problems. This research workis framed to analyzing the structure of the well-known Lassa hemorrhagic epidemic;adangerous epidemic for pregnant women, via new generalized Caputo type nonintegerorder derivative with the help of a modified Predictor–Corrector scheme. Lassa hemorrhagic disease is an epidemical and biocidal fever, whose negative impacts were initiallyrecognized in the countries of Africa. This virus has killed many pregnant women ascompared to the Ebola epidemic. It was noticed that Lassa virus was isolated in Verocell cultures from a blood pattern, and after 12 days it was ejective, after the climb ofthe sickness. In this research study, necessary theorems and lemmas are reminded toprove the existence of a unique solution and stability of given fractional approximationscheme. All necessary results are reminded to confirm the effectiveness of the proposedapproximation algorithm by graphical observations for various fractional-order values.In our practical calculations, we plotted the graphs for two different values of naturaldeath rate along with various values of given fractional-order operator. Our major target is to show the importance of the proposed modified version of the Predictor–Correctoralgorithm in epidemic studies by exploring the given Lassa hemorrhagic fever dynamics.

Epidemic Characteristics and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of HFRS in Qingdao City,China,2010-2022

Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Qingdao City,China.Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingdao City from 2010 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiologic,seasonal decomposition,spatial autocorrelation,and spatio-temporal cluster analyses were performed.Results A total of 2,220 patients with HFRS were reported over the study period,with an average annual incidence of 1.89/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 2.52%.The male:female ratio was 2.8:1.75.3%of patients were aged between 16 and 60 years old,75.3%of patients were farmers,and 11.6%had both“three red”and“three pain”symptoms.The HFRS epidemic showed two-peak seasonality:the primary fall-winter peak and the minor spring peak.The HFRS epidemic presented highly spatially heterogeneous,street/township-level hot spots that were mostly distributed in Huangdao,Pingdu,and Jiaozhou.The spatio-temporal cluster analysis revealed three cluster areas in Qingdao City that were located in the south of Huangdao District during the fall-winter peak.Conclusion The distribution of HFRS in Qingdao exhibited periodic,seasonal,and regional characteristics,with high spatial clustering heterogeneity.The typical symptoms of“three red”and“three pain”in patients with HFRS were not obvious.

采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT治疗流行性出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭1例回顾性分析

目的总结1例流行性出血热(EHF)合并急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的经验,以期为同类病例的治疗提供参考。方法对2021年4月兰州大学第一医院东岗院区综合内科收治的1例EHF合并ARF患者行内科综合治疗,同时采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT,依据动态监测血气分析、电解质、肾功能及凝血指标水平调整自配置换液配方及抗凝剂剂量。结果患者住院治疗14 d出院,出院后30 d复查随访,各项指标均恢复正常。结论在内科综合治疗的同时及时采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT是治疗EHF合并ARF的有效方法。

流行性出血热中医病因病机及诊治要点分析

流行性出血热是由汉坦病毒引起的一种传染病,属中医“疫病”范畴。中医防治流行性出血热疫情疗效明显,但各家寒温迥异的辨治方法亦为后世辨治疫病带来困惑。通过总结资料,从“分类-分期-分证”视角对流行性出血热“因机证治”进行重新审视。从“分类”的角度将其归属于“寒疫”范畴,从“分期”的角度将其分为“热毒-厥脱-肾损-正虚”四个阶段。每个阶段又分多个证型:“热毒”阶段,以寒戾嗜营、热毒损络为核心病机,主要证型有太阳经证、太阳腑证、邪郁少阳证、阳明热盛证、气营两燔证。“厥脱”阶段,以热厥气脱为核心病机,主要证型有热厥气脱证、元气外脱证。“肾损”阶段,以疫毒伤肾为核心病机,分为少尿期和多尿期,少尿期以毒损肾络为要,主要证型有膀胱蓄血证、水热互结证、结胸证、湿阻三焦证等;多尿期以肾虚失摄为要,主要证型有肾虚不固证、余邪未尽证。“正虚”阶段,以气血阴阳的亏虚为核心病机,主要证型有脾肾阳虚和肝肾阴虚等。治疗流行性出血热:热毒期,到气即可凉营;厥脱期,见厥即要固脱;肾损期,少尿务必通腑,多尿补肾缩泉。

基于知信行模式的护理在流行性出血热患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨基于知信行模式的护理在流行性出血热患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年4月至2022年4月该院收治的98例流行性出血热患者的临床资料,根据护理方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各49例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于知信行模式的护理。比较两组护理前后疾病认知情况、负性情绪[汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)]评分、症状缓解时间、住院时间及护理满意度。结果:护理后,观察组疾病认知量表中发病原因、临床表现、个人防护和注意事项等维度评分均高于对照组,HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,尿蛋白转阴时间、退热时间、血小板恢复正常时间、血压恢复正常时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为95.92%(47/49),高于对照组的83.67%(41/49),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于知信行模式的护理用于流行性出血热患者可提高其对疾病认知,缓解不良情绪,缩短症状缓解时间和住院时间,提高患者护理满意度。

2004-2007年福建省流行性出血热流行特征分析

目的了解近年来福建省流行性出血热的流行特征,判断疾病发展的态势,为防治疾病提出建议和对策。方法疫情资料主要来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004-2007年流行性出血热个案卡的信息和1980-2004年年度疫情汇编。结果2004-2007年福建省流行性出血热年平均发病率为0.39/10万,病死率为2.36%,近年疫情有所回升,发病集中在秋冬季节(11-1月)和春夏季节(4-6月),男性发病率高于女性,在总发病和死亡人数中农民均占了一半以上。年龄别发病率高的主要为30～59岁组,最高的为40～49岁组,年龄别病死率以60岁以上最高。结论福建省流行性出血热疫情近年有重新抬头的趋势,应加强对高发地区和发病率上升较快地区的高危人群的监测。

流行性出血热病毒L99株(家鼠型)与国内外其它毒株抗原性的比较

流行性出血热家鼠型（Ⅱ型）病毒L99株分别在小白鼠脑腔和金黄地鼠肾细胞传代适应，再初步纯化，所选出的毒株具有广谱抗原性和较高的毒力滴度。应用鼠脑或细胞毒种感染金黄地鼠肾细胞制成灭活疫苗免疫动物，检测血清中和抗体反应及对野鼠型（Ⅰ型）和家鼠型（Ⅱ型）强毒攻击的保护力，均证明L99疫苗有双向的免疫效果。L99活毒免疫动物血清与不同来源的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型病毒交叉中和反应亦证明L99株对两型病毒有明显的交叉反应，表明L99株病毒对两型病毒具有双向抗原性。

空心莲子草有效部分的分离及抗病毒作用

采用铅盐沉淀法和两相溶剂萃取法提取空心莲子草的若干部分,进行抗病毒研究,结果表明石油醚,乙醚和醋酸乙酯提取物有抗EHFV作用。抗病毒有效成分为香豆精类化合物。

流行性出血热病毒单克隆抗体的特性鉴定及其对病毒结构蛋白作用的初步研究

本文运用放射免疫沉淀法(RIP)、Western-blot及ELSA夹心法,对一组针对流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)L99株、C4株的单克隆抗体(McAb)进行特性鉴定,其中4株McAb针对糖蛋白G2,29株针对核壳蛋白(NP),1株针对糖蛋白G1和NP。微量中和试验和血凝抑制(HI)试验分析表明,虽绝大多数抗NP McAb既无中和活性亦无HI活性,但有1株例外。具有明显的中和活性和HI活性,提示EHFV核壳蛋白上可能存在中和抗原和血凝抗原决定簇。2株抗G2 McAb具有较高的HI活性,1株抗G2 McAb有较低的中和活性和较高的HI活性,另一株抗G2 McAb仅具有中和活性,表明EHFV糖蛋白G2上存在独立的中和与血凝抗原决定簇,也可能存在具有中和、血凝双重功能的决定簇。竞争ELISA分析显示。G2蛋白上某些中和位点和血凝位点虽然独立分布,但在某一区域可能相当靠近或有部分重叠。

福建省鼠间肾综合征出血热流行病学调查

目的掌握福建省鼠间肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行情况和疫源地分布,为控制HFRS的流行提供参考。方法根据福建省啮齿动物地理区划以及肾综合征出血热病例分布状况,选择18个县、市作为调查地区,用笼夜法捕鼠采集血清标本,用双抗原夹心ELISA法检测血清中抗汉坦病毒(Hantan virus,HV)抗体,分析鼠间HFRS流行情况。结果各个地区HV宿主动物种类分布不均衡,但以褐家鼠为主要宿主动物,其次为黄胸鼠,野外鼠密度较低。褐家鼠抗体阳性率最高,达到9.89%。各个地理区划中II区即闽东山地抗体阳性率最高,为9.32%,而III区即闽中、闽西南山地抗体阳性率最低,为2.74%。调查点中泰宁、周宁、福鼎、厦门、福清、莆田、平潭等地鼠血清HV抗体阳性率均超过10%。而上杭、漳平、漳浦、安溪等地鼠血清均未检出HV抗体。结论福建省HFRS的疫源地以家鼠型疫区为主,降低家鼠尤其是褐家鼠密度,可控制本病在福建的扩大流行。

保留血凝素活性的流行性出血热灭活疫苗免疫家兔的效果

以流行性出血热(EHF)病毒浙10株为毒种,沙鼠肾原代细胞为基质细胞,β-丙内酯为灭活剂,按类似于流行性乙型脑炎的生物制品规程要求,研制成EHF灭活疫苗。实验证明,此疫苗除了与福尔马林灭活疫苗一样,可用ELISA或反向被动血凝试验(RPHA)检出EHFV抗原外,还可检出较高滴度(64～1024)的血凝素抗原。将此疫苗经肌肉免疫家兔(1ml,2针),在兔血清中不仅能检出荧光(IF)抗体和反向被动血凝抑制(RPHI)抗体,还可测出一定滴度的中和抗体(空斑减少中和试验,简称PRNT,滴度为20～160)和低滴度(10～20)的血凝抑制(HI)抗体。这些结果表明,用β-丙内酯灭活的EHF疫苗与福尔马林灭活的疫苗在免疫原性上有明显区别。用β-丙内酯灭活疫苗免疫的23只家兔,经EHFV浙5株316和3 160ID50的攻击,全部获得了保护。

用单克隆抗体分析流行性出血热病毒的核蛋白抗原位点

17株针对流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)L99株和C4株核蛋白(50kd)的单克隆抗体(McAb),根据抗原性分析可分为组特异性、型特异性(野鼠型或家鼠型),以及反应谱不全的亚组特异性McAb。这表明,在EHFV核蛋白上不仅有组特异性抗原决定簇,而且有型特异性抗原决定簇,采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验,以亲和层析纯化的核蛋白傲为抗原,用这些McAb分析L99株和C4株核蛋白的抗原位点,在两株病毒核蛋白上各发现了至少7个共有的位点,3个野鼠型和两个家鼠型病毒特有的位点,组特异性抗原位点至少分布在两个独立的区域,其构象和分布在不同毒株表现不尽相同,无论野鼠型或家鼠型病毒,其型特异性抗原位点均较集中在一个独立区域内。