Paroxysmal drastic abdominal pain with tardive cutaneous lesions presenting in Henoch-Schnlein purpura

Henoch-Schnlein purpura(HSP) is a small-vessel vasculitis mediated by IgA-immune complex deposition.It is characterized by the clinical tetrad of non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura,abdominal pain,arthritis and renal involvement.The diagnosis of HSP is difficult,especially when abdominal symptoms precede cutaneous lesions.We report a rare case of paroxysmal drastic abdominal pain with gastrointestinal bleeding presented in HSP.The diagnosis was verified by renal damage and the occurrence of purpura.

Significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in adult patients with Henoch-Schnlein purpura presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms

AIM： To test the clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody （ANCA） in evaluation of adult Henoch-Schonlein purpura （HSP） patients presenting mainly with abdominal symptoms. METHODS： Twenty-eight consecutive HSP patients who presented predominantly with abdominal symptoms were enrolled in this study. Control subjects included 27 ageand sex-matched patients with peptic ulcer disease, colon cancer, acute gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome and colonic polyps. ANCA was measured by indirect immunofluorescence （IIF） in all patients, and follow-up ELISA was performed in patients with positive IIF tests. RESULTS： ANCA was detected in 9 HSP patients by IIF （2 were positive for c-ANCA and 7 were positive for p-ANCA）. No ANCA was found in the control group. The sensitivity and specificity of a positive ANCA test （either c- or p-ANCA） were 32.1% and 100% respectively. Only one out of the 9 patients with positive ANCA by IIF had positive ANCA by ELISA and the antigen was myeloperoxidase （MPO）. The patients positive for ANCA had higher HSP clinical scores, and were more likely to have renal function impairment. Patients with late purpura development were also associated with more severe clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION： A positive ANCA test is associated with more severe symptoms in HSP. After inflammatory bowel disease is excluded, a positive ANCA test provides a clue to the diagnosis of HSP presenting predominantly with abdominal symptoms.

Childhood Henoch-Schnlein Purpura Nephritis and IgA Nephropathy: One Disease Entity?——A Clinico-pathologically Comparative Study

Summary： In order to characterize their relationship through clinicopathological comparison between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis （HSPN）, 31 children with IgA nephrop- athy aged between 3 to 15 years and 120 children with HSPN aged between 4 to 15 years were compared with each other in clinical manifestation, blood biochemistry, serum immunology and followup study. Renal pathological findings under light microscope, immunofluorescence and electronic microscope were analyzed and also compared between 31 children with IgA nephropathy and 32 biopsied children with HSPN. The results showed that the onset age was over 12 years in 25.8 % children with IgA nephropathy, but only 10 % in HSPN （P〈0.05）. The clinical patterns of IgA nephropathy and HSPN were similar, but extra-renal manifestations were more often in HSPN, all of them had skin purpura, 59 % had gastrointestinal symptoms and 47 % suffered from arthralgia, compared with only abdominal pain in 3.2 % children with IgA nephropathy. The renal pathological investigation showed global sclerosis in 35.5 % of IgA nephropathy and 3.1% of HSPN, mesangial sclerosis in 41.9 % of IgA nephropathy and 6.3 % of HSPN, but endothelial proliferation in 65.6 % of HSPN and 29 % of IgA nephropathy （all P〈0.01）. Thin basement membrane nephropathy was only found in 6. 5 % children with IgA nephropathy, no in HSPN. The electronic dense deposits in HSPN were sparse, lodse and wildly spread in glomerular mesangium, subendothelial area and even intra basement membrane, but it was dense, lumpy and mostly limited in mesangium and paramesangium in IgA nephropathy. Predominant IgA deposits were found in 81.2% of HSPN, and overwhelming IgG deposits in 12.5 % of HSPN with relatively weak IgA deposits, moreover 6.3 % of HSPN showed linear IgG deposits in glomerular capillary. Totally 71. 9 G of HSPN had IgG deposits in glomeruli and only 19.4% of IgA nephropathy showed glomerular IgG deposits （P〈0. 01）. No IgG deposit was observed in 81. 6 % of IgA nephropathy, among them most showed IgA and IgM and/or C3 deposits, moreover overwhelming IgG deposits and linear IgG deposits couldn＇t be found in IgA nephropathy. Mean 20 months follow-up showed complete remission in 72.5% of HSPN, but only 19.4% in IgA nephropathy after 34 months follow-up. Moreover, 64.5 % of IgA nephropathy had consistent hematuria and proteinuria and 16. 1% had active nephritides （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that significant clinico-pathological difference was found between HSPN and IgA nephropathy, which didn＇t support the one disease entity hypothesis. HSPN and IgA nephropathy are probably two diseases with similar immune abnormalities.

Dermatoscope for the diagnosis of erythema with purpura induced by lidocaine/prilocaine cream:A case report

BACKGROUND Lidocaine/prilocaine(EMLA)cream is a local anesthetic that is applied to the skin or mucosa during painful therapeutic procedures with few reported side effects.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the use of dermatoscopy to identify a case of erythema with purpura,a rare side effect,after the application of 5%EMLA cream.CONCLUSION We conclude that erythema with purpura is caused by irritation and toxicity associated with EMLA,but the specific mechanism by which the toxic substance affects skin blood vessels is unclear.In response to this situation and for cosmetic needs,we recommend tranexamic acid,in addition to routine therapy,to prevent changes in pigmentation in patients with dermatitis.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Pregnancy Presented with Stroke at 29 Weeks: A Case Report

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but acute, life-threatening condition which may be precipitated by pregnancy. This disorder that presents with thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anemia, and clinical consequences of microvascular thrombosis such as stroke. The exact cause is not known but it is associated with a deficiency of ADAMTS13 enzymes. Immune mediated TTP is more common and can present in pregnancy. The aim of this case is to bring awareness as many clinicians are unaware of this condition in pregnancy, its diagnosis may be missed or delayed, leading to fetal loss or serious maternal implications. In this case the patient presented at 29 weeks with stroke in Emergency department, referred to delivery suit for Obstetric review, with suspicion of Pre-eclampsia/HELLP. The diagnosis of TTP was achieved by a multidisciplinary team who worked tirelessly together. The patient was transferred to a Specialist Tertiary Care Centre for further management. The pregnancy continued until 33 weeks and 5 days. She underwent an emergency caesarean section for fetal distress. Steroids and Rituximab were continued postnatally. The outcome was favourable due to fast and efficient multidisciplinary care. Awareness of this rare but important condition can lead to recognition of clinical presentation, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.

Periorbital purpura can be the only initial symptom of primary light chain amyloidosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary light chain amyloidosis is a rare and complex disease with complex clinical features and is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis in the early stages.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 47-year-old female patient whose only initial symptom was periorbital purpura,which was not taken seriously enough.As the disease progressed,pleural effusion gradually appeared,and after systematic diagnosis and treatment,she was diagnosed with“primary light chain amyloidosis”.She achieved rapid hematological remission after treatment with a daratumumab+bortezomib+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone regimen.CONCLUSION Periorbital purpura can be the only initial symptom of primary light chain amyloidosis;we should pay attention to the cases where the initial clinical symptoms are only periorbital purpura.

A Case of Investigation and Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination of COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine

Objective:Analyze the relationship between inoculating one case of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine(Vero cell)and immune thrombocytopenic purpura to provide a reference for the standardized handling of adverse events following immunization.Methods:According to the"National Monitoring Program for Suspected Adverse Reactions to Vaccinations,"an on-site investigation,data collection and analysis,expert group diagnosis,and medical association assessment were conducted on a case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in District A of Chongqing after vaccination with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.The assessment report was delivered to the three relevant parties,the case was reviewed,and the experience was summarized.Results:The investigation and diagnosis by the district-level vaccination abnormal reaction expert group concluded that the disease that occurred after vaccination with the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine was secondary immune thrombocytopenic purpura,an abnormal reaction to the vaccination.The medical damage was classified as Level II Grade B.The vaccine production enterprise raised objections to this conclusion.After re-assessment by the municipal-level medical association,the conclusion was consistent with that of the district-level medical association.The vaccine production enterprise did not raise any further objections.Conclusion:Through active collaboration among district and municipal-level medical associations,disease control institutions,and vaccination units,the recipients have been promptly and effectively treated,providing financial support for their subsequent treatment and safeguarding their rights.The investigation and disposal procedures for adverse events following immunization in Chongqing are clear,and the mechanism is sound.It is necessary to continue strengthening the monitoring of adverse events following immunization according to the existing plan and to ensure timely and standardized handling.Simultaneously,it is crucial to strengthen vaccine management and vaccination management.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage: A case report

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage is a very rare clinical condition. There has been no report of HSP complicated with both intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage until October 2012. Here we describe a case of HSP with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage in a 5-year-old girl. Plain abdominal radiograph in the erect position showed heavy gas in the right subphrenic space with an elevated diaphragm. Partial resection of the small intestine was performed, and pathological analysis suggested chronic suppurative inflammation in all layers of the ileal wall and mesentery. Seventeen days after surgery, cerebral hemorrhage developed and the patient died.

Endoscopic findings in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis of the small vessels of the skin, joints, GI tract, and kidney. It preferentially affects children but may also occur in adults. We report a 60-year-old man with HSP who presented with colicky abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, arthralgia, and skin rash. The gastrointestinal tract was viewed by upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. We found characteristic endoscopic findings in the stomach, cecum and sigmoid colon, the combination of which has rarely been demonstrated in one patient. Histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with positive staining for IgA in the capillaries. Endoscopy appears to have substantial diagnostic utility in patients suspected of having HSP, especially when abdominal symptoms precede the cutaneous lesions.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura: A report of two cases

Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis mediated by type Ⅲ hypersensitivity with deposition of Ig A immune complex in the walls of vessels. It is a multi-system disorder characterizedby palpable purpura, arthritis, glomerulonephritis and gastrointestinal manifestations and commonly occurs in children and young adults. The patients with gastrointestinal involvement usually present with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and melena. The imaging findings include multifocal bowel thickening with mucosal hyperenhancement, presence of skip areas, mesenteric vascular engorgement, with involvement of unusual sites like stomach, duodenum and rectum. These imaging findings in a child or young adult with appropriate clinical findings could suggest HSP.

Current views of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases and may play a potential role in certain extraintestinal diseases. H. pylori infection are mainly acquired during childhood, and it has been reported that in endemic areas of China the infection rates are extraordinarily higher in HSP children, particular those with abdominal manifestations. Furthermore, eradication therapy may ameliorate Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) manifestations and decrease the recurrence of HSP. Therefore, results suggested that detection of H. pylori infection by appropriate method ought to be applied in HSP children. Current evidences indicate that local injury of gastric mucosa and immunological events induced by H. pylori infection are involved in the development of HSP. Increased serum Ig A, cryoglobulins, C3 levels, autoimmunity, proinflammatory substances and molecular mimicry inducing immune complex and cross-reactive antibodies caused by H. pylori infection might play their roles in the course of HSP. However, there are no investigations confirming the causality between H. pylori infection and HSP, and the pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. More bench and clinical studies need to be executed to elaborate the complex association between H. pylori and HSP.

The Effect of Costimulatory Factors in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

To investigate the effect of costimulatory factors in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(CITP), we examined the expression of CD80 on platelets and megakaryocytes in patients with CITP and the controls by FACS. By using CD80 monoclonal antibody (McAb) to inhibit interaction among cells which is mediated by costimulatory factors, we observed the effect of CD80 McAb on the growth and maturation of megakaryocytic progenitors of patients with CITP in vitro . The results showed the expression of CD80 on platelets and megakaryocytes in CITP group was significantly higher than that in controls ( P <0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of CD80 on platelets and serum PAIgG in CITP (r=0.86, P <0.05). The mean of various clone numbers (CFU MK, BFU MK and mCFU MK) in CITP were all lower than those in controls ( P <0.05). In megakaryocytes co cultured with CD80 McAb, there was an increasing tendency of the number of CFU MK and big CFU MK (the number of megakaryocyte with GPⅢ a positive was more than 20) and mediate CFU MK (the number of megakaryocyte with GPⅢ a positive was 11-20). When the concentration of CD80 McAb was 10 μg/L, there was a significant difference in the number of megakaryocytic colony formation (CFU MK, BFU MK and mCFU MK) between the group with CD80 McAb and that without it ( P <0.05).These showed the abnormality of costimulatory factors had important effect in the pathogenesis of CITP.

Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia previously diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with hepatitis C virus infection

We report the first case of a patient with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP), who later developed acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia(AAMT), with autoantibodies to the thrombopoietin(TPO) receptor(c-Mpl). A 64-year-old woman, with chronic hepatitis C, developed severe thrombocytopenia and was diagnosed with ITP. She died of liver failure. Autopsy revealed cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. In the bone marrow, a marked reduction in the number of megakaryocytes was observed, while other cell lineages were preserved. Therefore, she was diagnosed with AAMT. Additionally, autoantibodies to c-Mpl were detected in her serum. Autoantibodies to c-Mpl are one of the causes of AAMT, acting through inhibition of TPO function, megakaryocytic maturation, and platelet formation. HCV infection induces several autoantibodies. HCV infection might also induce autoantibodies to c-Mpl, resulting in the development of AAMT. This mechanism may be one of the causes of thrombocytopenia in patients with HCV infection.

Cardiac implications of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP) is a multisystem disorder that essentially can affect any organ in the human body. The hallmark of the pathogenesis in TTP is the large von Willebrand factor multimers on plateletmediated micro-thrombi formation, leading to microvascular thrombosis.Autopsy studies showed that cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction are the most common immediate causes of death in these patients. Clinical manifestations of cardiac involvement in TTP vary dramatically, from asymptomatic elevation of cardiac biomarkers, to heart failure, MI and sudden cardiac death. There is limited knowledge about optimal cardiac evaluation and management in patients with TTP. The absence of typical cardiac symptoms,combined with complicated multi-organ involvement in TTP, may contribute to the under-utilization of cardiac evaluation and treatment. Prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of effective therapy could be critically important in selected cases. Based on our experience and this review of the literature, we developed several recommendations for focused cardiac evaluation for patients with acute TTP:(1) patients with suspected or confirmed TTP should be screened for the potential presence of cardiac involvement with detailed history and physical,electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes;(2) clinical deterioration of TTP patients warrants immediate cardiac reevaluation;(3) TTP patients with clinical evidence of cardiac involvement should be monitored for telemetry, cardiac biomarkers and evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography. These patients require urgent targeted TTP treatment as well as cardiac-specific treatment. Aspirin therapy is indicated for all TTP patients. Since epicardial coronary artery involvement is rare, cardiac catheterization is usually not required, given the high risk for hemorrhage and kidney injury;(4) we recommend evidence-based medical therapy for ischemic symptoms and heart failure. TTP patients with evidence of cardiac involvement would also benefit from routine cardiology follow up during remission.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura from vasculitis to intestinal perforation: A case report and literature review

Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP) is generally a selflimited vasculitis disease and has a good prognosis. We report a 4-year-old Thai boy who presented with palpable purpura, abdominal colicky pain, seizure, and eventually developed intestinal ischemia and perforation despite adequate treatment, including corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Imaging modalities, including ultrasonography and contrastenhanced computed tomography, could not detect intestinal ischemia prior to perforation. In this patient, we also postulated that vasculitis-induced mucosal ischemia was a cause of the ulcer, leading to intestinal perforation, and high-dose corticosteroid could have been a contributing factor since the histopathology revealed depletion of lymphoid follicles. Intestinal perforation in HSP is rare, but life-threatening. Close monitoring and thorough clinical evaluation are essential to detect bowel ischemia before perforation, particularly in HSP patients who have hematochezia, persistent localized abdominal tenderness and guarding. In highly suspicious cases, exploratory laparotomy may be needed for the definite diagnosis and prevention of further complications.

Efficacy Analysis of Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Allergic Purpura in Tibetan Children

Background: Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a common immune-related allergic disease in children. It is very important to understand the clinical features of this disease for doctors. Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of HSP in Tibetan children at high altitude, and to analyze the possible causes of HSP in children at high altitude. The risk factors of the disease provide a reference for the treatment of HSP in children in high altitude areas. Methods: Selecting January 2015 to November 2020, 88 children diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the People’s Hospital of Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region were the subjects of the study. Its gender, age of onset, season of onset, predisposing factors, allergy history, first symptoms, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, etc., perform retrospective analysis. Results: Among 88 children with allergic purpura, 55 were boys, accounting for 62.5%, and 33 were girls, accounting for 37.5%. Men have more cases than women. All have clinical manifestations of purpura of the skin, among which 35 cases have obvious triggers, of which the above there were 26 cases of respiratory infections, 6 cases of dietary factors, and 3 cases of contact with allergic substances. Simple skin type: 18 cases, accounting for 20.45%;Abdominal type: 6 cases, accounting for 6.82%;2 male cases, accounting for 33.33%;4 female cases, accounting for 66.67%;Articular type: 8 cases, accounting for 33.33%;Renal type: 2 cases, accounting for 2.27%;54 cases of mixed type, accounting for 61.36%. After glucocorticoids, the rashes disappeared, no any adverse reactions. Conclusion: Allergic purpura in children is more common in school-age children, and upper respiratory tract infection is the main predisposing factor. Skin purpura is the main clinical manifestation, often associated with lower extremity joint swelling and pain. There is no significant difference in the efficacy and course of the disease between intravenous and oral treatment. Therefore, clinicians should strictly grasp the indications of glucocorticoids to reduce the occurrence of complications.

A murine model for human immune thrombocytopenic purpura and comparative analysis of multiple gene expression in bone marrow and spleen

Homeostasis of platelet number in human and other mammals is well maintained for prevention of minor bleeding and for other im- munological functions, but the exact molecular mechanism responsible for immune thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） has not been fully understood. In an effort to identify genetic factors involved in initiation of platelet production in response to bleeding injury or platelet destruction, we have successfully generated an animal model of human ITP via intraperitoneal injection of anti-platelet antibody into the Balb/c mouse. Platelet counts were dropped dramatically in animals that received antibody injection within 4 h, maintained at the mini- mum level for a period of 44 h, started to rebound after 48 h, and reached to the maximum at 144 h （6 days）. Final homeostasis reached at approximately 408 h （17 days）, following a minor cycle of platelet number fluctuation. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we assessed and compared mRNA level of CD41, c-myb, c-mpl, caspase-3, caspase-9, GATA-1, and Bcl-xl in bone marrow and spleen. Alteration of mRNA expression was correlated with the change of platelet level, and an inverse relationship was found for expression of the genes be- tween bone marrow and spleen. No transcription was detectable for any of the seven genes in bone marrow at the time when platelet number reached the maximum （144 h）. In contrast, mRNA transcripts of the seven genes were found to be at the highest level in spleen tissue. This is the first study of simultaneous detection of multiple platelet related genes in a highly reproducible ITP animal model. Our results provided the supportive evidence that expression of the above seven genes are more related to negative regulation of platelet number in spleen tissue, at least in the model animals.

Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura

AIM: To assess the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on platelet counts in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP).

Differences in Pathological Characteristics and Laboratory Indicators in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Henoch-Sch？nlein Purpura Nephritis

We aimed to investigate the differences in renal histopathological changes and laboratory parameters between adult and pediatric patients with Henoch-Sch？nlein purpura nephritis（HSPN）, and to analyze the correlation between laboratory parameters and renal histopathological grading. A total of 139 patients diagnosed with HSPN between September 2010 and December 2014 at the First Hospital of Jilin University, China, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and pathological characteristics were examined and compared between the adult and the pediatric patients. A majority of adult（75.0%） and pediatric（66.2%） patients were categorized as pathological grade Ⅲ HSPN. Adults having crescent lesions, interstitial fibrosis and renal artery involvement significantly outnumbered child counterparts（all P〈0.05）. Pathological grading showed a positive correlation with 24-h urine protein（r=0.307, P=0.009）, microalbuminuria（r=0.266, P=0.000） and serum globulin（r=0.307, P=0.014）, and a negative correlation with serum albumin（r=0.249, P=0.037） in pediatric patients with HSPN. Among adult patients with HSPN, histopathological grading showed a positive correlation with 24-h urine protein（r=0.294, P=0.015）, microalbuminuria（r=0.352, P=0.006）, α1-microglobulin（r=0.311, P=0.019） and immunoglobulin G（r=0.301, P=0.023） in urine, and serum creatinine（r=0.292, P=0.018）. Further, a negative correlation between serum albumin and pathological grading was also observed（r=0.291, P=0.018）. In conclusion, the severity of renal pathological lesions in HSPN patients is well reflected by the levels of proteinuria. Adult patients have more severe renal histopathological changes than pediatric patients.

Clinical Study on the Effect of Shengxueling (生血灵) on Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Shengxueling (生血灵, SXL) on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and study the possible mechanism.Methods: Eighty-six cases of ITP were randomly divided into two groups. The SXL group, 56 patients treated with SXL, a traditinal Chinese medicine and 30 patients administered with prednisone were taken as control. Each group took drugs for 3 months and was under follow-up observation.Results: In the SXL group, the total effective rate was 85.71%, similar to prednisone 83.33%( P >0.05) for 3 months, but the total effective rate of SXL (91.07%) were obviously better than that of the control group (53.33%) ( P <0.01) for 6 months and had no obvious adverse reaction. The patients bleeding was alleviated or stopped, the general condition was improved. At the same time, blood platelet count (PLT) was increased, platelet associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were markedly dropped, the level of natural killers cells activity (NKa) increased, the rate of T lymphocyte subsets gradually returned to normal level. Megakaryocyte tended to maturation on bone marrow smear after treatment. All differences above were statistically significant.Conclusion: SXL is an effective and safe medicine for ITP. Its mechanism could regulate cytoimmune, inhibit platelet antibody to reduce the destruction of platelet, increase the number of platelet, promote the division and maturation of megakaryocyte, facilitate the production and release of platelet, lower the fragility of capillary, prevent and cure hemorrhagic tendency.