Hepatocellular carcinoma:Surgical perspectives beyond the barcelona clinic liver cancer recommendations

The barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)staging system has been approved as guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment guidelines by the main Western clinical liver associations.According to the BCLC classification,only patients with a small single HCC nodule without signs of portal hypertension or hyperbilirubinemia should undergo liver resection.In contrast,patients with intermediate-advanced HCC should be scheduled for palliative therapies,even if the lesion is resectable.Recent studies report good short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC treated by liver resection.Therefore,this classification has been criticised because it excludes many patients who could benefit from curative resection.The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of surgery beyond the BCLC recommendations.Safe liver resection can be performed in patients with portal hypertension and well-compensated liver function with a 5-year survival rate of 50%.Surgery also offers good long-term result in selected patients with multiple or large HCCs with a reported 5-year survival rate of over 50%and 40%,respectively.Although macrovascular invasion is associated with a poor prognosis,liver resection provides better long-term results than palliative therapies or best supportive care.Recently,researchers have identified several genes whose altered expression influences the prognosis of patients with HCC.These genes may be useful for classifying the biological behaviour of different tumours.A revision of the BCLC classification should be introduced to provide the best treatment strategy and to ensure the best prognosis in patients with HCC.

Therapeutic advances: Single incision laparoscopic hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS) is proposed to be a step towards minimizing the invasiveness of surgery, and has since gained popularity in several surgical sub-specialties including hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. SPLS has since been applied to cholecystectomy, liver resection as well as pancreatectomy for a multitude of pathologies. Benefits of SPLS over conventional multi-incision laparoscopic surgery include improved cosmesis and potentially post-operative pain at specific time periods and extra-umbilical sites. However, it is also associated with longer operating time, increased rate of complications, and increased rate of port-site hernia. There is no significant difference between length of hospital stay. SPLS has a significant learning curve that affects operating time, rate of conversion and rate of complications. In this article, we review the literature on SPLS in hepatobiliary surgery- cholecystectomy, hepatectomy and pancreatectomy, and offer tips on overcoming potential technical obstacles and minimizing the complications when performing SPLS- surgeon position, position of port and instruments, instrument crossing position, standard hand grip vs reverse hand grip, snooker cue guide position, prevention of incisional hernia. SPLS is a promising direction in laparoscopic surgery, and we recommend step-wise progression of applications of SPLS to various hepatopancreatobiliary surgeries to ensure safe adoption of the surgical technique.

原发性肝肉瘤7例临床分析

目的探讨原发性肝肉瘤的临床特点及其诊治。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的7例原发性肝肉瘤患者的临床资料。结果 7例患者均接受手术治疗。5例获手术切除肿瘤,其中3例行右半肝切除,2例行右半肝切除加术中无水酒精注射。术后分别生存11、12、15、20、21个月;未能行手术切除肿瘤患者均行病灶活检,其中1例同时行肝动脉结扎,1例行肝动脉置管埋泵化疗,分别生存3个月、11个月。术后病理诊断为上皮样血管内皮瘤3例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,癌肉瘤1例。结论原发性肝肉瘤依靠病理免疫组化确诊。手术治疗可能是提高患者生存期的主要手段。

消融与手术切除治疗直径2~5 cm肝癌的疗效

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮肝射频消融与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗直径2~5 cm肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性收集2016年1月至2020年12月43例行超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗的患者(射频组)及54例腹腔镜下肝切除术治疗的HCC患者(手术组)的临床资料,比较两组患者术后指标、并发症及1年、3年、5年生存情况以及复发情况。结果:射频组与手术组比较,术后指标血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)以及总胆红素(TBIL)水平更低,术后并发症发生率更低,术后住院时间及总住院时间更短(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1年、3年、5年生存率及复发率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示Child-Pugh分级(P<0.001)为影响HCC患者总生存率的独立危险因素。结论:对于直径2~5 cm肝癌,消融联合其他治疗方案能取得与腹腔镜肝切除术切除相当的治疗效果,并且具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后并发症少、住院时间短、恢复快的优点。