Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Retinal Superficial Capillary Plexus in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion and Unaffected Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To evaluate optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) data obtained from the superficial retinal capillary plexus of patients with retinal vein occlusion and comparative analysis with data registered from unaffected fellow eyes. Methods: The examined patients were classified into 2 groups: group 1—eyes with established retinal vein occlusion (n = 29) and group 2—unaffected fellow eyes of patients with retinal vein occlusion (n = 24). The scanning protocol “Angiography 3 × 3 mm” of Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 6000, AngioPlex Metrix was used to evaluate the retinal superficial capillary plexus. The analyzed parameters were vascular density and perfusion density, as well as the area, perimeter, and circularity of the foveolar avascular zone (FAZ). Results: The comparative analysis of FAZ parameters at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) between group 1 (eyes with retinal vein occlusion) and group 2 (unaffected fellow eyes) showed significant results for the three parameters, respectively area (p = 0.003), perimeter (p ≤ 0.001), and circularity (p = 0.011) of FAZ. The comparative analysis of the vascular network at SCP in patients with diagnosed retinal vein occlusion and unaffected fellow eyes showed significant results for vascular density (VD) in the central (p = 0.038) and inner (p ≤ 0.001) zones as well as total VD (p ≤ 0.001) were statistically significant. Moreover, the results obtained in the study of vascular perfusion (VP) indicated significant results in the inner zone (p ≤ 0.001) and total VP (p = 0.001). Vascular perfusion in the central zone (p = 0.116) was the only parameter not to meet significant results. Conclusion: The current study observed a significant enlargement of the FAZ and loss of its circularity, along with a reduction in vascular network parameters at the superficial retinal capillary plexus level.

Optical coherence tomography angiography for macular microvessels in ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion treated with conbercept:predictive factors for the prognosis

AIM:To evaluate the predicative factors of visual prognosis using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)patients with macular edema(ME)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment.METHODS:In this retrospective analysis,data from 60 patients(60 eyes)with a definite diagnosis of ischemic BRVO with ME by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were studied.The eyes with ME according to spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)underwent intravitreal conbercept(IVC)and 3+pro re nata(PRN)regimen.The injection times were recorded.Two weeks after injection,fundus laser photocoagulation was performed in the non-perfusion area of the retina.The patients were followed up once a month for 6mo.The bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),foveal avascular zone(FAZ),and A-circularity index(AI),at 6mo and the baseline were compared.RESULTS:All patients showed significant improvement in BCVA from 0.82±0.32 to 0.39±0.11 logMAR(P<0.001).The mean central macular thickness(CMT)significantly decreased from 476.22±163.54 to 298.66±109.23μm.Both the FAZ area and AI at 6mo were significantly higher than those at the baseline:the FAZ area increased(0.38±0.02 vs 0.39±0.02 mm^(2),P<0.05);the AI increased(1.27±0.02 vs 1.31±0.01,P=0.000).The baseline BCVA showed a significantly positive correlation with the baseline FAZ area,FAZ perimeter(PERIM)and AI,final visual gain(FVG)and injection times,respectively(P<0.001).FVG showed a significantly negative correlation with the FAZ area,PERIM,AI and injection times,but a significantly positive correlation with vessel densities(VDs)300μm area around FAZ(FD-300;P<0.001).Injection times was positively correlated with the baseline FAZ area,and AI,but inversely correlated with the baseline FD-300(P<0.001).However macular ischemia was noted in 5 cases during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Using OCTA to observe macular ischemia and quantify parameters can better predict the final visual prognosis of patients before treatment.The changes in FAZ parameters may influence the visual prognosis and injection times.

Longitudinal analysis of quantitative biomarkers using projection-resolved OCT angiography in retinal vein occlusion

Background:To evaluate a fully automated vascular density(VD),skeletal density(SD)and fractal dimension(FD)method for the longitudinal analysis of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)eyes using projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)images and to evaluate the association between these quantitative variables and the visual prognosis in RVO eyes.Methods:Retrospective longitudinal observational case series.Patients presenting with RVO to Creteil University Eye Clinic between October 2014 and December 2018 and healthy controls were retrospectively evaluated.Group 1 consisted of central RVO(CRVO)eyes,group 2 consisted of eyes with branch RVO(BRVO)and group 3 of healthy control eyes.OCTA acquisitions(AngioVue RTVue XR Avanti,Optovue,Inc.,Freemont,CA)were performed at baseline and last follow up visit.VD,SD,and FD analysis were computed on OCTA superficial and deep vascular complex(SVC,DVC)images at baseline and final follow up using an automated algorithm.Logistic regression was performed to find if and which variable(VD,SD,FD)was predictive for the visual outcome.Results:Forty-one eyes,of which 21 consecutive eyes of 20 RVO patients(13 CRVO in group 1,8 BRVO in group 2),and 20 eyes of 20 healthy controls were included.At the level of SVC,VD and FD were significantly lower in RVO eyes compared to controls(P<0.0001 and P=0.0008 respectively).Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at last follow-up visit was associated with baseline VD(P=0.013),FD(P=0.016),and SD(P=0.01)at the level of the SVC,as well as with baseline FD at the DVC level(P=0.046).Conclusions:Baseline VD,SD,and FD are associated with the visual outcome in RVO eyes.These parameters seem valuable biomarkers and may help improve the evaluation and management of RVO patients.

Microvascular changes after conbercept therapy in central retinal vein occlusion analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To investigate microvascular changes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO) complicated by macular edema before and after intravitreal conbercept injection and evaluate correlations between these changes and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and retinal thickness. METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with macular edema caused by CRVO were included in this retrospective study. All patients received a single intravitreal conbercept injection to treat macular edema. BCVA and the results of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) automatic measurements of the vessel density in the superficial(SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP), the foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area, the FAZ perimeter(PERIM), the vessel density within a 300-μm wide ring surrounding the FAZ(FD-300), the acircularity index(AI), the choriocapillaris flow area, and retinal thickness were recorded before and at one month after treatment and compared with the results observed in age-and sexmatched healthy subjects. RESULTS: The vessel density in the SCP and DCP, the FD-300, and the flow area of the choriocapillaris were allsignificantly lower in CRVO eyes than in healthy eyes, while the AI and retinal thickness were significantly higher(all P<0.05). After treatment, retinal thickness was significantly decreased, and the mean BCVA had markedly improved from 20/167 to 20/65(P=0.0092). The flow area of the choriocapillaris was also significantly improved, which may result from the reduction of shadowing effect caused by the attenuation of macular edema. However, there were no significant changes in SCP and DCP vessel density after treatment. The flow area of the choriocapillaris at baseline was negatively correlated with retinal thickness.CONCLUSION: OCTA enables the non-invasive, layerspecific and quantitative assessment of microvascular changes both before and after treatment, and can therefore be used as a valuable imaging tool for the evaluation of the follow-up in CRVO patients.

Peripheral retinal non-perfusion and treatment response in branch retinal vein occlusion

AIM： To evaluate the association between the size of peripheral retinal non-perfusion and the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion （BRVO） and macular edema. METHODS： A total of 53 patients with treatment-naive BRVO and macular edema were included. Each patient underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including optical coherence tomography （OCT） imaging and ultra wide-field fluorescein angiography （UWFA）. Monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections were applied according to the recommendations of the German Ophthalmological Society. Two independent, masked graders quantified the areas of peripheral retinal non-perfusion. RESULTS： Intravitreal injections improved bestcorrected visual acuity （BCVA） significantly from 22.23± 16.33 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study （ETDRS） letters to 36.23 ±15.19 letters （P〈0.001）, and mean central subfield thickness significantly reduced from 387±115 pm to 321±115 μm （P=0.01）. Mean number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections was 3.61±1.56. The size of retinal non-perfusion correlated significantly with the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections （R= 0.724, P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： Peripheral retinal non-perfusion in patients with BRVO associates significantly with intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with BRVO and macular edema.

Changes of peripapillary vascular density and its correlation with nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion

Objective:To observe the changes of peripapillary vascular density(VD)and its correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods:Prospective case-control study.Thirty-two patients(32 eyes)with RVO diagnosed at the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2020 to June 2021 were selected.Another 32 outpatients(32 eyes)with normal ocular examination were selected as the normal control group.Optic disc blood flow imaging was performed in all subjects using the OCTA to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness,peripapillary vessel density,optic disc area,and disc rim area.The correlation between peripapillary vascular density and RNFL,optic disc area and disc rim area in eyes with unilateral RVO was analyzed.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the prevalence of hypertension was higher in the unilateral RVO group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the overall,inferior and temporal RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,and the difference was statistically significant(P<005).Compared with the normal control group,the overall VD,internal ring,external ring and inferior VD around the optic disc were slightly decreased in patients with unilateral RVO,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary global VD(r=0.648,P<0.001),RNFL thickness was positively correlated with intrapapillary ring VD(r=0.427,P=0.015),and RNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary VD(r=0.666,P<0.001).Conclusion:The results showed that the RNFL thickness around the optic disc was thinner in patients with unilateral RVO,especially in the inferior and temporal area,and the full area VD around the optic disc was decreased,especially in the internal ring,external ring and inferior area.In patients with unilateral RVO,peripapillary RNFL was positively correlated with peripapillary global,internal ring and external ring VD.

Wide‑field swept‑source OCT angiography of the periarterial capillary‑free zone before and after anti‑VEGF therapy for branch retinal vein occlusion

Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the periarterial capillary-free zone(paCFZ)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)by widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and assess their associations with clinical outcomes.Methods:In this retrospective observational study of 54 treatment-naive BRVO patients with macular edema,we reviewed the findings of 12×12 mm^(2)SS-OCTA at baseline,3,6,and 12 months after intravitreal ranibizumab injections.The paCFZ and major retinal artery areas were measured on SS-OCTA images.The paCFZ area to artery area(P/A)ratio was calculated.Results:The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were significantly greater in BRVO eyes than in contralateral eyes(all P<0.01),but there were no differences in the first-and second-order artery areas(P=0.20 and 0.25,respectively).The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios decreased significantly at 3,6,and 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy(all P<0.01).The baseline P/A ratio was significantly correlated with the baseline best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness,and their improvements at 3,6,and 12 months(all P<0.05).Baseline BCVA and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were independently associated with the final BCVA in multivariate linear regression.Conclusions:Wide-field SS-OCTA shows that anti-VEGF therapy can lead to a significant improvement in the paCFZ parameters in BRVO.Smaller baseline P/A ratios on SS-OCTA tend to predict better visual outcomes at 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy.

The Modality of Huoxue-Huayuin Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Background:There were some reports in China about Huoxue-Huayu therapy on retinal vein occlusion(RVO),but prospective and systematic studies are very few.The curative effect and mechanism of this therapy on RVO have not been re-ported Previously6.Methods:80patients with RVO were randomly divided into2groups,FundusⅢ（groupA)and urokinase group(groupB).GroupAwas treated by FundusⅢo-ral liquid(a composite herbal recipe for Huoxue-Huayu or invigoration of blood circulation and reduction of blood stasis)10ml/timeP.O.t.i.d,The treatment course was1 mouth,Group Bwas treated by urokinase.The urokinase that pro-duced in China was used 10000u+5%glucose 500ml/dayi.v.drip for 5days in a course,the rest 5days going on another course.The total treatment courses last-ed 1month.too.Results:The visual acuity in group A was remarkably improved while that in group B did not change.The extravasated retinal blood was evidently absorded in 92.7%fo the cases in group Aand in 66.7%of those in groupB.Thedifference was significant.FundusⅢalso improved the retinal circulation.Decreased the whole blood viscosity and fibrinogen and educed leakage of the retinal capillar-ies.THe total effective rates were83.7%in group Aand58.7%in group Bwith significant statistical difference between the 2groups(P<0.01).Conclusion:FundusⅢmay alleviate retinal edema and necroses,improve the re-covering of visual acuity,the retinal microcirculation,th rate of absorbing of reti-nal haemorrhage and treat RVO,and the curative effect is better than urokinase.

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy combined with branch retinal vein obstruction:A case report

BACKGROUND Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)is an independent disease characterized by edematous optic discs.In eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO),the arteries and veins in the ethmoid plate of the optic disc are relatively crowded;however,a combination of the two is clinically uncommon.Herein,we reported a patient with NAION and concealed BRVO,for which the treatment and prognosis were not similar to those for NAION alone.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of NAION with concealed BRVO that did not improve with oral medication.A week later,we switched to intravenous drug administration to improve circulation,and the patient’s visual acuity and visual field recovered.Hormonal therapy was not administered throughout the study.This case suggested that:(1)Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)can help detect hidden BRVO along with the NAION diagnosis;(2)intravenous infusion of drugs to improve circulation has positive effects in treating such patients;and(3)NAION with concealed BRVO may not require systemic hormonal therapy,in contrast with the known treatment for simple NAION.CONCLUSION NAION may be associated with hidden BRVO,which can only be observed on FFA;intravenous therapy has proven effectiveness.

视网膜静脉阻塞合并黄斑灌注状态不良与视力的相关性

目的:视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)是全球第二常见的视网膜血管疾病,视网膜的灌注状态与疾病预后相关,黄斑区视网膜灌注状态与视力密切相关。本研究旨在应用光学相干断层扫描血管造影(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)测量RVO黄斑灌注指标的变化以及黄斑灌注状态与视力的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究设计,根据阻塞部位将41例RVO患者分为视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)组18例和视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)组23例,根据是否存在缺血分为缺血型RVO组23例和非缺血型RVO组16例(2例患眼周边视网膜被出血遮蔽,无法确认无灌注区面积而被排除)。同时,招募性别和年龄匹配的29名健康人作为对照组。应用OCTA测量并比较黄斑灌注指标,分析黄斑灌注状态与视力的相关性。结果:与健康眼相比,RVO眼的中央凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone,FAZ)面积增大,浅层和深层血流密度明显降低(P<0.001),但CRVO组与BRVO组中央凹厚度(central fovea thickness,CFT)和黄斑灌注指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。最小分辨角对数最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity at logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution,logMAR BCVA)与RVO浅层和深层血流密度呈显著负相关性(非标准化系数B=-0.039、B=-0.042,P=0.017、P=0.040)。缺血型RVO组平均最佳矫正视力为0.82±0.44,高于非缺血型RVO组的0.45±0.29,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007);缺血型RVO组较非缺血型RVO组伴有较大的FAZ面积(P=0.003)、较低的浅层和深层血管密度(P<0.001、P=0.008),黄斑缺血的严重程度与RVO周边缺血程度并不一致。结论:与健康眼相比,RVO眼的黄斑灌注状态明显下降,影响并限制了RVO患者的视力。缺血型RVO患眼视力和黄斑灌注状态较非缺血型RVO患眼更差。OCTA在观察血管形态和量化黄斑灌注状态方面具有优势,可作为评估疾病进展的有效检查手段。

基于OCTA技术的单侧RVO患者健侧眼黄斑区微血管血流密度、视网膜和脉络膜厚度变化

目的基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)技术,观察单侧视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)患者健侧眼黄斑区微血管血流密度、视网膜和脉络膜厚度变化。方法单侧RVO患者38例共76只眼,其中患眼38只记为患侧眼组,健侧眼38只记为健侧眼组。另选取同期体检健康者25例的25只正常眼作为对照组。采用美国光视公司RTVue XR 100光学相干断层扫描仪进行黄斑区微血管血流密度、视网膜和脉络膜厚度测量,包括浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)全层、上半侧、下半侧、中心凹、旁中心凹、旁中心凹上半侧、旁中心凹下半侧、旁中心凹颞侧、旁中心凹上方、旁中心凹鼻侧、旁中心凹下方的血流密度(VD),深层毛细血管丛(DCP)全层、上半侧、下半侧、中心凹、旁中心凹、旁中心凹上半侧、旁中心凹下半侧、旁中心凹颞侧、旁中心凹上方、旁中心凹鼻侧、旁中心凹下方的VD,黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积和周长、非圆度指数(AI),黄斑中心凹为中心周围300µm区域的视网膜(FD300)的VD,黄斑区视网膜厚度(CMT),黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)。结果与对照组组相比,健侧眼组SCP上半侧VD、SCP旁中心凹上半侧VD、DCP旁中心凹VD、DCP旁中心凹上方VD均降低(P均<0.05);与患侧眼组相比,健侧眼组SCP全层VD、SCP上半侧VD、SCP下半侧VD、SCP旁中心凹VD、SCP旁中心凹上半侧VD、SCP旁中心凹下半侧VD、SCP旁中心凹颞侧VD、SCP旁中心凹上方VD、SCP旁中心凹鼻侧VD、SCP旁中心凹下方VD、DCP全层VD、DCP上半侧VD、DCP下半侧VD、DCP旁中心凹VD、DCP旁中心凹上半侧VD、DCP旁中心凹下半侧VD、DCP旁中心凹颞侧VD、DCP旁中心凹上方VD、DCP旁中心凹鼻侧VD、DCP旁中心凹下方VD均升高,SCP中心凹VD、DCP中心凹VD、AI、CMT均降低(P均<0.05)。结论基于OCTA技术观察到单侧RVO患者的健侧眼黄斑区部分微血管血流密度已发生下降,但降低程度不及患侧眼,且健侧眼视网膜和脉络膜厚度变化不明显。

基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术的视网膜静脉阻塞中医证型研究

【目的】探究视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)中医证型分布规律及各证型光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)的表现特点。【方法】选取63例RVO患者(126只眼)进行回顾性分析,采用Ward系统聚类法对患者证候进行聚类分析,确定证型,并根据患者资料进行归纳分析,探讨其证型分布规律;再根据证型进行分组,运用OCTA技术对各组患者进行检测,通过统计学分析,探索各证型的OCTA特征。【结果】(1)一般资料方面:63例患者中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)33例,视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)30例,2组患者的性别和患侧分布情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2组患者的季节分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)聚类分析方面:经Ward系统聚类法分析结果显示,聚为4类最契合临床实际,分别对应气滞血瘀型、阴虚阳亢型、痰瘀阻络型和心脾俱虚型等4种证型。(3)中医证型分布方面:63例患者中,气滞血瘀型占比最高,为42.86%(27/63),其他从高到低依次为痰瘀阻络型[31.75%(20/63)]、阴虚阳亢型[14.29%(9/63)]、心脾俱虚型[11.10%(7/63)]。(4)各证型的OCTA特征方面:与健侧眼比较,气滞血瘀型与痰瘀阻络型RVO患者的患眼各层视网膜血流密度均明显降低(P<0.05),视网膜厚度均明显增加(P<0.05);其余证型患眼与健侧眼的各层视网膜血流密度、视网膜厚度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各证型患眼间比较,视网膜血流密度方面,气滞血瘀型RVO患者的患眼各层视网膜血流密度均较其他证型降低(P<0.05),痰瘀阻络型又均较阴虚阳亢型和心脾俱虚型降低(P<0.05),而阴虚阳亢型与心脾俱虚型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);视网膜厚度方面,痰瘀阻络型RVO患者的患眼各层视网膜厚度均较其他证型增加(P<0.05),气滞血瘀型又均较阴虚阳亢型和心脾俱虚型增加(P<0.05),而阴虚阳亢型与心脾俱虚型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各证型RVO患者的患眼黄斑中心凹无血管区面积(FAZ)、周长(PERIM)、血流(FLOW)及非圆度指数(AI)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】气滞血瘀型与痰瘀阻络型的视网膜血流密度均降低,但气滞血瘀型的血流密度降低更明显;痰瘀阻络型与气滞血瘀型的视网膜厚度均增加,但痰瘀阻络型的视网膜厚度增加更明显;其余证型无明显特异性特征,各证型患者的FAZ、PERIM、FLOW及AI均无明显差别。

Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics in Waldenström macroglobulinemia retinopathy:A case report

BACKGROUND Waldenström macroglobulinemia(WM)is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin M(IgM)in the blood,and patients may present with symptoms related to the infiltration of the hematopoietic tissues or the effects of monoclonal IgM in the blood.Funduscopic abnormalities were noted in some of the patients due to hyperviscosity or other retinal lesions.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)as a noninvasive imaging tool can give qualitative and quantitative information about the status of retinal and choroidal vessels,which might be useful for diagnosing patients with WM-associated retinopathy.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 67-year-old man who presented with sudden visual disturbance in both eyes.Ophthalmic tests showed that best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)for this patient was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/1000 in the left eye.Fundus examination,optical coherence tomography(OCT),and OCTA revealed substantial bilateral optic disc edema,dilated and tortuous retinal veins,and diffuse intraretinal blot hemorrhages and edema which were consistent with bilateral central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).Meanwhile,remarkable bilateral serous macular detachments(SMD)were noticed on OCT.Systemic examinations showed that the patient had anemia and extremely high level of monoclonal IgM and infiltration of clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow.The diagnosis of WM with hyperviscosity and retinopathy was made based on the clinical manifestation and laboratory findings.He was subsequently treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection,plasmapheresis,and bortezomib plus rituximab with dexamethasone.Six months after treatments,the central macular volume decreased by 16.1%in the right eye and 28.6%in the left eye on OCT,and the patient’s BCVA was improved to 20/60 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye.Very good partial response was obtained after systemic treatment.CONCLUSION WM may affect visual function and present as bilateral CRVO.OCTA can show characteristic changes in both retina and choroid vasculatures,which might be of great value for diagnosing or following patients with WM retinopathy.Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment combined with systemic therapy might be beneficial for WM patients with retinopathy(SMD and CRVO).

超广角OCTA对视网膜静脉阻塞眼视网膜无灌注区的检出效果分析

目的分析超广角光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)对视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)眼视网膜无灌注区的检出效果。方法选取2021年11月至2022年4月就诊于四川省人民医院眼科的RVO患者48例(48眼)作为研究对象,其中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)19例19眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)29例29眼。所有患者均行检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)和超广角OCTA检查。超广角OCTA检查选择24 mm×20 mm扫描模式。以FFA的检查结果为金标淮,计算超广角OCTA对RVO眼视网膜无灌注区的检出率,并应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析其检测性能。结果本研究共28眼(58.3%)被FFA检出视网膜无灌注区,超广角OCTA检出其中27眼,检出率96.4%,遗漏的一只患眼是由于超广角OCTA检测范围受限所致。在余下的20只患眼中,超广角OCTA更灵敏地检出1只患眼黄斑上方存在视网膜无灌注区,而在FFA图像中这个区域被视网膜出血引起的低荧光所掩盖。ROC分析结果显示:超广角OCTA检测RVO眼视网膜无灌注区的灵敏度、特异度分别为83.3%、100.0%,AUC为0.957。结论超广角OCTA对RVO眼视网膜无灌注区检出率高、耗时短,准确率高,且能发现被FFA遗漏的无灌注区。

定量分析单眼视网膜静脉阻塞患者视盘区变化

目的:通过光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)定量分析单眼视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)患者视盘旁放射状毛细管血流密度(ppVD)与视盘旁视网膜神经纤维层(pRNFL)厚度的变化及相关性。方法:前瞻性观察性研究。纳入2021-01/12于安徽理工大学第一附属医院眼科就诊的单眼RVO患者43例,其中RVO患眼43眼作为患侧组,未受累眼43眼作为对侧组,同时期选取年龄、性别与RVO患者相匹配的健康志愿者21例42眼作为对照组。采用OCTA测量视盘内血流密度(VD)、视盘周围VD及其上侧(pS)、下侧(pI)、颞侧上方(TS)、上方颞侧(ST)、上方鼻侧(SN)、鼻侧上方(NS)、鼻侧下方(NI)、下方鼻侧(IN)、下方颞侧(IT)、颞侧下方(TI)的ppVD与pRNFL厚度,分析纳入受检者ppVD和pRNFL厚度的特征性改变及相关性。结果:与对照组相比,患侧组视盘内VD、视盘周围整体VD及pS、pI、TI、ST、SN侧ppVD均下降,对侧组仅视盘内VD降低(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,患侧组TS侧pRNFL厚度升高,对侧组ST和IT侧pRNFL厚度降低(均P<0.01)。典型相关性分析提示,ppVD与pRNFL厚度两组综合变量相关性较强,患侧组和对侧组有2对典型相关变量,对照组有3对典型相关变量。结论:单眼RVO患者患眼视盘区VD降低,对侧眼ST和IT侧pRNFL厚度变薄,ppVD与pRNFL厚度整体存在较强正相关性,视盘区整体ppVD与pRNFL厚度的改变多表现在患眼上侧象限和对侧眼下侧象限。

视网膜静脉阻塞的光学相干断层扫描血管成像应用

视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)是临床上常见的引起无痛性视力下降的视网膜血管性疾病,目前荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)是其诊断的金标准。但FFA为有创检查,可重复性差,不具备分辨和描绘深层毛细血管的能力。光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)具有无创、安全、简便、高效及较高轴向分辨率等特点,成为目前RVO诊断及疗效评价的有力工具。OCTA还可以快速分层分析RVO患者微血管图像,定性定量评估双眼黄斑及视盘区各层毛细血管的形态结构及灌注状态。本文对OCTA在RVO患者中的应用做一全面综述,包括检测患眼和对侧健眼的黄斑及视盘区视网膜结构及血流变化、评估视力预后和抗血管内皮生长因子治疗效果、探究黄斑水肿复发机制、局限性以及发展前景,有助于医生更加全面地了解RVO疾病特征,为准确有效地指导疾病治疗、预测患者预后视力奠定重要基础。

尿激酶动脉溶栓对非动脉炎性视网膜中央动脉阻塞患者的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗非动脉炎性视网膜中央动脉阻塞(NA-CRAO)患者的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性研究。577例(577眼)NA-CRAO患者纳入研究,其中,男424例,女153例,年龄21~80(58.04±12.68)岁,发病时间2~240(89.88±76.51)h。治疗前均行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,记录臂-视网膜循环时间(A-Rct)及视网膜主干-末梢充盈时间。所有患者均行尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗,24 h后复查FFA,记录并对比治疗前及治疗后30 d最佳矫正视力(BCVA)。观察治疗中及治疗后并发症发生情况。结果 577例NA-CRAO患者治疗前及治疗后24 h的A-Rct分别为(31.48±0.99)s、(20.99±0.55)s,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000);治疗前及治疗后24 h主干-末梢充盈时间分别为(73.32±8.05)s、(20.74±3.28)s,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001);治疗后30 d的BCVA(logMAR)为1.46±0.14,较治疗前2.19±0.32明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.037)。577例NA-CRAO患者尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗后共有4例发生并发症,其中急性脑梗死1例,急性脑出血2例,短暂性脑缺血1例。结论 尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗发病时间≤240 h的NA-CRAO患者有效,并且有较高的安全性。

非动脉炎性视网膜中央动脉阻塞伴同侧颈内动脉闭塞患者的眼底影像特征

目的探讨非动脉炎性视网膜中央动脉阻塞(NA-CRAO)伴同侧颈动脉闭塞患者的眼底影像特征。方法回顾性研究。选择2019年11月至2021年11月在西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)眼科住院治疗的NA-CRAO伴同侧颈内动脉闭塞患者32例32眼为颈内动脉闭塞组,选择同期住院治疗的NA-CRAO不伴有颈内动脉闭塞患者32例32眼为对照组。采用国际标准视力表检测患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA);对患者行瞳孔、眼球运动、裂隙灯显微镜、眼底彩色照相、OCT、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、颈部血管超声多普勒、颅脑磁共振(MRI)、磁共振血管成像(MRA)检查。比较两组患者的臂-视网膜循环时间(A-Rct)、主干-末梢荧光素充盈时间(FT)、FFA特征、BCVA、眼底彩色照相、虹膜新生血管以及黄斑OCT特征。结果颈内动脉闭塞组和对照组患者年龄、性别、眼别、发病时间以及高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症患病率差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);颈内动脉闭塞组患者A-Rct和FT较对照组均显著延长,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.016、0.003);颈内动脉闭塞组与对照组患者BCVA差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。颈内动脉闭塞组患者脉络膜背景弱荧光、静脉扩张伴荧光素渗漏、虹膜新生血管、黄斑周围视网膜毛细血管出血、视网膜动脉荧光素逆行充盈、黄斑无灌注区、黄斑周围小动脉荧光素渗漏、急性脑梗死发生率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。颈内动脉闭塞组患者黄斑中心凹和黄斑周围视网膜厚度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.003);颈内动脉闭塞组患者黄斑囊样水肿发生率显著高于对照组(P=0.000)。结论若NA-CRAO患者出现视功能损害程度重、视网膜缺血范围广、A-Rct和FT显著延长、逆行充盈、黄斑出现无灌注区、黄斑周围小动脉荧光素渗漏、视网膜静脉血管扩张而不迂曲伴荧光素渗漏、虹膜新生血管、黄斑囊样水肿等特征,应警惕是否伴有同侧颈内动脉闭塞,尽早进行神经血管影像评估。

OCTA量化分析BRVO黄斑无血流区面积及微血管改变

目的 应用光学相关断层扫描血流成像(optical coherence tomography angiography, OCTA)对比观察不同缺血分型的视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO)患者的黄斑无血流区(macular non-flow, MNF)面积及其他微血管参数变化,并分析MNF面积与其余各项参数的相关性。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2020年8月~2021年12月于徐州医科大学附属医院就诊,经检查后确诊为BRVO患者45例(45只患眼),其中非缺血型25例(25只眼),缺血型20例(20只眼),OCTA检查分析获得黄斑中心6mm×6mm大小范围内MNF面积、视网膜浅层毛细血管丛血流密度(superficial vascular density, SVD)、深层毛细血管丛血流密度(deep vascular density, DVD)、中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone, FAZ)面积、FD-300等参数,比较非缺血组和缺血组的上述指标,并分析MNF面积与其余各项参数的相关性。结果 与非缺血组比较,缺血组MNF面积明显增加,SVD、DVD、FD-300均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),FAZ面积无明显变化。MNF面积与SVD、DVD、FD-300均呈负相关(r分别为-0.678、-0.630、-0.480,P均<0.05),而与FAZ面积无明显相关性。结论 MNF可作为一项新的OCTA指标来评估BRVO黄斑区视网膜的缺血状态;BRVO两组间比较,DVD相比SVD下降更为明显,提示深层毛细血管丛的毛细血管损伤对于视网膜缺血更为敏感。

COVID-19感染相关视网膜中央动脉阻塞患者的眼底影像特征

目的探讨COVID-19感染相关视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)患者的眼底影像特征。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选择2022年12月至2023年2月在西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)眼科住院治疗的COVID-19感染后CRAO患者10例12眼为COVID-19组,选取近期住院治疗的非动脉炎性CRAO患者10例10眼为对照组。采用国际标准视力表检测患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)(logMAR);对患者行瞳孔、眼球运动、裂隙灯显微镜检查、眼底彩色照相、OCT、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)。比较两组患者的基线特征、彩色眼底像、FFA、OCT特征。结果本组患者COVID-19感染后发生CRAO的时间为2~10 d,中位时间为3 d;两组患者发病时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。COVID-19组和对照组患者的基线BCVA(logMAR)分别为1.56±0.81和2.18±0.36,治疗后两组患者BCVA(logMAR)分别为0.89±0.57和1.67±0.36,COVID-19组患者基线视力和治疗后视力均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.039、0.002)。COVID-19组患者彩色眼底像显示患者视盘周围棉绒斑以及FFA视盘强荧光发生率高于对照组,视网膜动脉荧光素逆行充盈发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);对照组患者的臂-视网膜循环时间与COVID-19组比较明显延长,分别为(30.81±12.90)s、(19.40±4.67)s,差异有统计学意义(P=0.017)。OCT检查显示,COVID-19组患者视网膜内层解剖分层消失的发生率低于对照组(分别为41.7%、90.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);COVID-19组与对照组患者黄斑囊样水肿的发生率(分别为50.0%、20.0%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.156);COVID-19组患者外层视网膜增厚和视盘周围神经纤维层增厚的发生率均高于对照组(分别为75.0%、30.0%,83.3%、40.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P=0.046、0.048)。结论COVID-19感染相关CRAO患者会出现眼底视盘周围棉绒斑、FFA晚期视盘强荧光、OCT视盘周围神经纤维层增厚和外层视网膜增厚等眼底影像特征。