Survival comparison between primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and primary pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and the analysis on prognosis-related factors

Background:Primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PHNENs)are extremely rare and few articles have compared the prognosis of PHNENs with other neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs).This study aimed to investigate the different prognosis between PHNENs and pancreatic NEN(Pan NENs)and evaluate the relevant prognosis-related factors.Methods:From January 2012 to October 2016,a total of 44 NENs patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the primary tumor location which were named group PHNENs(liver;n=12)and group Pan NENs(pancreas;n=32).Demographic,clinical characteristics and survival data were compared between the two groups with Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests.Prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox regression model.Results:The overall survival of group PHNENs and group Pan NENs were 25.4±6.7 months and 39.8±3.7 months,respectively(P=0.037).The cumulative survival of group Pan NENs was significantly higher than that of group PHNENs(P=0.029).Univariate analysis revealed that sex,albumin,total bilirubin,total bile acid,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,α-fetoprotein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9,histological types,treatments and primary tumor site were the prognostic factors.Further multivariate analysis indicated that albumin(P=0.008),histological types NEC(P=0.035)and treatments(P=0.005)were the independent prognostic factors.Based on the histological types,the cumulative survival of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor was significant higher than that of patients with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma in group PHNENs(P=0.022),but not in group Pan NENs(P>0.05).According to the different treatments,patients who received surgery had significantly higher cumulative survival than those with conservative treatment in both groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:PHNENs have lower survival compared to Pan NENs.Histological types and treatments affect the prognosis.Surgical resection still remains the first line of treatment for resectable lesions and can significantly improve the survival.

Hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(HIMT)is a rare type of hepatic tumor.It is always misdiagnosed and mistreated because it is primarily found with no obvious specific manifestation,and its imaging findings are diverse.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of HIMT that was initially diagnosed as liver malignancy but was confirmed as HIMT by histopathology after hepatectomy.Mostly,HIMTs are infiltrated with plasma cells and stain positively for anaplastic lymphoma kinase on immunohistochemistry as well as for some other kinases.CONCLUSION HIMT can be treated with single nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and without surgery when it is diagnosed accurately.Because the etiology of HIMT is unknown and the diagnosis is difficult,the pathogenesis and clinical process need to be further studied.

Chinese expert consensus on laparoscopic hepatic segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy navigated by augmented-and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging

Augmented-and mixed-reality technologies have pioneered the realization of real-time fusion and interactive projection for laparoscopic surgeries.Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology has enabled anatomical,functional,and radical hepatectomy through tumor identification and localization of target hepatic segments,driving a transformative shift in themanagement of hepatic surgical diseases,moving away from traditional,empirical diagnostic and treatment approaches toward digital,intelligent ones.The Hepatic Surgery Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,Digital Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,Digital Intelligent Surgery Committee of the Chinese Society of ResearchHospitals,and Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized the relevant experts in China to formulate this consensus.This consensus provides a comprehensive outline of the principles,advantages,processes,and key considerations associated with the application of augmented reality and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology for hepatic segmental and subsegmental resection.The purpose is to streamline and standardize the application of these technologies.

Study on Proteomics in Hepatic Metastasis of Colorectal neoplasms

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Hepatic metastasis is the most common site metastatic disease and dominant cause of death in colorectal cancer patients. In the large majority of cases, cell dysfunction in CRC results from multiple rather than single, gene interactions, so to be able to predict occurrence of disease and treatment outcome, more studies on comparative proteomics are needed both in sporadic and in hereditary colorectal cancer. This article is about the proteomic study on hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer which helps to identify the specific proteins that play important roles in hepatic metastasis. The study of protein molecules with their expressions correlated to the metastatic process would help to understand the metastatic mechanisms and thus facilitate the development of strategies for the therapeutic interventions and clinical markagement of cancer.

Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms treated with ruxolitinib

Classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs),i.e.,polycythemia vera,essential thrombocythemia,and primary/secondary myelofibrosis,are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an uncontrolled proliferation of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs.MPNs are characterized by mutations in driver genes,the JAK2V617F point mutation being the most commonly detected genetic alteration in these hematological malignancies.Thus,JAK inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy in MPNs,with ruxolitinib being the first JAK inhibitor developed,approved,and prescribed in the management of these blood cancers.However,the use of ruxolitinib has been associated with a potential risk of infection,including opportunistic infections and reactivation of hepatitis B.Here,we briefly describe the association between ruxolitinib treatment in MPNs and hepatitis B reactivation.

丙型肝炎持续病毒学应答后肝癌发生的危险因素及预测模型

丙型肝炎是肝癌发生的主要病因之一。随着直接抗病毒药物的应用,95%以上的患者可根除HCV,获得持续病毒学应答(SVR)。有效的抗病毒治疗可以改变丙型肝炎的自然病程,降低肝癌发生风险,但仍有一部分患者会受到年龄、性别、肝纤维化、糖尿病、肝脂肪变、饮酒和遗传因素等影响,成为肝癌高危人群。因此,如何识别和预测丙型肝炎SVR后肝癌高危人群需进一步明确与完善。本文通过系统综述丙型肝炎患者SVR后肝癌发生的危险因素和肝癌预测模型,旨在为临床识别丙型肝炎SVR后肝癌高风险人群提供依据。

慢性乙型肝炎发展为肝细胞癌过程中血浆游离氨基酸水平的变化及临床意义

目的探究慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)发展为肝硬化(LC)并最终发展为肝细胞癌(HCC)过程中血浆游离氨基酸水平的变化及临床意义。方法对49例CHB患者(CHB组)、43例CHB相关LC患者(LC组)和50例CHB相关HCC患者(HCC组)的血浆样本进行氨基酸谱的分析,比较各组间氨基酸水平的差异。同时采用MetaboAnalyst网站对相关的氨基酸代谢通路进行分析。结果共鉴定出16种表达水平有差异的氨基酸。从CHB发展到LC再到HCC的过程中,血浆胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸和甘氨酸水平逐渐升高,支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸逐渐降低;与CHB组和LC组比较,HCC组中的牛磺酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸和色氨酸水平升高,精氨酸水平降低;与CHB组比较,LC组和HCC组中丝氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸升高,HCC组中缬氨酸水平升高(均P<0.05)。3组的代谢通路分析表明,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成,苯丙氨酸代谢,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成和牛磺酸代谢等多种代谢途径发生了显著变化。此外,通过构建氨基酸-酶-基因相互作用的网络图,共发现了79个与氨基酸表达相关的代谢酶基因。结论血浆氨基酸水平对肝癌的早期预警和预后具有一定指导意义,可为肝癌的早期预警和治疗提供理论基础和方法依据。

肝尾状叶切除在机器人辅助腹腔镜下腔静脉癌栓切除术中的应用:单中心经验

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下腔静脉癌栓切除术联合肝尾状叶切除术治疗301Ⅱ~Ⅲ级下腔静脉癌栓的可行性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月于解放军总医院第一医学中心行机器人辅助腹腔镜下腔静脉癌栓切除术的5例患者的临床资料,所有患者术中均联合部分肝尾状叶切除以显露肝后段下腔静脉。其中男性2例,女性3例,中位年龄61(60~75)岁;中位体质量指数24.8(21.7~25.3)kg/m2。根据301分级,Ⅱ级癌栓患者1例,Ⅲ级癌栓患者4例。下腔静脉癌栓中位高度10.8(10.4~13.1)cm,癌栓中位最大径2.0(1.5~3.9)cm。结果:5例患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开放。中位手术时间510(290~795)m i n,中位失血量1500(900~2000)ml。患者术后中位重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)住院时间4(0~7)d,中位总住院时间11(6~13)d。术后出现Ⅰ级并发症2例,Ⅱ级并发症3例,无围术期死亡病例。出院时该5例患者的肝、肾功能均降至基线水平。中位随访时间8.3(2.5~16.1)个月,无肿瘤复发、进展、转移等情况。结论:对于肾肿瘤伴高度毗邻第二肝门的粗大下腔静脉癌栓的患者,术中切除肝尾状叶能够更好地显露肝后段下腔静脉,有利于术中尽早控制癌栓近心端下腔静脉,从而提高手术的安全性。

肝脏滤泡树突状细胞肉瘤的MRI特征

目的:探讨肝脏滤泡树突状细胞肉瘤(FDCS)的MRI特征。方法:回顾性分析7例经手术及病理证实的肝脏FDCS的术前MRI表现特征。MRI图像分析包括观察病灶部位、大小、形态、边缘、病灶内囊变、出血、脂肪,平扫信号、强化方式和其他伴随征象,有无肝包膜回缩,邻近胆管有无扩张、肝门区及腹膜后有无淋巴结转移等征象。结果:7个病灶均为肝内单发类圆形或椭圆形病灶,边缘清晰光滑,肿瘤实性部分T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,DWI呈高信号,ADC图实性部分呈低或稍低信号,2个病灶表现为信号均匀的实性肿块,5个病灶为实性肿块伴有不同程度的囊变,其中1个病灶囊变明显,并见出血。动态增强扫描5个病灶表现为“速升平台型”模式;2个病灶表现为“速升缓降型”模式;1个病灶周围异常灌注,2个病灶见延迟强化的包膜;1个病灶周围胆管轻度扩张,所有病例肝门区及腹膜后未见肿大淋巴结。结论:肝脏FDCS的MRI表现有一定的特征,多表现为边界清楚的肿块,常伴有不同程度囊变,实性部分信号均质,动脉期均呈明显强化,多数表现为明显持续强化。

能谱CT联合VEGF预测120例肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积

目的探究能谱CT定量分析联合血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平检测在肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后碘油沉积中的预测价值。方法收集2020年1月至2022年3月三门峡市中心医院行TACE术的120例肝癌病人作为研究对象,并将其分为A组(TACE术后碘油沉积面积>50%)和B组(TACE术后碘油沉积面积≤50%);同时分为C组(TACE术后碘油沉积区)和D组(TACE术后无碘油沉积区)。采用能谱CT检测肝癌病人TACE术前碘浓度及术后碘油沉积情况,计算动脉期标准化碘浓度(ANIC)、静脉期标准化碘浓度(VNIC)、肝脏标准化碘浓度比率(ICratio,ICratio=ANIC/VNIC),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清VEGF水平;绘制ROC曲线分析术前碘浓度及血清VEGF水平预测肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况的价值;采用多因素logistic回归分析肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况的影响因素。结果B组与A组肿瘤分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期(60.29%比19.23%)、组织低分化(47.06%比23.08%)、血管侵犯(63.24%比11.54%)比例及ANIC(0.18±0.06比0.26±0.08)、VNIC(0.40±0.10比0.54±0.12)、血清VEGF[(284.56±78.17)ng/L比(225.74±61.05)ng/L]水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGF、组织分化程度是肝癌TACE术后1个月碘油沉积面积≤50%的影响因素(P<0.05)。D组与C组ANIC(0.15±0.04比0.24±0.07)、VNIC(0.44±0.09比0.53±0.10)、ICratio(0.34±0.08比0.45±0.09)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论能谱CT定量分析联合血清VEGF水平检测可较好地预测肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况。

超声影像组学结合机器学习模型鉴别肝泡型包虫病与原发性肝癌

目的观察超声影像组学结合机器学习(ML)模型鉴别肝泡型包虫病(HAE)与原发性肝癌(PHC)的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的95例HAE(HAE组)及97例PHC(PHC组)患者,按7∶3比例将其分为训练集(n=134)及验证集(n=58);基于二维超声声像图提取影像组学特征,以逻辑回归、朴素贝叶斯、决策树、支持向量机、极限梯度提升、K邻近及梯度提升机共7种算法构建ML模型;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估各模型鉴别HAE与PHC的效能。结果共基于训练集数据提取1688个影像组学特征,最终筛选出7个非零系数特征为最优特征;据以构建的7种ML模型鉴别HAE与PHC效能均良好,在训练集的AUC为0.963~0.997,在验证集为0.871~0.942。结论超声影像组学结合ML模型鉴别HAE与PHC效能良好。

大鼠肝纤维化、肝硬化、小肝癌MRI扩散参数与Ki-67、PCNA表达的相关性

目的:探讨MRI扩散加权成像(Diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)在大鼠肝纤维化、肝硬化、小肝癌动物模型中的诊断价值,并分析ADC值和eADC值与细胞增殖标志物Ki-67、PCNA表达的相关性。方法:100只清洁级SD大鼠,随机分为2组,实验组85只,对照组15只,实验组腹腔定点注射硫代乙酰胺(TAA),对照组替代采用生理盐水,300 mg/kg,3次/周。MRIDWI采用单次激发自旋回波-回波平面成像(SE-EPI)序列,取b=300 s/mm^(2)、600 s/mm^(2)两组,生成ADC图及eADC图并测量ADC及e ADC值;按组织病理学进行肝纤维化、肝硬化、小肝癌分级,并与ADC值、eADC值和细胞增殖标志物Ki-67、PCNA表达进行Pearson相关分析。结果:共有55只大鼠(实验组41只,对照组14只)成功获取DWI参数数据,成功率55%(55/100)。随着肝纤维化逐步进展,DWI显示实验组大鼠肝内信号逐渐增高,高b值图像较明显,但图像质量较差。ADC值与大鼠肝纤维化、肝硬化、小肝癌病理分级之间呈负相关(P<0.05),而eADC值则为正相关(P<0.05);Ki-67、PCNA在肝纤维化、肝硬化期表达不明显,在小肝癌期相对较为明显,ADC值与Ki-67、PCNA表达呈负相关(P<0.05),eADC值与Ki-67、PCNA表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:MRI-DWI参数ADC、e ADC值能够反映肝纤维化、肝硬化、小肝癌逐步发展的规律,与细胞增殖标志物Ki-67、PCNA表达之间有一定相关性,能够为临床预测小肝癌的发生提供一定的参考依据。

原发性肝血管肉瘤1例报告

1病例资料患者男,49岁,因“间断性上腹部疼痛不适10余天”于2020年7月3日入院。患者既往体健,无特殊病史,无化学毒物及放射性物质接触史。入院后,体格检查示右上腹部轻度压痛,余未见明显阳性体征。实验室检查结果示乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBs Ag)、乙型肝炎表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBs Ab)、乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBe Ag)、乙型肝炎核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,HBc Ab)均为阳性,HBV DNA为8.14×10^(5)IU/m L,血小板计数为146×10^(9)/L,甲胎蛋白为5.69 ng/m L,其他生化指标未见明显异常。

Is hepatic neoplasm-related pyogenic liver abscess a distinct clinical entity?

AIM: To compare the clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in patients with and without hepatic neoplasm (HN). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis involving patients with PLA. The demographic, clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, management and outcome of patients with and without HN were studied. RESULTS: From January 2000 to December 2009 inclusive, 318 patients (35 with HN) had PLA, and mean age and comorbidity were comparable between the two groups. More patients with HN experienced right upper quadrant pain (68.6% vs 52.7%, P < 0.04), developed jaundice (14.3% vs 5.7%, P < 0.03) and hepatomegaly (17.1% vs 3.9%, P < 0.01), and had higher serum total bilirubin level (43.3 μmol/L vs 30.0 μmol/L, P = 0.05). Most patients in both groups had PLAs in the right hepatic lobe, and biliary tract disorder was the most common underlying cause (71.4% and 61.8%). However, more PLAs in the HN group were associated with thicker abscess wall (37.1% vs 19.4%, P < 0.01), septal lobulation (77.1% vs 58%, P < 0.02), gaseous cavitation (17% vs 7.8%, P = 0.03), portal thrombophlebitis (11.4% vs 1.8%, P < 0.01) and aerobilia (25.9% vs 5.5%, P < 0.01). Mixed bacterial growth (40% vs 15.2%, P < 0.01) and Gram-negative bacilli (22.8% vs 60.4%, P < 0.01) were dominant isolates in PLAs with and without HN, respectively. Although incidence of the complications was comparable between the two groups, patients with HN had a higher mortality rate than those without (71.4% vs 8.8%, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed underlying active malignancy [odds ratio (OR): 40.45, 95% CI: 14.76-111.65], hypoalbuminemia (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.38), disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.19-9.69) and acute coronary syndrome (OR: 4.48, 95% CI: 1.08-17.8) were independent risk factors associated with mortality. However, several HN cases, presented concurrently with PLAs, were found to have curative resectable tumors and had good prognosis after surgery. CONCLUSION: PLA associated with HN tends to form a distinct clinical syndrome with a different extent of clinical manifestations, radiological and microbiological features and complications.

基于高敏检测的乙肝肝硬化低病毒血症患者的预后分析

目的 探讨经核苷类药物治疗的乙肝肝硬化低病毒血症患者的临床特点及预后。方法 收集2020年至2022年就诊于太原市第三人民医院的经核苷类药物治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,通过乙肝病毒高敏检测分为未测到靶标组、低于检测下限组、低病毒血症组,平均随访48周,观察患者临床特点、肝硬化相关并发症、肝细胞癌(HCC)发生率,评估其预后及影响因素。结果 251例经核苷类药物治疗乙肝肝硬化患者中低病毒血症组(HBV DNA 10~2 000 U/ml)25例,低于检测下限组(HBV DNA<10 U/ml)107例,未测到靶标组(HBV DNA未检测到)119例,3组间丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)%差异有统计学意义。3组患者既往核苷类药物治疗史及干扰素治疗史具有统计学意义,多数患者接受1~2种核苷类药物抗病毒治疗,且过半患者可达到HBV DNA检测不到的效果。随访期间3组患者均发现新增肝硬化相关并发症,38例(15.1%)发生HCC,其中7例死亡。结论 HBV DNA控制越好,肝损伤越轻,肝脏合成功能越好。接受抗病毒治疗核苷类药物(NAs)或干扰素(IFN)能显著降低乙肝病毒DNA。乙型肝炎肝硬化患者不论抗病毒治疗完全应答与否,均应定期检查,及早发现肝硬化相关并发症、原发性肝癌并予积极治疗,降低相关死亡率。

肝部分切除术后连续监测吲哚菁绿15分钟滞留率联合标准残肝体积对肝细胞癌患者肝功能不全的预测价值

目的探讨肝部分切除术后连续性监测吲哚菁绿15分钟滞留率(ICG-R15)联合标准残肝体积(SRLV)对术后肝功能不全发生率的预测价值。方法收集天津市第一中心医院肝胆外科2016年11月—2017年5月收治的70例肝细胞癌患者的临床资料。根据患者术后是否发生肝功能不全的情况,分为肝功能良好组(n=56)与肝功能不全组(n=14)。根据术前肝功能评估及强化CT计算切除肝体积和剩余肝体积以及肝脏三维重建,术中B超定位决定手术方案,根据术中情况决定采用选择性肝门入肝血流阻断或间断全肝门阻断,CUSA联合双极滴水电凝镊离断肝实质。计算SRLV并连续监测患者ICGR15。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积(AUC)评估预测术后肝功能不全的准确性。多因素Logistic回归分析建立术后肝功能不全的预测模型,制订SLRV联合术后ICG-R15动态监测对术后肝功能不全的诊断标准。结果两组术前以及术后即时、3 d、5 d的ICG-R15,以及SRLV、Child分级比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。术前、术后即时、术后3 d、术后5 d患者术后肝功能不全发生率均随ICGR15升高而升高(P值均<0.001)。进一步两两比较,术前、术后即时、术后3 d、术后5 d ICG-R15>20%组与其他两组患者肝功能不全发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001);术后即时,ICG-R15<10%组与10%≤ICG-R15≤20%组肝功能不全发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术前ICG-R15、术后即时ICG-R15、术后3 d ICG-R15、术后5 d ICG-R15预测术后肝功能不全的AUC分别为0.790、0.857、0.855、0.870,术后即时、3 d、5 d ICG-R15的AUC均大于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,SRLV以及ICG-R15术后动态监测(术后即时、术后3 d、术后5 d)水平升高均为术后肝功能不全的独立危险因素,术前BMI升高则为独立保护因素(P值均<0.05)。建立多因素Logistic回归预测模型,依据预测模型分别对术后(术后即时、术后3 d、术后5 d)肝功能不全进行预测,ROC曲线显示术后即时、术后3 d、术后5 d预测模型的AUC分别为0.963、0.967、0.967(P值均<0.01)。制订SLRV联合术后ICG-R15动态监测对于术后肝功能不全的诊断标准:SLRV>1240 mL/m2、术后即时ICG-R15>20%、术后3 d或5 d ICG-R15>25%,符合其中任意一项即可诊断术后肝功能不全,灵敏度100%,特异度60.71%,符合度68.57%。结论连续性监测术前及术后ICG-R15水平对于术后肝功能不全的预估均具有指导意义,术后5 d ICG-R15的准确性相对最高;SRLV联合术后ICG-R15动态检测能有效预测肝切除术后肝功能不全的发生,可指导临床医生预估肝癌患者术后肝功能不全的发生,并尽早进行临床干预。

PREOPERATIVE SEGMENTAL LOCALIZATION OF FOCAL HEPATIC LESION ON MRI

In order to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative segmental localization of hepatic mass lesions,68 cases were prospectively studied and evaluated by the correlation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. Right, middle and left hepatic veins were seen in 100%, 97% and 94% of the subjects respectively on MRI. The right and left portal veins were seen in 100% and 95.6% respectively. The accuracy in determining the segmental location of hepatic lesions was 89.7%. The accuracy could be increased to 91. 3% if the lesion was located at single segment whereas it was only 86. 4% when the lesion extended across several segments. It is possible to say that MRI is an important modality in the preoperative segmental localization of masses.

Global trends in hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma mortality:A public database analysis(1999-2019)

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and it significantly contributes to the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,there are marked variations in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC across different geographical regions.With the advent of new widely available treatment modalities,such as direct-acting antivirals,it is becoming increasingly imperative to understand the temporal and geographical trends in HCC mortality associated with Hepatitis C.Furthermore,gender disparities in HCC mortality related to Hepatitis C are a crucial,yet underexplored aspect that adds to the disease's global impact.While some studies shed light on gender-specific trends,there is a lack of comprehensive data on global and regional mortality rates,particularly those highlighting gender disparities.This gap in knowledge hinders the development of targeted interventions and resource allocation strategies.DISCUSSION The results of our study show an overall decline in the mortality rates of patients with hepatitis C-related HCC over the last two decades.Notably,females exhibited a remarkable decrease in mortality compared to males.Regionally,East Asia and the Pacific displayed a significant decline in mortality,while Europe and Central Asia witnessed an upward trend.Latin America and the Caribbean also experienced an increase in mortality rates.However,no significant difference was observed in the Middle East and North Africa.North America exhibited a notable upward trend.South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa significantly declined throughout the study period.This raises the hope of identifying areas for implementing more targeted resources.Despite some progress,multiple challenges remain in meeting the WHO 2030 goal of eliminating viral hepatitis[24].

1例超高龄老人急性非结石性胆囊炎伴胆囊穿孔致巨大肝包膜下积液的诊治分析

老年人急性非结石性胆囊炎是临床上极凶险的急腹症,病情重,易导致胆囊穿孔、胆囊坏疽、肝脓肿等严重并发症,尤其超高龄老年人,通常无典型腹痛症状及腹膜炎体征,症状与病情严重程度不相符,极易出现漏诊,且超高龄患者常多病共存,病情复杂且重,手术风险大,可能无法行胆囊切除术及胆囊引流术,治疗选择有限,从而导致预后不佳,因此,对反复纳差、炎症指标升高、感染灶无法明确的患者,需及时完善胆囊B超或CT,及早发现并治疗。贵州医科大学附属医院收治1例急性非结石性胆囊炎伴胆囊穿孔的超高龄患者,该患者出现胆囊穿孔伴极少见的巨大肝包膜下积液,本文分析其发病及治疗特点,提高医务人员对该病的认识及诊治。

Imaging findings of primary hepatic leiomyoma

Objective： To investigate the imaging features of primary hepatic leiomyoma. Methods： 3 patients of primary hepatic leiomyoma confirmed by pathology without immunodeficiency were retrospectively analyzed about CT and MRI findings, clinical and pathological correlation. 2 cases had routine CT scan, 2 cases had routine MRI. Results： 2 case CT scans showed low-density lesions, 2 cases MRI showed lesions with long T1 and long T2 signal. One case of uniform density and signal showed homogeneous enhancement; two cases showed uneven density and signal, of which one case was inhomogeneous enhancement. 3 cases presented pseudocapsule without hepatic cirrhosis and venous tumor thrombus. Pathology showed spindle tumor cell proliferation and capillary hyperplasia; one case showed central hyalinization and one case central liquefaction necrosis. Conclusion： Primary hepatic leiomyoma is a hypervascular tumor, and CT and MRI help in the diagnosis.