Computed tomography perfusion in differentiating portal hypertension: A correlation study with hepatic venous pressure gradient

BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion parameters with HVPG in PH,and quantitatively assess the blood supply changes in liver and spleen parenchyma before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS Twenty-four PH related gastrointestinal bleeding patients were recruited in this study,and all patients were performed perfusion CT before and after TIPS surgery within 2 wk.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion,including liver blood volume(LBV),liver blood flow(LBF),hepatic arterial fraction(HAF),spleen blood volume(SBV)and spleen blood flow(SBF),were measured and compared before and after TIPS,and the quantitative parameters between clinically significant PH(CSPH)and non-CSPH(NCSPH)group were also compared.Then the correlation of CT perfusion parameters with HVPG were analyzed,with statistical significance as P<0.05.RESULTS For all 24 PH patients after TIPS,CT perfusion parameters demonstrated decreased LBV, increased HAF, SBV and SBF, with no statistical difference in LBF. Compared withNCSPH, CSPH showed higher HAF, with no difference in other CT perfusion parameters. HAFbefore TIPS showed positive correlation with HVPG (r = 0.530, P = 0.008), while no correlation wasfound in other CT perfusion parameters with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CONCLUSIONHAF, an index of CT perfusion, was positive correlation with HVPG, and higher in CSPH thanNCSPH before TIPS. While increased HAF, SBF and SBV, and decreased LBV, were found afterTIPS, which accommodates a potential non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of PH.

Computed tomography perfusion in liver and spleen for hepatitis B virus-related portal hypertension:A correlation study with hepatic venous pressure gradient

BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH).However,its use can be limited because it is an invasive procedure.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a non-invasive method to assess PH.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion of the liver with HVPG and Child-Pugh score in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related PH.METHODS Twenty-eight patients(4 female,24 male)with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding induced by HBV-related PH were recruited in our study.All patients received CT perfusion of the liver before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt(TIPS)therapy.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion of the liver,including liver blood flow(LBF),liver blood volume(LBV),hepatic artery fraction,splenic blood flow and splenic blood volume were measured.HVPG was recorded during TIPS therapy.Correlation of liver perfusion with Child-Pugh score and HVPG were analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed.Based on HVPG(>12 mmHg vs≤12 mmHg),patients were divided into moderate and severe groups,and all parameters were compared.RESULTS Based on HVPG,18 patients were classified into the moderate group and 10 patients were classified into the severe group.The Child-Pugh score,HVPG,LBF and LBV were significantly higher in the moderate group compared to the severe group(all P<0.05).LBF and LBV were negatively associated with HVPG(r=-0.473,P<0.05 and r=-0.503,P<0.01,respectively),whereas splenic blood flow was positively associated with hepatic artery fraction(r=0.434,P<0.05).LBV was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score.Child-Pugh score was not related to HVPG.Using a cutoff value of 17.85 mL/min/100 g for LBV,the sensitivity and specificity of HVPG≥12 mmHg for diagnosis were 80%and 89%,respectively.CONCLUSION LBV and LBF were negatively correlated with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CT perfusion imaging is a potential non-invasive quantitative predictor for PH in HBV-related liver cirrhosis.

A correlation of computed tomography perfusion and histopathology in tumor edges of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： The peripheral morphologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） reflect tumor growth patterns. Computed tomography （CT） perfusion is a new method to analyze hemodynamic changes in tissues. We assessed the relationship between CT perfusion and histopathologic findings in the periphery of HCC lesions. METHODS： Non-contrast CT, enhanced dual-phase CT, and CT perfusion were performed on 77 subjects （47 patients and 30 controls）. Based on the imaging findings of enhanced dual- phase CT, the tumor edges were classified into three types： type Ⅰ （sharp）; type Ⅱ （blurry）; and type Ⅲ （mixed）. The CT perfusion parameters included hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion. The tissue sections from resected specimens were subjected to routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD34. The correlations between microvessel density （MVD） and the CT perfusion parameters were analyzed using Pearson＇s product-moment correlation coefficient. Changes in the perfusion parameters in tumor edges of different tumor types were evaluated. RESULTS： Type Ⅰ （sharp）： the pathologic findings showed fibrous connective tissue capsules in the tumor edges, and an MVD 〈30/ram2. Type Ⅱ （blurry）： the histology showed that the edges were clear with no capsules and an MVD 〉30/ram2. Type Ⅲ （mixed）： the pathology was similar to that of types I and II, and an MVD 〉30/mm~. Hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion were significantly increased in the tumor edges of HCC patients compared to those of the controls （P〈0.05）. The correlation between CT perfusion parameters and MVD was higher in blurry tumor edges of type II than in those of types Ⅰ or Ⅲ. CONCLUSION： CT perfusion imaging of tumor edges may be helpful in revealing histopathological features, and indirectly reflect angiogenic changes of HCCs.

Perfusion characterization of liver metastases from endocrine tumors:Computed tomography perfusion

AIM:To assess prospectively parameters of computed tomography perfusion(CT p) for evaluation of vascularity of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.METHODS:This study was approved by the hospital's institutional review board.All 18 patients provided informed consent.There were 30 liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.Patients were divided into three groups depending on the appearance of the liver metastases at the arterial phase of morphological CT(hyperdense,hypodense and necrotic).Sequential acquisition of the liver was performed before and for 2 min after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg/kg contrast medium,at 4 mL/s.Data were analyzed using deconvolution analysis to calculate blood flow(BF),blood volume(BV),mean transit time(MTT),hepatic arterial perfusion index(HAPI) and a bi-compartmental analysis was performed to obtain vascular permeability-surface area product(PS).Post-treatment analysis was performed by a radiologist and regions of interest were plotted on the metastases,normal liver,aorta and portal vein.RESULTS:At the arterial phase of the morphological CT scan,the aspects of liver metastases were hyperdense(n=21),hypodense(n=7),and necrotic(n=2).In cases of necrotic metastases,none of the CT p parameters were changed.Compared to normal liver,a significant difference in all CT p parameters was found in cases of hyperdense metastases,and only for HAPI and MTT in cases of hypodense metastases.No significant difference was found for MTT and HAPI between hypo-and hyperdense metastases.A significant decrease of PS,BV and BF was demonstrated in cases of patients with hypodense lesions PS(23±11.6 mL/100 g per minute) compared to patients with hyperdense lesions;PS(13.5±10.4 mL/100 g per minute),BF(93.7±75.4 vs 196.0±115.6mL/100 g per minute) and BV(9.7±5.9 vs 24.5 10.9 mL/100 g).CONCLUSION:CT p provides additional information compared to the morphological appearance of liver metastases.

CT perfusion at early stage of hepatic diffuse disease

AIM: To determine the validity of the non-invasive method of CT perfusion (CTP) in rat model of hepatic diffuse disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Liver diffuse lesions were induced by dietthylnitrosamine in 14 rats of test group. Rats in control groupwere bred with pure water. From the 1st to 12th wk after the test group was intervened, both groups were studied every week with CTP. CTP parameters of liver parenchymain different periods and pathologic changes in two groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS: The process of hepatic diffuse lesions in test groups was dassified into three stages or periods according to the pathologic alterations, namely hepattitis, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. During this period, hepatic artery flow (HAF)of control group declined slightly, mean transit time (MTT),blood flow (BF) and volume (BV) increased, but there wereno significant differences between different periods. Tntest group, HAF tended to increase gradually, MTT prolonged obviously, BV and BF decreased at the same time. The results of statistical analysis revealed that the difference in the HAF ratio of test group to control group was significant.The ratio of BV and BF in test group to control group in stageof hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis was significantly different, but there was no significant difference between hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The main pathological changes in stage of hepatitis were swelling of hepatic cells, while sinusoid capillarization and deposition of collagen aggravated gradually in the extravascular Disse's spaces in stage of fibrosis and early stage of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION: The technique could reflect some early changes of hepatic blood perfusion in rat with liver diffuse disease and is valuable for their early diagnosis.

Evaluation of the dual vascular supply patterns in ground-glass nodules with a dynamic volume computed tomography

BACKGROUND In recent years,the detection rate of ground-glass nodules(GGNs)has been improved dramatically due to the popularization of low-dose computed tomography(CT)screening with high-resolution CT technique.This presents challenges for the characterization and management of the GGNs,which depends on a thorough investigation and sufficient diagnostic knowledge of the GGNs.In most diagnostic studies of the GGNs,morphological manifestations are used to differentiate benignancy and malignancy.In contrast,few studies are dedicated to the assessment of the hemodynamics,i.e.,perfusion parameters of the GGNs.AIM To assess the dual vascular supply patterns of GGNs on different histopathology and opacities.METHODS Forty-seven GGNs from 47 patients were prospectively included and underwent the dynamic volume CT.Histopathologic diagnoses were obtained within two weeks after the CT examination.Blood flow from the bronchial artery[bronchial flow(BF)]and pulmonary artery[pulmonary flow(PF)]as well as the perfusion index(PI)=[PF/(PF+BF)]were obtained using first-pass dual-input CT perfusion analysis and compared respectively between different histopathology and lesion types(pure or mixed GGNs)and correlated with the attenuation values of the lesions using one-way ANOVA,student’s t test and Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS Of the 47 GGNs(mean diameter,8.17 mm;range,5.3-12.7 mm),30(64%)were carcinoma,6(13%)were atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and 11(23%)were organizing pneumonia.All perfusion parameters(BF,PF and PI)demonstrated no significant difference among the three conditions(all P>0.05).The PFs were higher than the BFs in all the three conditions(all P<0.001).Of the 30 GGN carcinomas,14 showed mixed GGNs and 16 pure GGNs with a higher PI in the latter(P<0.01).Of the 17 benign GGNs,4 showed mixed GGNs and 13 pure GGNs with no significant difference of the PI between the GGN types(P=0.21).A negative correlation(r=-0.76,P<0.001)was demonstrated between the CT attenuation values and the PIs in the 30 GGN carcinomas.CONCLUSION The GGNs are perfused dominantly by the PF regardless of its histopathology while the weight of the BF in the GGN carcinomas increases gradually during the progress of its opacification.

Application of CT Perfusion Imaging Technology in the Diagnosis of Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis

Images obtained via computer tomography perfusion(CTP) technology, a non-invasive functional imaging method, can reflect the hemodynamic status and function of the liver. Images obtained via CTP imaging technology can be quantitatively analyzed. The fundamentals, examination, and analysis of CTP images are reviewed in this paper. In addition, this paper provides a review of normal liver CTP imaging, CTP research status, and future developments in the CTP imaging of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.

Perfusion CT findings in liver of patients with tumor during chemotherapy

AIM: To investigate the microcirculation changes in liver of patients with tumor during chemotherapy by perfusion computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Sixty patients with tumor and 20 controls were enrolled in this study. Perfusion CT parameters of patients and controls were compared, including hepatic perfusion index (HPI), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability-surface area product (PS). Correlation between perfusion CT parameters, treatment cycle and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was studied. RESULTS: No difference was found in HPI (25.68% ± 7.38% vs 26.82% ± 5.13%), MTT (19.67 ± 5.68 s vs21.70 ± 5.43 s) and PS (17.00 ± 4.56 mL/100 mL per min vs 19.92 ± 6.35 mL/100 mL per min) between pa- tients and controls. The HPI and MTT were significantly higher in patients undergoing 2 cycles of chemotherapy than in controls and those undergoing 1 cycle of che- motherapy (29.76% ± 5.87% vs 25.68% ± 7.38% and 25.35% ± 4.05%, and 25.61 ± 5.01 s vs 19.67 ± 5.68 s and 19.74 ± 4.54 s, respectively, P < 0.05). The HPI was higher in patients with hepatic steatosis than in controls and those without hepatic steatosis (30.85% ± 6.17% vs 25.68% ± 7.38% and 25.70% ± 4.24%, P < 0.05). Treatment cycle was well correlated with HPI and MTT (r = 0.40, r = 0.50, P < 0.01). ALT level was not correlated with perfusion CT parameters. CONCLUSION: HPI and MTT are significantly increased in patients with tumor during chemotherapy and well correlated with treatment cycle. Chemotherapy affects hepatic microcirculation in patients with tumor. Changes in hepatic microcirculation can be quantitatively assessed by perfusion CT.

CT Perfusion Imaging Predicts One-Month Outcome in Patients with Acute Spontaneous Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Purpose: Little is known about the relationship between perihematomal perfusion parameters in acute spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients and recent outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the perfusion parameters of the perihematomal brain tissue and the recent prognosis of patients with acute spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (shICH) using CT perfusion (CTP) imaging. Methods: Twenty-six patients with clinical and CT diagnosed supratentorial shICH received CTP scanning within 8 - 19 h after symptom onset. At the maximum levels of the hematoma, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) of perihematomal area (isodense within 1cm rim of perilesion area on plain CT) and contralateral mirrored hemisphere were measured, and rCBF, rCBV, rMTT were calculated (ipsilateral/contralateral). The one-month follow-up in accordance with daily living table (Barthel index, BI) by telephone was recorded. Results: The CBV, CBF, and MTT values of perihematoma area were (1.61 ± 1.53) ml·100 g-1, (16.48 ± 12.58) ml·100 g-1·min-1, and (9.12 ± 2.57) s, respectively. (For more information,please refer to the PDF)

Subtraction Perfusion CT: A Technical Note

It is challenging to attempt to obtain CT perfusion (CTP) images of the hyperdense tissues, which could conceal the density of contrast material during perfusion study. We report a new technique of subtraction CTP (SCTP) to compensate the shortcomings. SCTP post-processed by perfusion software for the data of post-perfusion images subtracting pre-perfusion corresponding images slice by slice in CTP source images is technically feasible without any adverse effects on patients. It provides a new functional imaging with quantitatively hemodynamic indexes of tissue microcirculation and reflects accurately the change of blood flow in tissues and organs.

Liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection:A comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging features

During the first wave of the pandemic,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection has been considered mainly as a pulmonary infection.However,different clinical and radiological manifestations were observed over time,including involvement of abdominal organs.Nowadays,the liver is considered one of the main affected abdominal organs.Hepatic involvement may be caused by either a direct damage by the virus or an indirect damage related to COVID-19 induced thrombosis or to the use of different drugs.After clinical assessment,radiology plays a key role in the evaluation of liver involvement.Ultrasonography(US),computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)may be used to evaluate liver involvement.US is widely available and it is considered the first-line technique to assess liver involvement in COVID-19 infection,in particular liver steatosis and portal-vein thrombosis.CT and MRI are used as second-and third-line techniques,respectively,considering their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to US for assessment of both parenchyma and vascularization.This review aims to the spectrum of COVID-19 liver involvement and the most common imaging features of COVID-19 liver damage.

肝脏CT灌注成像技术及其在肝硬化中的初步应用

目的 采用单层CT动态成像测定肝脏血流量 ,探讨CT灌注成像测定肝血流量的技术原理。资料与方法 15例经临床及实验室、B超检查诊断为肝硬化患者 ,其中ChildB级者 10例 ,ChildC级者 5例。对照组为 13例无肝脏疾病者。所有患者均选取同时含有肝脏、脾脏、主动脉和门静脉的层面进行单层CT动态增强扫描 ,绘制感兴趣区时间 密度曲线计算肝脏血流量各参数。结果 正常组肝动脉灌注量 (HAP)为 0 .2 82 3± 0 .0 96 9ml·min-1·ml-1,门静脉灌注量 (PVP)为 (1.1788± 0 .4 0 0 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1,总肝血流量 (THBF)为 (1.4 5 6 3± 0 .4 4 39)ml·min-1·ml-1,肝动脉灌注指数 (HPI)为 (19.73± 5 .81) %。肝硬化时PVP为 (0 .6 12 1± 0 .2 5 4 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1,较正常组降低 ;THBF也减低 ,为 (0 .84 2 6± 0 .32 4 2 )ml·min-1·ml-1。肝硬化患者的HPI较正常组略有升高 ,为 (2 7.16±12 .75 ) % ,但无统计学差异 (P =0 .0 6 5 )。

第二代双源CT对肝脏八段灌注成像的特点

目的采用第2代双源CT灌注方法探讨肝脏灌注成像中各肝段的血流灌注特征。方法 15例低血糖查因的患者行第2代双源CT腹部灌注扫描,得到肝脏灌注图像,经肝脏灌注软件处理后分别测量肝脏各段的肝动脉灌注量、门静脉灌注量、肝脏灌注指数,分析肝脏各段间血流灌注的差异。结果肝脏Ⅲ、Ⅳ段肝动脉灌注量与肝脏Ⅴ～Ⅷ段差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝脏Ⅱ段门静脉灌注量与肝脏Ⅵ、Ⅶ段差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝脏Ⅲ段门静脉灌注量与肝脏Ⅴ～Ⅷ段差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝脏Ⅲ段肝动脉灌注指数与肝脏Ⅴ～Ⅷ段差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论第2代双源CT大螺距往复扫描模式可用于评价全肝各段血流灌注情况,肝脏各段间血流灌注存在一定差异,可能与肝脏血管解剖特点及检查体位有关,其临床意义有待于进一步研究。

用CT灌注成像对肝炎后肝硬化基础上原发性肝癌血流动力学的研究

目的应用CT灌注成像研究肝炎后肝硬化演变过程中的原发性肝癌血流动力学变化规律。方法肝炎肝纤维化伴原发性肝癌或肝炎后肝硬化伴原发性肝癌患者32例,进行同层动态扫描,测量出肝脏实质与原发性肝细胞癌实体部分的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)、肝动脉灌注分数(HAF)、IRF到达时间(IRFTO)等灌注指标,每个指标均应用配对t检验,分别对肝脏实质与原发性肝癌进行统计学比较。结果与肝脏实质比较,原发性肝癌的BF、BV、PS、HAF值升高,MTT、IRFTO值则下降(P<0.05)。结论在肝炎后肝硬化演变过程中,原发性肝癌有着不同于其本底基础的显著的血流动力学变化。

肝泡球蚴病边缘区域CT灌注成像与组织病理对照研究

目的:应用CT灌注技术观察肝泡球蚴病(HAE)的影像特征,并分析病灶边缘区域CT灌注参数与组织病理学指标的关系,探讨CT灌注在评价HAE边缘区域血流状态的应用价值。方法:28例HAE患者行肝脏CT灌注检查,获得病灶中心、病灶边缘区域及周围肝脏组织的各项灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)、肝动脉灌流分数(HAF)、肝动脉灌流量(HAP)及门静脉灌流量(PVP);其中17例患者手术治疗,观察新鲜手术标本后取病灶边缘区域HE染色和免疫组化测定微血管密度(MVD),分析CT灌注各项参数与MVD的相关性。结果:28例中选取独立HAE病灶31个,测得病灶中心、病灶边缘区域及周围肝脏组织的各项灌注参数的均值之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中病灶边缘区域组与周围肝脏组织组的BF、MTT、PS、HAP、PVP参数间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BV、HAF参数间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);17例术后病灶边缘区域CT灌注参数BF、HAF、HAP与MVD呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:HAE病灶与周围肝组织间存在边缘浸润带,该区域血流灌注高于病灶内部及周围肝脏组织,CT灌注成像可以反映这一区域的血流状态及病灶的浸润范围,具有较高的临床应用价值。

肝炎后肝硬化继发肝癌患者小肝癌病灶320排CT灌注成像HAP、HPI、HPP变化及其临床意义

目的观察肝炎后肝硬化继发原发性肝癌患者小肝癌病灶320排CT灌注成像肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(HPP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法对20例肝炎后肝硬化继发原发性肝癌患者行320排CT肝脏动态容积灌注扫描,获得肿瘤组织及肝硬化组织的CT灌注值HAP、HPP、HPI。结果小肝癌病灶的HAP为(85.42±23.29)mL/(min·100 mL),HPP为(83.71±28.28)mL/(min·100 mL),HPI为(54.99±13.15)%;肝硬化组织的HAP为(26.88±10.02)mL/(min·100 mL),HPP为(158.99±23.80)mL/(min·100 mL),HPI为(15.57±5.95)%。小肝癌病灶和肝硬化组织HAP、HPI、HPP相比P均<0.05。结论与肝硬化组织比较,小肝癌病灶320排CT灌注成像HAP、HPI升高,HPP降低。320排CT灌注成像HAP、HPI、HPP有助于辅助诊断小肝癌。

CT灌注成像评价单侧颈动脉闭塞脑血流动力学与侧支代偿方式

目的探讨CT灌注成像(CTP)联合DSA评估单侧颈动脉闭塞(CAO)患者侧支代偿方式对脑血流动力学状态影响的价值。方法根据DSA结果将38例患者按不同侧支代偿方式分为两组:单纯初级侧支代偿组(n=14,Ⅰ组)和次级侧支代偿或初级和次级侧支共同代偿组(n=24,Ⅱ组),分别计算两组患者闭塞侧与对侧CTP参数的均值(CBF、CBV、TTP)和相对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rTTP)。比较两组患者闭塞侧与对侧及组间血流动力学差异。结果第Ⅰ组患者闭塞侧与对侧相比仅TTP值延长(t=7.54,P<0.01);第Ⅱ组患者闭塞侧CBV和TTP值较对侧增大(t=5.49、10.70,P均<0.01)。两组rCBF差异无统计学意义(Z=0.68,P=0.494),rCBV与rTTP差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.32、4.50,P均<0.05)。结论 CTP联合DSA可全面评价CAO患者脑血流动力学损伤情况以及不同侧支代偿方式脑血流动力学的差异。

应用全肝CT灌注技术评价原发性肝癌血流灌注特点及其相关因素分析

目的:应用全肝CT灌注技术探讨肝癌组织及瘤周组织血流灌注特点及其相关因素。方法:采用全肝CT灌注技术对56例原发性肝癌病例进行扫描,对扫描结束获得的多时相动态增强扫描图像应用最大斜率法的数学模型进行后处理,可以获得肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)等灌注参数。在动态增强扫描图像中选择肿瘤最大直径平面,测量肿瘤直径(D)及坏死直径(d),计算肿瘤坏死程度指标R(R=d/D×100%)。在肿瘤最大直径平面,分别选择肿瘤组织、肿瘤周缘1-2cm区域、远离肿瘤组织的无瘤区域划定感兴趣区,分别测量瘤体、瘤周及无瘤区域的HAP、HPI。分析肿瘤瘤内灌注参数与瘤体坏死程度的相关性及瘤体直径、瘤体坏死与瘤周组织灌注值的相关性。结果:原发性肝癌瘤内HAP、HPI分别高于无瘤组织,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。瘤体HAP与瘤体坏死程度呈显著负相关(r=-0.721,P<0.05),而HPI与瘤体坏死程度无相关性(P=0.244)。原发性肝癌瘤周组织HAP、HPI分别高于无瘤组织,其统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径与瘤周组织HAP、HPI成正相关(r=0.489、0.544,P<0.05),且与肿瘤坏死因素有协同作用。结论:全肝CT灌注技术通过灌注参数可以全面反映原发性肝癌瘤体及瘤周血流灌注情况,并且可以体现瘤体直径、瘤体坏死程度对瘤周血流灌注的影响情况。

肝脏CT灌注成像在肝癌早期诊断中的价值

目的:通过对比不同大小肝癌病灶以及小肝癌病灶与肝硬化实质间的灌注差异,探讨肝脏CT灌注成像在肝癌早期诊断中的价值。方法:对59例肝癌患者(合并肝硬化30例)的59个病灶及周围肝实质行肝脏MSCT灌注扫描。测量肝癌病灶和硬化肝实质的CT灌注值包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、肝动脉分数(HAF),平均通过时间(MTT)、血管表面通透性(PS)和对比剂到达时间,并获得相应的灌注伪彩图。结果:不同大小肝癌病灶间各灌注值的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。59个病灶中≤3cm病灶14个,其血流量、血容量及肝动脉分数值均明显高于肝硬化实质(P<0.05),接受者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积分别为0.757、0.848和0.969;其它的灌注值在两者间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:肝脏CT灌注成像有助于在肝硬化实质中检出早期肝癌,尤其是肝动脉分数的测定,当临界值设定为0.308时,敏感度和特异度可分别达到100%和90%。

原发性肝癌320排容积CT灌注参数值与肿瘤体积及肝功能Child-Pugh分级的相关性

目的探讨原发性肝癌320排容积CT全肿瘤灌注参数值与肿瘤体积、瘤周肝组织灌注参数值的关系,并分析其与肝脏Child-Pugh分级的相关性。方法选择2013年1月至2015年1月于郑州大学第一附属医院行320排容积CT灌注成像的原发性肝癌患者47例,根据全肿瘤测量法计算肿瘤体积及瘤体、瘤周肝组织的肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HAPI),分析瘤体各灌注参数值与肿瘤体积及肝功能Child-Pugh分级的关系。结果肿瘤体积与全肿瘤灌注参数值、瘤周灌注参数值无相关性(P>0.05),全肿瘤灌注参数值与瘤周灌注参数值无相关性(P>0.05)。不同肝功能Child-Pugh分级患者的全肿瘤灌注参数值HAP、PVP及HAPI比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着肝功能Child-Pugh分级的增加,瘤体HAP及HAPI逐渐增加,而PVP逐渐减小(P<0.05)。结论原发性肝癌瘤体体积与全肿瘤灌注参数值、瘤周灌注参数值无相关性,全肿瘤灌注参数值与瘤周灌注参数值无相关性;不同肝脏Child-Pugh分级间的各灌注参数值存在差异,全肿瘤测量法获得的灌注参数值可作为反应肝脏储备功能的影像学指标。