Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models

The Pacific subtropical cells(STCs)are shallow meridional overturning circulations connecting the tropics and subtropics,and are assumed to be an important driver of the tropical Pacific decadal variability.The variability of STCs under global warming is investigated using multimodal outputs from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project(CMIP6)and ocean reanalysis products.Firstly,the volume transport diagnostic analysis is employed to evaluate how coupled models and ocean reanalysis products reproduce interior STC transport.The variation of heat transport by the interior STC under the high-emissions warming scenarios is also analyzed.The results show that the multimodal-mean linear trends of the interior STC transport along 9°S and 9°N are-0.02 Sv/a and 0.04 Sv/a under global warming,respectively,which is mainly due to the combined effect of the strengthened upper oceanic stratification and the weakening of wind field.There is a compensation relationship between the interior STC and the western boundary transport in the future climate,and the compensation relationship of 9°S is more significant than that of 9°N.In addition,compared with ocean reanalysis products,the coupled models tend to underestimate the variability of the interior STC transport convergence,and thus may lose some sea surface temperature(SST)driving force,which may be the reason for the low STC-SST correlation simulated by the model.The future scenario simulation shows that the heat transport of interior STC is weakened under global warming,with a general agreement across models.

Gossypol acetic acid regulates leukemia stem cells by degrading LRPPRC via inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling or resulting mitochondrial dysfunction

BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells(LSCs)are found to be one of the main factors contributing to poor therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),as they are protected by the bone marrow microenvironment(BMM)against conventional therapies.Gossypol acetic acid(GAA),which is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants,exerts anti-tumor roles in several types of cancer and has been reported to induce apoptosis of LSCs by inhibiting Bcl2.AIM To investigate the exact roles of GAA in regulating LSCs under different microenvironments and the exact mechanism.METHODS In this study,LSCs were magnetically sorted from AML cell lines and the CD34+CD38-population was obtained.The expression of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC)and forkhead box M1(FOXM1)was evaluated in LSCs,and the effects of GAA on malignancies and mitochondrial RESULTS LRPPRC was found to be upregulated,and GAA inhibited cell proliferation by degrading LRPPRC.GAA induced LRPPRC degradation and inhibited the activation of interleukin 6(IL-6)/janus kinase(JAK)1/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3 signaling,enhancing chemosensitivity in LSCs against conventional chemotherapies,including L-Asparaginase,Dexamethasone,and cytarabine.GAA was also found to downregulate FOXM1 indirectly by regulating LRPPRC.Furthermore,GAA induced reactive oxygen species accumulation,disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis,and caused mitochondrial dysfunction.By inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via degrading LRPPRC,GAA resulted in the elimination of LSCs.Meanwhile,GAA induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage by causing mitochondrial damage.CONCLUSION Taken together,the results indicate that GAA might overcome the BMM protective effect and be considered as a novel and effective combination therapy for AML.

Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery

Axonal remodeling is a critical aspect of ischemic brain repair processes and contributes to spontaneous functional recovery.Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that exosomes/small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)isolated from cerebral endothelial cells(CEC-sEVs)of ischemic brain promote axonal growth of embryonic cortical neurons and that microRNA 27a(miR-27a)is an elevated miRNA in ischemic CEC-sEVs.In the present study,we investigated whether normal CEC-sEVs engineered to enrich their levels of miR-27a(27a-sEVs)further enhance axonal growth and improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke when compared with treatment with non-engineered CEC-sEVs.27a-sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of healthy mouse CECs transfected with a lentiviral miR-27a expression vector.Small EVs isolated from CECs transfected with a scramble vector(Scra-sEVs)were used as a control.Adult male mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and then were randomly treated with 27a-sEVs or Scra-sEVs.An array of behavior assays was used to measure neurological function.Compared with treatment of ischemic stroke with Scra-sEVs,treatment with 27a-sEVs significantly augmented axons and spines in the peri-infarct zone and in the corticospinal tract of the spinal grey matter of the denervated side,and significantly improved neurological outcomes.In vitro studies demonstrated that CEC-sEVs carrying reduced miR-27a abolished 27a-sEV-augmented axonal growth.Ultrastructural analysis revealed that 27a-sEVs systemically administered preferentially localized to the pre-synaptic active zone,while quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot analysis showed elevated miR-27a,and reduced axonal inhibitory proteins Semaphorin 6A and Ras Homolog Family Member A in the peri-infarct zone.Blockage of the Clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway substantially reduced neuronal internalization of 27a-sEVs.Our data provide evidence that 27a-sEVs have a therapeutic effect on stroke recovery by promoting axonal remodeling and improving neurological outcomes.Our findings also suggest that suppression of axonal inhibitory proteins such as Semaphorin 6A may contribute to the beneficial effect of 27a-sEVs on axonal remodeling.

Intermittent fasting boosts antitumor immunity by restricting CD11b^(+)Ly6C^(low)Ly6G^(low) cell viability through glucose metabolism in murine breast tumor model

Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.

MIR-448 Regulates MAGEA6/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor Stem Cells

Objective: To explore the role of miR-448 in regulating MAGEA6/AMPK signaling pathway in the biological study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor stem cells. Methods: Using the database, the hepatocellular carcinoma related expression chips were obtained and the regulatory mirnas of candidate genes were predicted, and the predicted results were analyzed. The effects of miR-448 and MAGEA6 on the pellet formation rate and clone formation rate of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells were detected by immunofluorescence identification of stem cell markers and light microscope counting method. The effects of miR-448 and MAGEA6 on migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells were detected by scratch and Transwell assay. Dual luciferase reporter assay to verify whether miR-448 targets MAGEA6. The expression and influence of miR-448 on MAGEA6 and AMPK pathway were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: It was found that miR-448 may directly regulate the expression of MAGEA6. Overexpression of miR-448 inhibited the characteristics, proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells in vitro, as well as the ability of xenograft tumor formation in vivo. However, inhibition of miR-448 showed opposite results. In addition, miR-448 directly targets MAGEA6 and regulates AMPK signaling. Silencing MAGEA6 and adding AMPK activator further verified that miR-448 activated AMPK signaling pathway by targeting MAGEA6, thus affecting characteristics, proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatoma stem cells. Conclusions: Our results reveal that miR-448 activates AMPK signaling pathway by targeting MAGEA6, thereby affecting characteristics, proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatoma stem cells. It is suggested that overexpression of miR-448 may be a new therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Variations in Inflammatory Cells and IL-6 in Long-Distance Runners Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Previously Treated with Salbutamol

Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.

Predicting power conversion efficiency of binary organic solar cells based on Y6 acceptor by machine learning

Organic solar cells(OSCs)are a promising photovoltaic technology for practical applications.However,the design and synthesis of donor materials molecules based on traditional experimental trial-anderror methods are often complex and expensive in terms of money and time.Machine learning(ML)can effectively learn from data sets and build reliable models to predict the performance of materials with reasonable accuracy.Y6 has become the landmark high-performance OSC acceptor material.We collected the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of small molecular donors and polymer donors based on the Y6 acceptor and calculated their molecule structure descriptors.Then we used six types of algorithms to develop models and compare the predictive performance with the coefficient of determination(R^(2))and Pearson correlation coefficient(r)as the metrics.Among them,decision tree-based algorithms showed excellent predictive capability,especially the Gradient Boosting Regression Tree(GBRT)models based on small molecular donors and polymer donors exhibited that the values of R2are 0.84 and 0.69 for the testing set,respectively.Our work provides a strategy to predict PCEs rapidly,and discovers the influence of the descriptors,thereby being expected to screen high-performance donor material molecules.

Regulation of activin receptor-interacting protein 2 expression in mouse hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells and its relationship with collagen type Ⅳ

AIM： To investigate the regulation of activin receptor-interacting protein 2 （ARIP2） expression and its possible relationships with collagen type Ⅳ （collagen Ⅳ） in mouse hepatoma cell line Hepal-6 cells. METHODS： The ARIP2 mRNA expression kinetics in Hepal-6 cells was detected by RT-PCR, and its regulation factors were analyzed by treatment with signal transduction activators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate （PMA）, forskolin and A23187. After pcDNA3- ARIP2 was transfected into Hepal-6 cells, the effects of ARIP2 overexpression on activin type Ⅱ receptor （ActRⅡ） and collagen Ⅳ expression were evaluated. RESULTS： The expression levels of ARIP2 mRNA in Hapel-6 cells were elevated in time-dependent manner 12 h after treatment with activin A and endotoxin LPS, but not changed evidently in the early stage of stimulation （2 or 4 h）. The ARIP2 mRNA expression was increased after stimulated with signal transduction activators such as PMA and forskolin in Hepal-6 cells, whereas decreased after treatment with A23187 （25.3% ± 5.7% vs 48.1% ± 3.6%, P 〈 0.01）. ARIP2 overexpression could remarkably suppress the expression of ActRⅡA mRNA in dose-dependent manner, but has no effect on ActRⅡB in Hepal-6 cells induced by activin A. Furthermore, we have found that overexpression of ARIP2 could inhibit collagen Ⅳ mRNA and protein expressions induced by activin A in Hapel-6 cells. CONCLUSION： These findings suggest that ARIP2 expression can be influenced by various factors. ARIP2 may participate in the negative feedback regulation of signal transduction in the late stage by affecting the expression of ActRIIA and play an important role in regulation of development of liver fibrosis induced by activin.

miR-216a和CAPN6基因过表达人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa增殖迁移侵袭变化及靶向关系

目的观察微小RNA-216a(miR-216a)和钙蛋白酶6(CAPN6)基因过表达的人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa增殖、迁移、侵袭变化及靶向关系,探讨miR-216a对HeLa细胞增殖迁移侵袭影响的作用机制。方法取对数生长期HeLa细胞,分为一、二、三、四、五组,一组转染miR-216a mimic,二组转染pcDNA3.1-CAPN6质粒,三组顺序转染miR-216a mimic、pcDNA3.1-CAPN6,四组转染pcDNA3.1,五组转染miR-216a mimic NC,培养48 h时分别采用CCK-8法、划痕愈合实验、Transwell试验观察各组细胞的增殖迁移侵袭情况,培养24 h时采用qRT-PCR法检测各组细胞miR-216a、采用WesternBlotting法检测各组细胞CAPN6及信号转导子与激活子3(STAT3)蛋白。取对数生长期HeLa细胞分为四组:A组细胞顺序转染miR-216a mimic、pGL3-CAPN6-WT质粒,B组细胞顺序转染miR-216a mimic、pGL3-CAPN6-MUT质粒,C组细胞顺序转染miR-216amimicNC、pGL3-CAPN6-WT,D组细胞顺序转染miR-216amimicNC、pGL3-CAPN6-MUT,培养36 h时收集各组细胞,采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒测算各组细胞相对荧光素酶活性。结果与五组相比,培养48 h时一组细胞增殖活性及划痕前缘迁移距离百分比低、侵袭细胞数少(P均<0.01);与四组相比,二组细胞增殖活性及划痕前缘迁移距离百分比高、侵袭细胞数多(P均<0.01);与一组相比,三组细胞增殖活性及划痕前缘迁移距离百分比高、侵袭细胞数多(P均<0.01);与二组相比,三组细胞增殖活性及划痕前缘迁移距离百分比低、侵袭细胞数少(P均<0.01)。与五组相比,一组细胞miR-216a相对表达量高(P<0.01)。与四组相比,培养24 h时二组细胞CAPN6蛋白、p-STAT3/STAT3相对表达量高,三组细胞表达CAPN6蛋白、p-STAT3/STAT3相对表达量低;与五组相比,一组细胞CAPN6蛋白、p-STAT3/STAT3相对表达量低;与一组相比,三组细胞CAPN6蛋白、p-STAT3/STAT3相对表达量高。与B组相比,A组细胞荧光素酶活性低(P<0.05)。结论miR-216a过表达可抑制HeLa细胞的增殖侵袭和迁移。HeLa细胞中miR-216a与CAPN6基因存在靶向关系。miR-216a可能通过调控CAPN6基因表达,抑制HeLa的增殖、迁移及侵袭。

基于METTL3介导的miR-29a-3p的m^(6)A修饰探讨平喘颗粒抑制气道上皮细胞泛凋亡治疗哮喘的机制研究

目的:观察平喘颗粒对METTL3介导的气道上皮细胞中miR-29a-3p的m^(6)A修饰的影响,明确其抑制哮喘气道炎症的分子机制。方法:16HBE采用LPS诱导(50 mg/L)构建细胞模型,并给予平喘颗粒含药血清和地塞米松进行干预。分别采用CCK8法检测细胞活性、ELISA法检测炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8)的含量和miR-29a-3p的m^(6)A修饰水平、Western blot检测METTL3与泛凋亡蛋白的表达和qRT-PCR检测METTL3与miR-29a-3p的表达。结果:与模型组相比,平喘颗粒能够显著增加16HBE的活力,抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的含量,下调泛凋亡相关蛋白p-RIPK3、p-MLKL、cleaved Caspase-1、cleaved Caspase-3的表达和GSDMD-NT/FL-GSDMD与GSDME-NT/FL-GSDME的比值,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。此外,平喘颗粒能够显著上调细胞中miR-29a-3p和METTL3的表达水平,促进miR-29a-3p的m^(6)A修饰水平,与模型组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:平喘颗粒主要通过METTL3增强miR-29a-3p的m^(6)A修饰水平,抑制气道上皮细胞泛凋亡,改善气道炎症。

非小细胞肺癌组织中circBIRC6、APPBP2表达及临床预后意义

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中环状核糖核酸杆状病毒IAP重复序列6(circBIRC6)、β淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白结合蛋白2(APPBP2)表达及临床预后意义。方法 收集2018年6月~2020年1月90例在河北北方学院附属第一医院行手术切除的NSCLC组织及癌旁组织,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测circBIRC6、APPBP2表达,并分析二者与NSCLC患者临床病理特征的关系。通过Pearson相关性分析NSCLC组织中circBIRC6与APPBP2 mRNA表达的相关性,Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变、TNM分期和circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA表达的NSCLC患者生存曲线,多因素Cox回归分析NSCLC患者预后的影响因素。结果 与癌旁组织比较,NSCLC组织中circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。NSCLC组织中circBIRC6与APPBP2 mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.817,P<0.001)。NSCLC患者不同分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移组织中circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA表达比较有差异(P<0.05)。随访3年,90例NSCLC患者总生存率为55.56%(50/90)。EGFR基因突变阳性/阴性NSCLC患者总生存率比较无差异(P>0.05);TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期NSCLC患者总生存率高于Ⅲ期NSCLC患者(P<0.05);circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA高表达组生存率低于circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA低表达组(P<0.05)。低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结转移和circBIRC6≥10.97、APPBP2 mRNA≥2.48为NSCLC患者死亡的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=3.586(1.080~11.909)、3.632(1.193~11.057)、3.197(1.060~9.640)、3.223(1.086~9.570)、2.767(1.022~7.492)]。结论 NSCLC组织中circBIRC6、APPBP2 mRNA高表达,与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和预后有关。

喉鳞状细胞癌组织中ATF6和IFN-α的表达与临床病理特征及预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨转录激活因子6(activating transcription factor 6,ATF6)和干扰素α(interferon α,IFN-α)在喉鳞状细胞癌(laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,LSCC)组织中的表达及意义。方法 选取2015年3月~2020年3月于河南科技大学临床医学院/河南科技大学第一附属医院入院治疗的100例LSCC患者,收集整理其肿瘤部位、分化程度、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征;采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中ATF6和IFN-α的表达;采用Spearman法分析LSCC组织中ATF6与IFN-α表达的相关性;用Kaplan-Meier法分析LSCC组织中ATF6,IFN-α表达与患者三年生存率的关系;采用COX回归分析LSCC患者一年死亡的影响因素。结果 ATF6在LSCC组织中阳性率(76.00%)明显高于癌旁正常组织(13.00%),IFN-α在LSCC组织中阳性率(29.00%)明显低于癌旁正常组织(74.00%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=80.352,40.536,均P<0.05);TNM分期为Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、浸润深度为深层、发生淋巴结转移的LSCC患者ATF6阳性表达比例均显著高于TNM分期为Ⅰ+Ⅱ期、浸润深度为浅层、未发生淋巴结转移的LSCC患者(χ^(2)=7.310,9.223,5.123,均P<0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、浸润深度为深层、发生淋巴结转移的LSCC患者IFN-α阴性表达比例均显著高于TNM分期为Ⅰ+Ⅱ期、浸润深度为浅层、未发生淋巴结转移的LSCC患者(χ^(2)=8.564,5.021,5.203,均P<0.05);LSCC组织中ATF6与IFN-α表达具有负相关性(r=-0.415,P<0.05);ATF6阳性表达组LSCC患者三年生存率(50.00%)显著低于ATF6阴性表达组(83.33%),IFN-α阳性表达组LSCC患者三年生存率(82.76%)显著高于IFN-α阴性表达组(47.89%)(Log rank χ^(2)=8.002,10.854,均P<0.05)。ATF6(HR=1.735,95%CI:1.159~2.598),IFN-α(HR=0.624,95%CI:0.439~0.886)均是LSCC患者死亡的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 LSCC组织中ATF6阳性表达率升高、IFN-α阳性表达率下降,均与患者临床病理特征及预后密切相关。

血清转化生长因子β1、白细胞介素-6、Toll样受体-4、核转录因子κB联合评估非小细胞肺癌放射性肺炎病情严重程度的价值

目的探讨血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、Toll样受体-4(TLR-4)和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)联合评估非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)放射性肺炎(RP)病情严重程度的价值。方法选取104例NSCLC放疗后继发RP患者作为研究组,另选取52例NSCLC放疗后未继发RP患者作为对照组。比较2组患者放疗前后血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平。比较研究组不同程度RP患者放疗前后血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平,分析各血清指标单独及联合评估NSCLC放疗后RP病情程度的价值。结果放疗结束后,研究组患者血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);放疗结束后,随着RP病情程度的增加,研究组患者血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平呈升高趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,放疗结束后血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平评估1级RP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.787、0.718、0.783、0.801,评估≥2级RP的AUC分别为0.729、0.740、0.793、0.825;血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB阳性表达患者发生≥2级RP的风险分别是阴性表达患者的2.473、2.275、2.610、5.267倍(P<0.05);血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB联合评估≥2级RP的AUC为0.939,敏感度为76.00%,特异度为97.47%。结论NSCLC患者放疗结束后血清TGF-β1、IL-6、TLR-4、NF-κB水平均与RP病情严重程度呈正相关,四者联合评估≥2级RP的价值显著,可为临床控制RP病情提供参考依据。

血清SDC-1、HDAC6、CC16水平联合检测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者预后不良的预测价值

目的:探讨血清多配体蛋白聚糖1(SDC-1)、组蛋白去乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)、克拉拉细胞分泌蛋白16(CC16)水平联合检测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者预后不良的预测价值。方法:选取2020年11月至2023年11月该院收治的147例COPD患者进行横断面研究,设为研究组;选取同期于该院体检的147名健康者设为对照组。比较两组、不同COPD病情程度患者、不同预后COPD患者血清SDC-1、HDAC6、CC16水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析入院时血清SDC-1、HDAC6、CC16水平单项及联合检测预测COPD患者预后不良的价值。结果:研究组血清SDC-1、HDAC6水平均高于对照组,血清CC16水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度COPD患者血清SDC-1、HDAC6水平高于中重度、中度、轻度患者,且中重度高于中度、轻度患者,中度高于轻度患者;重度COPD患者血清CC16水平低于中重度、中度、轻度患者,且中重度低于中度、轻度患者,中度低于轻度患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良COPD患者入院时血清SDC-1、HDAC6水平高于预后良好患者,血清CC16水平低于预后良好患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,入院时血清SDC-1、HDAC6、CC16水平联合检测预测COPD患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.938,高于三者单项检测诊断(AUC=0.774、0.771、0.716)。结论:入院时血清SDC-1、HDAC6、CC16水平联合检测预测COPD患者预后不良的价值高于三者单项检测。

Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate Parkinson’s disease and neuronal damage through inhibition of microglia

Microglia-mediated inflammatory responses have been shown to play a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease. In addition, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, whether they can protect neurons in Parkinson’s disease by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses is not yet known. In this study, exosomes were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and injected into a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease. We found that the exosomes injected through the tail vein and lateral ventricle were absorbed by dopaminergic neurons and microglia on the affected side of the brain, where they repaired nigral-striatal dopamine system damage and inhibited microglial activation. Furthermore, in an in vitro cell model, pretreating lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells with exosomes reduced interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion, prevented the adoption of pyroptosis-associated morphology by BV2 cells, and increased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells. Potential targets for treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes were further identified by high-throughput microRNA sequencing and protein spectrum sequencing. Our findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes are a potential treatment for Parkinson’s disease, and that their neuroprotective effects may be mediated by inhibition of excessive microglial proliferation.

T细胞亚群及血清IL-6、IL-17水平对类风湿关节炎预后的评价

目的分析T细胞亚群及血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17水平对类风湿关节炎(RA)预后的影响。方法选取2021年9月~2023年9月收治的102例RA患者为研究对象,均接受甲氨蝶呤片治疗3个月,于治疗前、治疗后采集患者空腹血液标本,使用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))水平,使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清IL-6、IL-17水平。统计所有患者临床预后情况,比较不同预后患者T细胞亚群及血清IL-6、IL-17水平。结果RA患者重度活动组的CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、血清IL-6、IL-17水平均高于中度及轻度活动组(P<0.05)。RA患者治疗后CD4^(+)、血清IL-6、IL-17水平较治疗前降低,CD8^(+)较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。102例RA患者中,72例预后良好,占比70.59%,30例为预后不良,占比29.41%。预后不良的RA患者治疗后CD4^(+)、血清IL-6、IL-17水平较预后良好者高,CD8^(+)较预后良好者低(P<0.05)。结论CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、血清IL-6、IL-17水平与RA患者预后情况显著相关。

Neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-2 in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cellular and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease

Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release of growth factors that nourish host cells. In this study, we first established a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease using 6-hydroxydopamine. When SH-SY5 Y cells were pretreated with conditioned medium from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells, their activity was greatly increased. The addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. We also found that insulin-like growth factor-2 levels in the peripheral blood were greatly increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Next, we pretreated cell models of Parkinson’s disease with insulin-like growth factor-2 and administered insulin-like growth factor-2 intranasally to a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and found that the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine neurons, was markedly restored, α-synuclein aggregation decreased, and insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor downregulation was alleviated. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that insulin-like growth factor-2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells on the central nervous system were achieved through insulinlike growth factor-2, and that insulin-like growth factor-2 may play a neuroprotective role through the insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor/PI3 K/AKT pathway. Therefore, insulin-like growth factor-2 may be an useful target for Parkinson’s disease treatment.

IL-6通过激活JAK2/STAT3信号通路增强小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的吞噬功能

目的 探讨白细胞介素6(IL-6)对MH-S小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响及其相关机制。方法 脂多糖(LPS)经气道滴入激发构建小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,ELISA检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-6的含量。体外培养MH-S细胞,在信号转导子与转录激活子3 (STAT3)抑制剂Stattic(5μmol/L)存在与否的情况下,再加入IL-6(10 ng/mL~500 ng/mL)刺激6 h,加入荧光微球孵育2 h后,采用流式细胞术检测MH-S细胞吞噬荧光微球情况;Western blot法检测磷酸化的Janus激酶2(p-JAK2)、磷酸化的STAT3(p-STAT3)、肌动蛋白相关蛋白2(Arp2)、纤维型肌动蛋白(F-actin)的表达水平。结果 鼻腔滴入LPS后,小鼠BALF中IL-6含量显著升高。随着IL-6刺激剂量的增加,MH-S细胞吞噬荧光微球的作用增强,Arp2、 F-actin蛋白的表达水平升高。100 ng/mL IL-6刺激MH-S细胞后,p-JAK2和p-STAT3蛋白的表达水平升高。阻断MH-S细胞STAT3信号后,IL-6促进细胞吞噬的效应完全消失,IL-6诱导的Arp2、 F-actin蛋白表达增加被抑制。结论 IL-6通过激活JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进MH-S细胞Arp2、 F-actin蛋白的表达增强吞噬功能。

Chondrogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 in a normal healthy impacted third molar

The periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cell is regarded as a source of adult stem cells due to its multipotency.However, the proof of chondrogenic potential of the cells is scarce.Therefore,we investigated the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of periodontal ligament derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by transforming growth factor(TGF)-p3 and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-6.After isolation of periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) from human periodontal ligament,the cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM) with 20%fetal bovine serum(FBS).A mechanical force initiated chondrogenic differentiation of the cells.For chondrogenic differentiation,10μg·LTGF-β3 or 100μg·LBMP-6 and the combination treating group for synergistic effect of the growth factors.We analyzed the PDLSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chondrogenesis were evaluated by glycosaminoglycans assay,histology,immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis.PDLSCs showed mesenchymal stem cell properties proved by FACS analysis.Glycosaminoglycans contents were increased 217%by TGF-β3 and 220%by BMP-6. The synergetic effect of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 were shown up to 281%compared to control.The combination treatment increased Sox9, aggrecan and collagen II expression compared with not only controls,but also TGF-P3 or BMP-6 single treatment dramatically.The histological analysis also indicated the chondrogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in our conditions.The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of the dental stem cell as a valuable cell source for chondrogenesis,which may be applicable for regeneration of cartilage and bone fracture in the field of cell therapy.

Cell viability and dopamine secretion of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated PC12 cells co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

In the present study, PC12 cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine as a model of Parkinson＇s Disease, were used to investigate the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity and to verify whether the mechanism of action relates to abnormal a-synuclein accumulation in cells Results showed that co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced PC12 cell viability and dopamine secretion in a cell dose-dependent manner. MitoLight staining was used to confirm that PC12 cells co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate reduced levels of cell apoptosis. Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis found the quantity of α-synuclein accumulation was significantly reduced in PC12 cell and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell co-cultures. These results indicate that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can attenuate 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity by reducing abnormal α-synuclein accumulation in PC12 cells.