Assessment of the hepatic microvascular changes in liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography

AIM： TO assess the hepatic microvascular parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography （CT）. METHODS： Perfusion CT was performed in 29 patients without liver disease （control subjects） and 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 22 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 17 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, proved by clinical and laboratory parameters. CT cine-scans were obtained over 50 s beginning with the injection of 50 mL of contrast agent. Hepatic microvascular parameters, mean transit time （MTT） and permeability surface area product （PS） were obtained with the Perfusion 3 software （General Electric, ADW 4.2）. RESULTS： The overall differences of MTT and PS between control subjects, patients with compensated cirrhosis and those with decompensated cirrhosis were statistically significant （P = 0.010 and P = 0.002, respectively）. MTT values were 15.613 ± 4.1746 s, 12.592 ± 4.7518 s, and 11.721 ± 4.5681 s for the three groups, respectively, while PS were 18.945 ± 7.2347 mL/min per 100 mL, 22.767 ± 8.3936 mL/min per 100 mL, and 28.735 ± 13.0654 mL/min per 100 mL. MTT in decompensated cirrhotic patients were significantly decreased compared to controls （P = 0.017）, whereas PS values were remarkably increased （P = 0.001）.CONCLUSION： The hepatic microvascular changes in patients with liver cirrhosis can be quantitatively assessed by perfusion CT. Hepatic microvascular parameters （MTr and PS）, as measured by perfusion CT, were significantly altered in decompensated cirrhosis.

Clinical review and literature analysis of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis.This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis,and analyzed the literature,in order to improve the understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver.Based on the patient’s history,laboratory examinations,and imaging examinations,a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed.Postoperative pathology showed HEA.During outpatient follow-up,the patient showed no sign of recurrence.CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery.HEA has the poten-tial for malignant degeneration.If conditions permit,surgical treatment is recom-mended.

Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia in children:Imaging features on multi-slice computed tomography

AIM:To retrospectively analyze the imaging features of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) in children on dynamic contrast-enhanced multi-slice computed tomography(MSCT) and computed tomography angiography(CTA) images.METHODS:From September 1999 to April 2012,a total of 218 cases of hepatic FNH were confirmed by either surgical resection or biopsy in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Cancer center of Sun Yat-sen University,including 12 cases(5.5%) of FNH in children(age ≤ 18 years old).All the 12 pediatric patients underwent MSCT.We retrospectively analyzed the imaging features of FNH lesions,including the number,location,size,margin,density of FNH demonstrated on pre-contrast and contrastenhanced computed tomography(CT) scanning,central scar,fibrous septa,pseudocapsule,the morphology of the feeding arteries and the presence of draining vessels(portal vein or hepatic vein).RESULTS:All the 12 pediatric cases of FNH had solitary lesion.The maximum diameter of the lesions was 4.0-12.9 cm,with an average diameter of 5.5 ± 2.5 cm.The majority of the FNH lesions(10/12,83.3%) had well-defined margins.Central scar(10/12,83.3%) and fibrous septa(11/12,91.7%) were commonly found in children with FNH.Central scar was either isodense(n = 7) or hypodense(n = 3) on pre-contrast CT images and showed progressive enhancement in 8 cases in the equilibrium phase.Fibrous septa were linear hypodense areas in the arterial phase and isodense in the portal and equilibrium phases.Pseudocapsule was very rare(1/12,8.3%) in pediatric FNH.With the exception of central scars and fibrous septa within the lesions,all 12 cases of pediatric FNH were homogenously enhanced on the contrast-enhanced CT images,significantly hyperdense in the arterial phase(12/12,100.0%),and isodense in the portal venous phase(7/12,58.3%) and equilibrium phase(11/12,91.7%).Central feeding arteries inside the tumors were observed on CTA images for all 12 cases of FNH,whereas no neovascularization of malignant tumors was noted.In 9 cases(75.0%),there was a spoke-wheel shaped centrifugal blood supply inside the tumors.The draining hepatic vein was detected in 8 cases of pediatric FNH.However,the draining vessels in the other 4 cases could not be detected.No associated hepatic adenoma or hemangioma was observed in the livers of the 12 pediatric cases.CONCLUSION:The characteristic imaging appearances of MSCT and CTA may reflect the pathological and hemodynamic features of pediatric FNH.Dynamic multi-phase MSCT and CTA imaging is an effective method for diagnosing FNH in children.

Computed tomography perfusion in liver and spleen for hepatitis B virus-related portal hypertension:A correlation study with hepatic venous pressure gradient

BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH).However,its use can be limited because it is an invasive procedure.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a non-invasive method to assess PH.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion of the liver with HVPG and Child-Pugh score in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related PH.METHODS Twenty-eight patients(4 female,24 male)with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding induced by HBV-related PH were recruited in our study.All patients received CT perfusion of the liver before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt(TIPS)therapy.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion of the liver,including liver blood flow(LBF),liver blood volume(LBV),hepatic artery fraction,splenic blood flow and splenic blood volume were measured.HVPG was recorded during TIPS therapy.Correlation of liver perfusion with Child-Pugh score and HVPG were analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed.Based on HVPG(>12 mmHg vs≤12 mmHg),patients were divided into moderate and severe groups,and all parameters were compared.RESULTS Based on HVPG,18 patients were classified into the moderate group and 10 patients were classified into the severe group.The Child-Pugh score,HVPG,LBF and LBV were significantly higher in the moderate group compared to the severe group(all P<0.05).LBF and LBV were negatively associated with HVPG(r=-0.473,P<0.05 and r=-0.503,P<0.01,respectively),whereas splenic blood flow was positively associated with hepatic artery fraction(r=0.434,P<0.05).LBV was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score.Child-Pugh score was not related to HVPG.Using a cutoff value of 17.85 mL/min/100 g for LBV,the sensitivity and specificity of HVPG≥12 mmHg for diagnosis were 80%and 89%,respectively.CONCLUSION LBV and LBF were negatively correlated with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CT perfusion imaging is a potential non-invasive quantitative predictor for PH in HBV-related liver cirrhosis.

Values of high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in managements of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

AIM:To investigate pulmonary involvement via pulmonary function tests (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomocjraphy (HRCT) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS:Thirty-four patients with chronic HCV infection without diagnosis of any pulmonary diseases and 10 healthy cases were enrolled in the study,PFT and HRCT were performed in all cases. RESULTS:A decrease lower than 80% of the predicted value was detected in vital capacity in 9/34 patients,in forced expiratory volume in one second in 8/34 patients,and in forced expiratory flow 25-75 in 15/34 patients,respectively.Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) was decreased in 26/34 patients.Findings of interstitial pulmonary involvement were detected in the HRCT of 16/34 patients.Significant difference was found between controls and patients with HCV infection in findings of HRCT (X^2=4.7,P=0.003).Knodell histological activity index (KHAI) of 28/34 patients in whom liver biopsy was applied was 9.0±4.7.HRCT findings,PFT values and DLCO were not affected by KHAI in patients with HCV infection.In these patients,all the parameters were related with age. CONCLUSION:We suggest that chronic hepatitis C virus infection may cause pulmonary interstitial involvement without evident respiratory symptoms.

Assessment of hepatic functional reserve by cirrhosis grading and liver volume measurement using CT

AIM： To explore a method for quantitative assessment of hepatic functional reserve by combining computed tomography （CT） volumetry with CT grading of liver cirrhosis before liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS： CT images of 55 patients undergoing liver resection were studied prospectively. The degree of liver cirrhosis was referred as ＂CT grade＂ and the percentage of remnant liver volume （PRLV） [PRLV = predicted RLV/predicted total liver volume （PTLV） × 100%; PTLV （mL） = 121.75 ＋ 16.49 × body mass （kg）] were calculated by adding slice by slice of CT liver images. The postoperative RLV, pathologic stages of liver fibrosis in non-tumor area and survival time in these cases were analyzed. RESULTS： There was a significant difference in survival time between the group with PRLV ≤ 50% and the group with PRLV 〉 50% （X^2= 4.988, P = 0.026）, and between the group with CT grade 0/1 and the group with CT grade 2/3 （X^2= 5.429, P = 0.026）. With combination of the both parameters, an oblique line was identified according to the distribution of 32 survivors versus 23 deceased subjects. The mortality rate above the line was 7.1% （1/14）, and that below the line was 53.7% （22/41）, indicating a significant difference between the two rates （X^2 = 9.281, P = 0.002, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： PRLV and CT grades are significantly correlated with hepatic functional reserve. The predicted line using these two parameters is useful in candidates undergoing liver resection for judging hepatic functional reserve.

Correlation between hepatic blood flow and liver function in alcoholic liver cirrhosis

AIM: To elucidate the correlation between hepatic blood flow and liver function in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AL-LC).

Application of CT Perfusion Imaging Technology in the Diagnosis of Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis

Images obtained via computer tomography perfusion(CTP) technology, a non-invasive functional imaging method, can reflect the hemodynamic status and function of the liver. Images obtained via CTP imaging technology can be quantitatively analyzed. The fundamentals, examination, and analysis of CTP images are reviewed in this paper. In addition, this paper provides a review of normal liver CTP imaging, CTP research status, and future developments in the CTP imaging of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.

Dynamic CT features of hepatic abscesses

Objective: To investigate the features of hepatic abscess by dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Methods : CT films of 62 cases of hepatic abscesses were reviewed retrospectively. All the patients underwent both plain and enhanced CT scanning, and 23 of them received dynamic CT examination. Results: The dynamic CT appearance of hepatic abscesses was characterized by: ① In the early phase (30 s), abscess membrane enhanced obviously and the liver parenchyma surrounding the abscesses enhanced transiently; ② In the late phase (60-90 s) , the enhancement patterns of the abscesses varied from the ring enhancement of the abscess membrane to the irregular enhancement of the abscess; ③ In the delayed phase, the enhancement of abscess diminished in which the hypodense ring enhanced and became isodense, or the abscess enhanced diffusely and became smaller, the colliquative necrosis area more obvious. Conclusion: Contrast enhanced CT should be used routinely in the evaluation of hepatic abscesses. The dynamic and delayed scan is necessary to diagnose atypical hepatic abscesses.

CT perfusion at early stage of hepatic diffuse disease

AIM: To determine the validity of the non-invasive method of CT perfusion (CTP) in rat model of hepatic diffuse disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Liver diffuse lesions were induced by diethyln-itrosamine in 14 rats of test group. Rats in control group were bred with pure water. From the 1st to 12th wk after the test group was intervened, both groups were studied every week with CTP. CTP parameters of liver parenchyma in different periods and pathologic changes in two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The process of hepatic diffuse lesions in test groups was classified into three stages or periods according to the pathologic alterations, namely hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. During this period, hepatic artery flow (HAF) of control group declined slightly, mean transit time (MTT), blood flow (BF) and volume (BV) increased, but there were no significant differences between different periods. In test group, HAF tended to increase gradually, MTT prolonged obviously, BV and BF decreased at the same time. The results of statistical analysis revealed that the difference in the HAF ratio of test group to control group was significant. The ratio of BV and BF in test group to control group in stage of hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis was significantly different, but there was no significant difference between hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The main pathological changes in stage of hepatitis were swelling of hepatic cells, while sinusoid capillarization and deposition of collagen aggravated gradually in the extravascular Disse's spaces in stage of fibrosis and early stage of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The technique could reflect some early changes of hepatic blood perfusion in rat with liver diffuse disease and is valuable for their early diagnosis.

Progression of hepatic hyperperfusion disorders revealed during follow-up CT scan of digestive system neoplasm

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate progression of hepatic hyperperfusion disorders revealed during follow-up contrast material-enhanced multi-slice spiral computed tomography （MSCT） scan of digestive system neoplasm. Methods： Three-phase contrast material-enhanced MSCT were performed during the follow-up in patients with digestive system malignant tumor confirmed histologically. The progression of hepatic hyperperfusion disorders revealed on contrast material-enhanced CT image were investigated at the 2 years follow-up with approximately 6 months interval. Results： The hepatic hyperperfusion disorders were showed in 39 patients on follow-up contrast material-enhanced MSCT scans. Among the 39 patients, initial hyperperfusion disorders were revealed in 6 （15.38%）, 26 （66.67%）, and 7 （17.95%） patients in 6, 12, and 18 months during follow-up respectively. The initial hyperperfusion disorders revealed in 12 months were more frequent than those revealed in 6 months （X2 = 14.82, P 〈 0.05） and 18 months （X2 = 15.02, P 〈 0.05）. Among the 39 patients, the hyperperfusion disorders progressed into liver metastasis based on typical CT findings in 37 （94.87%） patients, and were not obvious changes in 2 （5.13%） patients. Among the 37 patients, the hyperperfusion disorders progressed into metastasis in 10 （25.64%） patients in 6 months after the hyperperfusion disorders were revealed, and in 27（69.23%） patients in 12 months. The hyperperfusion disorders developing into metastasis were more in 12 months than those in 6 months （X2= 14.98, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Most hepatic hyperperfusion disorders revealed at the follow-up of digestive system neoplasm may be early manifestations of liver metastasis. The careful follow-up of hepatic hyperperfusion disorders is necessary.

Imaging findings of primary hepatic leiomyoma

Objective： To investigate the imaging features of primary hepatic leiomyoma. Methods： 3 patients of primary hepatic leiomyoma confirmed by pathology without immunodeficiency were retrospectively analyzed about CT and MRI findings, clinical and pathological correlation. 2 cases had routine CT scan, 2 cases had routine MRI. Results： 2 case CT scans showed low-density lesions, 2 cases MRI showed lesions with long T1 and long T2 signal. One case of uniform density and signal showed homogeneous enhancement; two cases showed uneven density and signal, of which one case was inhomogeneous enhancement. 3 cases presented pseudocapsule without hepatic cirrhosis and venous tumor thrombus. Pathology showed spindle tumor cell proliferation and capillary hyperplasia; one case showed central hyalinization and one case central liquefaction necrosis. Conclusion： Primary hepatic leiomyoma is a hypervascular tumor, and CT and MRI help in the diagnosis.

Giant Hepatic Regenerative Nodule in a Patient With Hepatitis B Virus-related Cirrhosis

Hepatic regenerative nodules are reactive hepatocellular proliferations that develop in response to liver injury.Giant hepatic regenerative nodules of 10 cm or more are extremely rare and have only been reported in patients with biliary atresia or Alagille syndrome.A 50-year-old man presented with a pathologically confirmed giant 11.3×9.4×11.2 cm hepatic regenerative nodule and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis.Imaging of intrahepatic nodule included mild hyperenhancement in the portal phase of contrast-enhanced CT and the hepatobiliary phase in the gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI scan,as well as the portal vein crossing through sign in the setting of liver cirrhosis.This case highlights the imaging characteristics of giant hepatic regenerative nodules in hepatitis cirrhosis.

Radiographical findings in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy

Background and aims:Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis.Hepatic encephalopathy is not reflected in the current liver transplant allocation system.Correlation was sought between hepatic encephalopathy with findings detected on radiographic imaging studies and the patient’s clinical profile.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with cirrhosis,who presented for liver transplant evaluation in 2009 and 2010.Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,ejection fraction less than 60%and who had a TIPS(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting)procedure or who did not complete the evaluation were excluded.Statistical analysis was performed and variables found to be significant on univariate analysis(P<0.05)were analysed by a multivariate logistic regression model.Results:A total of 117 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into a hepatic encephalopathy group(n=58)and a control group(n=59).Univariate analysis found that a smaller portal vein diameter,smaller liver antero-posterior diameter,liver nodularity and use of diuretics or centrally acting medications showed significant correlation with hepatic encephalopathy.This association was confirmed for smaller portal vein,use of diuretics and centrally acting medications in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion:A decrease in portal vein diameter was associated with increased risk of encephalopathy.Identifying patients with smaller portal vein diameter may warrant screening for encephalopathy by more advanced psychometric testing,and more aggressive control of constipation and other factors that may precipitate encephalopathy.

MRI多b值成像联合64排螺旋CT在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节诊断中的价值

目的分析磁共振成像(MRI)多b值成像联合64排螺旋计算机断层扫描(CT)在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节诊断中的价值。方法将2020年3月—2022年7月南通市第二人民医院收治的69例乙型肝炎肝硬化占位性病变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,以病理诊断结果分成对照组(n=24,肝脏癌变结节)与研究组(n=45,肝脏再生结节)。所有患者均接受MRI多b值成像检查、64排螺旋CT检查,对比两组患者一般资料,对比两组患者门静脉、主动脉不同期扫描的CT值,对比两组患者肝实质不同期扫描的CT值,以病理诊断为金标准,分析64排螺旋CT检查及MRI多b值成像检查与病理诊断结果间的一致性,制作受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),采用曲线下面积(AUC)评价MRI多b值成像检查、64排螺旋CT检查及二者联合对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节的诊断价值。结果病理结果显示,对照组中共检出37个癌变结节,研究组中共检出98个再生结节。两组性别、年龄、肝硬化朔伊尔分期及结节直径对比无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究组门静脉的延迟期、动脉期扫描的CT值比对照组高(P<0.05)。研究组主动脉的门脉期、动脉期扫描的CT值比对照组高(P<0.05)。研究组肝实质的动脉期、门脉期及延迟期扫描的CT值高于对照组(P<0.05)。MRI多b值成像检查、64排螺旋CT检查及二者联合诊断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节与病理诊断的Kappa值分别为0.821、0.758、0.897,具有较好的一致性(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,MRI多b值成像检查、64排螺旋CT检查及二者联合诊断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节的AUC值分别为0.792、0.739、0.942(P<0.05)。结论MRI多b值成像联合64排螺旋CT在诊断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏再生结节价值更高。

用CT灌注成像对肝炎后肝硬化基础上原发性肝癌血流动力学的研究

目的应用CT灌注成像研究肝炎后肝硬化演变过程中的原发性肝癌血流动力学变化规律。方法肝炎肝纤维化伴原发性肝癌或肝炎后肝硬化伴原发性肝癌患者32例,进行同层动态扫描,测量出肝脏实质与原发性肝细胞癌实体部分的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)、肝动脉灌注分数(HAF)、IRF到达时间(IRFTO)等灌注指标,每个指标均应用配对t检验,分别对肝脏实质与原发性肝癌进行统计学比较。结果与肝脏实质比较,原发性肝癌的BF、BV、PS、HAF值升高,MTT、IRFTO值则下降(P<0.05)。结论在肝炎后肝硬化演变过程中,原发性肝癌有着不同于其本底基础的显著的血流动力学变化。

磁共振成像与多排探测器CT对乙型肝炎肝硬化背景上小肝癌诊断价值的比较研究

目的:比较综合磁共振成像(MRI,1.5T或3T)多种序列与多排探测器CT(multidetector CT,MDCT,16或64层)动态增强扫描对乙型肝炎肝硬化背景上小肝癌(SHCC)的诊断价值。方法:纳入1个月内接受腹部MDCT与MRI检查且发现肝脏局灶性病变的21例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者(男18例、女3例,年龄44～74岁,共计29个病灶),病灶最终确诊方式包括组织病理学诊断,结合介入治疗中肿瘤染色及其他临床、影像学检查,或通过综合临床资料、典型影像学表现及至少一年的随访获得良恶性最终诊断。影像学结果由2名以上有经验的影像科医师共同进行评价,对所发现病灶进行5分法计分,通过ROC曲线及卡方检验比较分析MRI与MDCT的诊断结果。结果:对于乙型肝炎肝硬化背景上的SHCC,这两种检查方法的Az值分别为0.795(MDCT)及0.974(MRI),两者之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.0465)。MDCT诊断SHCC的敏感度为70%,特异度为50%;MRI诊断的敏感度为86.36%,特异度为100%,但两者敏感度及特异度之间的差异均无统计学意义(敏感度χ2=0.835,P=0.360;特异度χ2=1.379,P=0.240)。结论:MRI对乙型肝炎肝硬化背景上SHCC的诊断能力优于MDCT。

Clinical significance of multislice spiral CT scans in hepatic veins occlusion in Budd-Chiari syndrome

Background Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic vein occlusion （HVBCS） can induce severe portal hypertension and liver damage. We retrospectively analyzed hepatic CT features of HVBCS and evaluated the usefulness of triphasic enhancement of CT examinations and CT angiography （CTA） in its diagnosis. Methods Twenty-five cases with HVBCS, confirmed by digital subtraction angiography （DSA）, received a triphasic enhancement CT scan within one week before DSA. The CTA images of the relevant blood vessels were reconstructed with maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and oblique reformat techniques. Results Compared with DSA, the detection rate of transverse CT and CTA images for abnormal hepatic vein were 81.7% （58/71） and 95.8% （68/71） （X^2=7.044, P=-0.008）, for membranous obstruction were 47.4% （9/19） and 84.2% （16/19） respectively （X^2 =5.729, P=-0.017 ）, for segmental obstruction were 88.0% （22/25） and 100% （25/25） respectively （X^2=1.418, P=-0.234）. The detection rates for hepatic vein stenosis were 100% with each method. Diffuse hepatomegaly was found in all 6 cases in acute phase and 3 of 19 cases in chronic phase who had severe obstruction of three hepatic veins without patent intrahepatic collaterals. The other 16 cases in chronic phase had hepatatrophia to different extents related to the obstructed hepatic vein. All in acute phase and 15 in chronic phase presented typical patchy enhancement initially in caudate lobe and perihilar areas and enlarged with time delay. In all cases, parenchyma areas with atrophy, necrosis and congestion demonstrated lower and later enhancement. In all the parts, which had normal enhancement at least one patent outflow hepatic vein, accessory hepatic vein or collateral vessel was detected.Conclusion Dynamic enhancement CT examination by multislice spiral CT not only could improve the diagnosis of HVBCS by CTA technique, but also could noninvasively provide anatomical information and reveal damage to the hepatic parenchyma.

多层螺旋CT对肝硬化患者肝脏体积变化的研究

目的评价多层螺旋CT肝脏体积测量的准确性,探讨肝硬化患者肝脏体积的变化规律。方法制作5个不同形状的肝脏模型检验体积测量的准确性。对126例研究对象行多层螺旋CT扫描,测量肝脏体积。结果多层螺旋CT所测模型的体积与实际体积之间的测量误差均在±3%内;不同观察者重复测量的结果具有高度相关性(r=0.998,P<0.01);对照组的肝脏体积为(1346.76±292.21)cm3,对照组与肝硬化组Child-Pugh B级、C级之间肝脏体积差异有显著统计学意义,对照组与A级、A级与C级、B级与C级之间有统计学意义,A级与B级之间无统计学意义;乙型肝炎后肝硬化与酒精性肝硬化患者肝脏体积差异有显著统计学意义。结论多层螺旋CT肝脏体积测量具有很高的准确性和可重复性,肝硬化患者肝脏的体积与疾病的严重程度及发病病因相关。

肝硬化CT类型与临床肝储备功能相关性研究

目的探索肝硬化CT分型与患者性别、年龄、肝储备功能间的相关性及意义。方法根据365例肝硬化的CT表现进行分型。分析各型肝硬化的性别、年龄构成情况,根据血清胆红素、血清白蛋白、凝血酶原时间等实验室检查结果和有无腹水、肝性脑病等临床状况,用Child-Pugh分级法评估各CT类型肝硬化的肝脏储备功能。结果365例肝硬化中均匀型93例(占25.48%)、节段型56例(占15.34%)和结节型216例(占59.18%)。365例肝硬化患者中男性显著多于女性,男女比为1.70(P<0.001),患者年龄总体上男性显著小于女性(P=0.028)。均匀型和结节型组中男性例数明显多于女性(男女比分别为1.58和2.13)且年龄明显小于女性,但仅结节型组性别差异具有显著性(χ2值=14.558,P值=0.000),节段型组男女病例数和年龄相仿。本组肝硬化中254例有完整资料可利用Child-Pugh分级法评估患者肝储备功能,均匀型组(61例)肝功能分级显著好于节段型(41例)和结节型组(152例),节段型组显著好于结节型组,P值均小于0.001。结论肝硬化各CT类型患者性别、年龄的明显差异和肝功能分级的显著差异对肝硬化的肝功能损害和临床病情的判断具有重要意义。