Integrated Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Planting and Tourist Commodities: A Case Study of Green Handmade Soap Development in Shandong Province

Combining current situations of Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in Shandong,in line with existing problems of Chinese herbal medicine planting industry,this paper analyzed development prospect of tourist commodity industry in Shandong Province,and came up with actual selection and recommendations for integrated development of Chinese herbal medicine planting and tourist commodities.

Screening for Plant Toxins in Honey and Herbal Beverage by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.

不同中草药植物提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌抑菌活性评价

【目的】探究不同中草药提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑菌效果,筛选防治香蕉枯萎病的有效植物资源。【方法】选取大黄、穿心莲等29种中草药,采用乙醇浸提法提取中草药植物中的有效活性成分,应用生长速率法检测各提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Foc TR4)的抑制作用,使用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇4种不同极性溶剂对大黄的乙醇粗提物进行分级萃取,利用悬滴法测定提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用,并观察提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌菌丝形态的影响。【结果】29种中草药提取物对Foc TR4的抑菌效果表现出较大差异,大黄、穿心莲、苦参、野菊花4种提取物对Foc TR4的抑菌效果较好,其中大黄提取物的抑制作用最佳,6 mg/mL大黄提取物的抑菌率为48.57%,对菌丝生长的EC_(50)值为6.68 mg/mL,抑制孢子萌发的EC_(50)值为4.60 mg/mL;通过光学显微镜观察,大黄提取物对Foc TR4菌丝具有一定破坏作用,使菌丝产生大量分枝和黏连并造成菌丝生长不均匀等现象;大黄乙醇粗提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇4个萃取组分中,乙酸乙酯萃取组分对Foc TR4菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制效果最佳,其浓度为10 mg/mL时,对菌丝生长的抑制率可达85.68%;大黄提取物乙酸乙酯萃取组分对Foc TR4菌丝生长的EC_(50)值为0.16 mg/mL。【结论】从29种中草药提取物中筛选出了抑菌效果较好的大黄提取物,并进一步明确其对香蕉枯萎病菌Foc TR4的主要有效抑菌成分在乙酸乙酯萃取组分中,可为研发防治香蕉枯萎病的植物源新农药提供参考。

中药材机械化种植装备现状及发展趋势

中药材是我国特色产业之一,种植面积、产量都居世界首位,机械化种植是中药材机械化生产中的关键环节。当前,国内中药材机械化种植率低,现有机械化种植装备存在造价高、通用性低、种植损耗高等问题。基于中药材的农业种植现状,综述了当前国内外机械化种植的主要模式以及当前中药材机械化种植的研究进展,指出中药材机械化种植存在的问题,对其机械化种植的发展趋势进行展望。以期为中药材种植机械的研究提供参考,促进中药材种植机械化水平的提高。

荠的本草考证

荠菜作为药材首载于《名医别录》,是一种历史悠久的药食同源类中药,在中国各地乡间田野均随处可见,其别名众多。荠类中存在名称混用的现象,历代本草中与荠菜混用最多的是菥蓂,荠类中的荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medic.与菥蓂Thlaspi arvense L.分属十字花科中的两种药用植物,从五代时期,开始有本草将荠菜子与菥蓂子混为一物,导致后续宋、明、清时期的部分本草对其原植物形态描述发生错误,将荠菜与菥蓂混淆,尤其是明代的部分本草更是将荠菜与菥蓂视为一物。对荠菜的基原进行梳理考证,为荠菜制定国家标准奠定基础。

A Review on Kidney Stone and Its Herbal Treatment

Medicinal plants have been valued for millennia as a rich source of therapeutic compounds for the prevention of various ailments all throughout the world.Kidney stones and urinary calculi affect a huge percentage of the population nowadays.Stone sickness has become more prevalent as a result of changes in living conditions,such as industrialization and hunger.The most common stone recorded in India is calcium oxalate kidney stones.Changes in prevalence and incidence,the occurrence of stone kinds and stone position,and stone removal treatment are all discussed.Medicinal herbs have been utilised for centuries because they are safer,more effective,culturally acceptable,and have less adverse effects than manufactured medications.Patients are advised to consume a low-fat diet,as well as fibres from naturally occurring plants and herbal treatments.The current article discusses the steps that should be taken to maximise the potential of medicinal plants for stone dissolving action.Combining herbal remedies with allopathic treatment is an excellent way to eliminate all issues associated with kidney stones.The purpose of this article is to emphasise the use of herbs as a treatment for urinary stones.

基于两类地理标志分析的溯源饮片原料药材种植基地建设区域选择探讨

溯源饮片的实施基础是原料药材的来源稳定、质量可控,而选择适宜区域建设药材基地、开展规范化生产是达到上述要求的有效手段。国家地理标志和农产品地理标志均用于标识某产品的地域特征,这与优质药材基地建设需关注区域选择有很高的契合度。本文汇总已在上海市相关医疗机构流通使用的23个溯源饮片品种的两种地理标志登记情况,结合溯源饮片对药材产地的特殊要求,进行区域对比分析,确定符合溯源要求的地理标志产品区域范围,为相关企业在开展溯源饮片原料药材种植基地建设时的区域选择提供参考。

Constituents of the anti-asthma herbal formula ASHMI^(TM) synergistically inhibit IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by murine Th2 memory cells,and eotaxin by human lung fibroblasts in vitro

OBJECTIVE： Anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention （ASHMITM）, a combination of three tradi- tional Chinese medicinal herbs developed in our laboratory, has demonstrated efficacy in both mouse models of allergic asthma, and a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with asthma. This study was designed to determine if the anti-inflammatory effects of individual herbal constituents of ASHMITM exhibited synergy. METHODS： Effects of ASHMI and its components aqueous extracts of Lingzhi （Ganoderma lucidum）, Kushen （Sophora flavescens） and Gancao （Glycyrrhiza uralensis）, on Th2 cytokine secretion by murine memory Th2 cells （D10.G4.1） and eotaxin-1 secretion by human lung fibroblast （HLF-1） cells were determined by measuring levels in culture supernatants by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Potential synergistic effects were determined by computing interaction indices from concentration-effect curve parameters. RESULTS： Individual Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao extracts and ASHMI （the combination of individual extracts） inhibited production of interleukin （IL）-4 and IL-5 by murine memory Th2 cells and eotaxin-1 production by HLF-1 cells. The mean 25%-inhibitory-concentration （IC2s） values （mg/mL） forASHMI, Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao for IL-4 production were 30.9, 79.4, 123, and 64.6, respectively; for IL-5 production were 30.2, 263, 123.2 and 100, respectively; for eotaxin-1 were 13.2, 16.2, 30.2, and 25.1, respectively. The IC50values （mg/mL） for ASHMI, Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao for IL-4 production were 158.5, 239.9, 446.7, and 281.8, respectively; for eotaxin-1 were 38.1, 33.1, 100, and 158.5, respectively. The interaction indices of ASHMI constituents at IC25 were 0.35 for IL-4, 0.21 for IL-5 and 0.59 for eotaxin-l. The interaction indices at IC^0 values were 0.50 for IL-4 and 0.62 for eotaxin-1 inhibition. Inhibition of IL-5 did not reach IC^0 values. All interaction indices were below 1 which indicated synergy. CONCLUSION： By comparing the interaction index values, we find that constituents in ASHMITM synergistically inhibited eotaxin-1 production as well as Th2 cytokine production.

Some medicinal plants with antiasthmatic potential:a current status

Asthma is a common disease that is rising in prevalence worldwide with the highest prevalence in industrialized countries.Asthma affect about 300 million people worldwide and it has been estimated that a further 100 million will be affected by 2023.Since the ancient times,plants have been exemplary sources of medicine.Current asthma therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect,hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat their asthma.Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments.India has about 43 000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties.Researches conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for asthma have shown antiasthmatic,antihistaminic and antiallergic activity.This review reveals that some plants and their extract have antiasthmatic,antihistaminic,anticholinergic and antiallergic activity.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Medicinal Plants Collected from Environmentally Different Sites

Objective To estimate the heavy metal content in soil and selected medicinal plants procured from environmentally different sites of the same city. Methods Soil and plant samples of Abutilon indicum, Calotropis procera, Euphorbia hirta, Peristrophe bycaliculata, and Tinospora cordifolia were collected from 3 environmentally different sites of the city： heavy traffic area （HTA）, industrial area （IA）, and residential area （RA）. Pb by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and compared Cd, Cr, and Ni were estimated in soil and plant samples Results The level of heavy metal was higher in soil than in plant parts studied. Accumulation of heavy metals varied from plant to plant. Pb was the highest in Calotropis procera root from HTA site and the lowest in Peristrophe bycaliculata whole plant from IA site. It was also lower in residential area than in heavy traffic area. Conclusion The level of heavy metal content differed in the same medicinal plant collected from environmentally different sites of the same city. Thus, it reiterates our belief that every medicinal plant sample should be tested for contaminant load before processing it further for medication.

我国中药材种植产业进展与展望

对我国中药材种植产业发展机遇、进展和存在的问题进行概述,提出中药材种植模式产区区划、中药材核心种植模式、中药材种植多元化等概念;总结了破解中药材种植问题及矛盾的六大建议,包括强化政策支持、加大企业扶持、提升中药材种子种苗源头管理与示范、加强道地药材生态农业集群品牌培育与宣传、持续推广核心中药材种植模式、加强生态产品及副产物综合利用开发;展望了中药材种植产业规模适度化、技术标准化、模式生态化、运营品牌化、产业多元化的发展方向。我国中药材种植产业在“十三五”期间取得了显著成效,正处于发展的关键时期,实现高质量发展的挑战和机遇并存。

An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.

Review Article: Herbal Approach for Obesity Management

Obesity, a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Usage of herbs for the management of obesity in the recent times is attracting attention. A web and manual based literature survey was conducted to assess the amount of information available on the herbal products for weight management. Traditional literature, PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar databases were screened up to February 2012. The search words were “obesity', 'herbal medicine/products/extracts”, 'medicinal plants', 'traditional medicine', 'Ayurvedic medicine' without narrowing/limiting searching words or elements. Publications only with abstracts/full articles and books were reviewed in the search. Based on the available literature, for many of the herbal and weight loss products, there is little published information and there have been no clinical trials or the level of evidence is limited. Our literature survey also indicated that these herbal products fall under an acceptable level of evidence or with no scientific background at all, or they have a scientific rational but not to an acceptance level. Attempts were made in the review to define the features of possible herbal weight loss product. An ideal herbal anti obesity product should reduce the weight by 10% over placebo of treatment by showing an evidence of improvement of bio markers like blood pressure, lipids and glycemia without any side effects.

Medicinal Plant Use in Ghana: Advancement and Challenges

In Ghana, the use of medicinal plants is a known and an acceptable practice common to all the regions and ethnic groups, with about 60% to 70% of Ghanaians depending on traditional medicine for their healthcare needs. Even though medicinal plants are all over the country and are of great benefits to a lot of Ghanaians, there is little or no proper documentation on medicinal plants use in Ghana;how it all started and where it is today, as well as what is being done to promote its use and some challenges being faced with its use as a country. This paper therefore sought to assess and compile generally, Medicinal plants use in Ghana;focusing on the use of some plant medicine, development and advancement in the herbal medicine practice, as well as associated challenges. Available literature and information on medicinal plants use in Ghana were compiled by searching through electronic database such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science direct, SciFinder and other relevant websites, as well as books and reports. A brief history, measures taken to develop and advance plant medicine use and some specific challenges facing plant medicine practice and use in the county have been discussed in detail in this write-up. This compilation is believed to bring to book the value of some medicinal plants in Ghana and the efforts being made to promote herbal drugs to complement orthodox medication.

Insite into Herbal Medicinal Practices among the Students of Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morroco: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and determine factors for predicting the use of herbal medicine, among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study from March 1st, 2017 to April 13th, 2017. Four hundred seventy-six university students were interviewed using a questionnaire including a socio-demographic scale and herbal self-therapy knowledge and behaviors. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 2016). Results: The frequency of herbal self-therapy among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students has reached 65%. 26.07% of the participants reported that the first reason for using herbal self-therapy was a lack of money. Meanwhile, the most common conditions that prompted them to use these plants on their own were cough and cold (36.48%), and abdominal pain due to heartburn or peptic ulcer (24.41%). The most frequent self-administered plants were Thymus vulgaris (43.7%). Family, seniors, or classmates were a source of information for herbal self-therapy. Conclusion: The region of Beni Mellal, Morocco has important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medicine practice. The present paper represents significant ethnobotanical information on medical plants, which provides baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Therefore, there is a need to establish effective herbal medicine policies and health education programs to discuss the benefits and risks of herbal medicine use with the aim of maximizing patient-desired therapeutic outcomes.

以科技部门为主导的中药材种植产业乡村振兴模式探索

当前国内中医药产业发展逐步成为各省区争相角逐的新医药经济增长点、热点。各领域专家围绕中医药产业发展瓶颈及中药材种植助力乡村振兴等重要问题,分享先进理念、实践经验与观点,为进一步推动区县中医药产业发展和实现乡村振兴提出政策建议。此文就“以科技部门为主导”的中药材种植产业乡村振兴模式进行深入探讨,以期实现以科技指导为核心的中药材种植产业乡村振兴。

贵州省汇川区药用植物资源调查

【目的】探明贵州省遵义市汇川区野生药用植物资源的种类及栽培药用植物的现状,为当地野生中药资源的保护、开发及优势品种推广提供依据。【方法】根据第四次全国中药资源普查技术规范要求,采用实地踏查法结合走访调查对汇川区43个样地药用植物资源及栽培品种进行调查。【结果】汇川区的药用植物资源分属116科336属515种,其中,优势科有菊科(48种,占比9.32%),蔷薇科(27种,占比5.24%)及百合科(26种,占比5.05%)等共10个科;根据入药部位可分为全草类、果实及种子类和叶类等共8类,以全草类最多(221种);根据功效可划分为解表类、清热类及泻下类等19类,以清热类最多(182种)。汇川区发现贵州省重点中药品种48科85种,包含菝葜、吉祥草、野葛、杜仲、千里光、杠板归及三叶木通等;银杏、珙桐和红豆杉为国家重点Ⅰ级保护野生植物,西南舌唇兰、润楠、喜树和金荞麦等14种药用植物为国家重点Ⅱ级保护野生植物。汇川区栽培药用植物共计21种,包括天麻、五倍子及黄精等,种植面积约3200 hm^(2)。【结论】汇川区药用植物资源蕴藏量大,多样性丰富,建议适当发展当地优势中药品种种植。

概论中药材种植产业发展管理

突出中医药产业与乡村振兴地区群众通过中医药发展,着眼国家中医药产业发展需求,服务“一带一路”建设,服务健康中国战略,不断优化产业布局,全面推进中药材机械化种植,打造中药材全产业链。在实现现有标准下的乡村振兴目标中,中医药产业发挥县域产业的重要支撑作用,对乡村群众致富增收的贡献明显。就中药材种植产业发展管理进行概论,以期对于中药材种植产业的发展有所裨益。

甘肃根茎类中药材机械化生产现状及展望

中药材是甘肃省特色产业之一,近年来随着国家产业政策向特色产业转移,甘肃省中药材面积在逐年增加,种植中药材已成为广大农村和农民脱贫致富的有效途径,中药材生产全程机械化的需求日渐加剧。通过文献查阅与实地调研,结合根茎类中药材关键栽培农艺技术,针对当归、党参和黄芪等道地中药材,从耕种管收等作业环节,概述机械化研究及应用现状。指出机械化生产存在的问题:中药材种植区域多为丘陵山地,种植面积分散且较小;根茎类中药材品种繁多,种植方式和栽培农艺要求较多且复杂,农机农艺难融合;关键环节机具存在作业质量差等现象,中药材机具投入收益率不高,药农购买机具的积极性不高;现有机具技术含量低、创新性不足、易被仿制,企业对中药材机械化研发积极性低。提出中药材产业向规模化发展、种植模式向标准化发展、关键环节机具向高质高效发展、中药材机械生产企业向龙头企业发展的未来趋势,以期为中药材生产装备研发提供参考,助力中药材产业进一步发展。