The Herbicidal Activity of Mutant Isolates from Botrytis cinerea

Fifteen mutant isolates were obtained by ultraviolet mutation from parent isolate Botrytis cinerea BC-4. Among them three mutant isolates, BC4-1, BC4-2, and BC4-15, showed strong herbicidal activity. BC4-1 showed maximum herbicidal activity for inhibition of germination and growth of Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Arnaranthus retroflexus L. The results also showed that herbicidal activity was influenced by differing pH of PD media, with pH value of 4.0 being the optimum. The crude toxin was extracted using chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, respectively, and the ethyl acetate extracts showed the strongest inhibitory activity on the germination and growth of D. sanguinalis L. and A. retroflexus L. Using HPLC, one fraction with an absorption peak at 271 nm was separated from the crude toxin. This fraction could strongly inhibit the growth of D. sanguinalis L. at a concentration of 100 mg L^-1 and could completely inhibit the seed germination of D. sanguinalis L. and A. retroflexus L. at a concentration of 50 mg L^-1 .

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Sulfonylureas Containing Thiadiazol Moiety

Thirteen novel sulfonylureas containing thiadiazole moiety were synthesized in a two-step reaction. Their structures were determined using IR, ^1H NMR, HRFTMS, and elemental analysis. Herbicidal activities of these compounds were determined in the green house bio-assay. The results show that four compounds among them exhibit some activity toward four tested herbs.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel 5-Substituted Benzenesulfonylureas

Sulfonylurea herbicides have been widely used because of their low application rates, good crop sdeetivities and low mammalian toxicities. However, some sulfonylureas might persist unfavourably in the environment with residual problems. In order to look for ecologically safer and environmentally benign sulfonylureas, and on keeping the pyrimidine ring being monosubstitated, 15 novd C5-monosubstituted benzenesulfonylurea compounds were synthesized. The structures of all the compounds synthesized were confirmed by demental analysis and ^1H NMR. Preliminary herbicidal activities of these new sulfonylurea compounds were determined by ALS screening （ in vitro） and pot bioassay experiments（ in vivo）. The herbicidal results show that some novel sulfonylureas are comparable to commercial Foramsulfuron and Monosulfuron.

Novel Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of(3R,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4-diol

The title compound, （3R,4R）-4,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4-diol （Cl0HlsO3）, has been synthesized by using one-step catalytic synthetic method from a-pinene and structurally characterized by means of IR, JH-NMR, J3C-NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 7.277（4）, b = 18.177（11）, c = 7.939（5） A, β = 91.122（8）°, Z = 4, V = 1049.9（11） A, Dc = 1.178 g/cm3, Mr = 186.24, λ（MoKa） = 0.71073 A, μ = 0.09 mm^-1, F（000） = 408, R = 0.051 and wR = 0.144. The title complex molecules contained two hydroxyls and are connected through hydrogen bonds to generate a two-dimensional network. Especially, the preliminary herbicidal activity results show that the title compound exhibits herbicidal activity against rape （Brassica campestris） and barnyard grass （Echinochloa crusgalli）.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Sulfonylurea Derivatives

Sulfonylurea herbicides have been applied worldwide in agriculture. Some sulfonylurea residues might exist in soil longer than that people expected. However, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium which was firstly reported as a new 5-substituted sulfonylurea herbicide has less than one month residual life. Therefore, 5-substituted benzenesulfonylureas are potential molecules to regulate its residual situation. In order to develop new sulfonylurea derivatives, the substituent on the critical 5-posotion of the benzene ring was optimized. On the basis of our former work on sulfonylureas which contains a characteristic mono-substituted pyrimidine moiety, twenty-six new sulfonylurea deriva- tives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 31p NMR and elemental analysis. The greenhouse bioassay tests show that some title compounds exhibit potent herbicidal activity.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of N-(4-Methylbenzyl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidinol Hydrochloride

A novel compound N-（4-methylbenzyl）-4-（3-fluorophenyl）-4-piperidinol hydrochloride has been synthesized and its structure （C19H23ClFNO, Mr = 335.83） was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ^1H NMR, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 7.2163（6）, b = 10.7905（9）, c = 12.2651（10） A, α = 109.576（2）,β = 98.407（2）,γ= 95.956（2）°, V= 878.14（13）A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.270 g/cm^3,μ = 0.231 mm^-1, F（000） = 356, S = 1.100, the final R = 0.0525 and wR = 0.1425 for 3206 unique reflections （Rint = 0.0140） with 2736 observed ones （I 〉 2σ（I））. The piperidine ring exhibits a chair conformation. The dihedral angle made by the methyl- and fluoro-substituted benzene rings is 66.84（7）°. There are some intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions among the molecules, which stabilize the whole crystal structure. The preliminary biological activity tests indicate good herbicidal activity for the title compound, in particular against the roots of some tested plants （such as Brassica campestris L. and Echinochloa crusgallis L.）.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of a New 1,2,4-Triazole Derivative

A new 1,2,4-triazole containing cyclopropane moiety was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of the title compound （C13H14FN3S, Mr= 263.33） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.614（3）, b = 7.0202（14）, c = 15.556（3）A, β = 110.92（3）°, V = 1286.7（4） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 552, D,. = 1.359 g/cm3,μ = 0.25 mm-1, the final R = 0.0336 and wR = 0.0898 for 2568 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（/）. A total of 10093 reflections were collected, of which 3045 were independent （Rint = 0.0268）. The herbicidal activity of the title compound was determined, and this compound displays excellent herbicidal activity against Brassica campestris.

Possible Mechanism Associated with Herbicidal Activity of Soybean Meal Hydrolysate (SMH)

Soybean meal hydrolyzate （SMH） has been proposed for use as a natural preemergence herbicide.However,the mechanism by which SMH exerts its herbicidal activity remains unclear.In this paper,the herbicidal activities of SMH against perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne L.） under non-sterile and sterile conditions were evaluated and the relationship between the molecular weight of the ultrafiltration （UF） fractions of SMH and their herbicidal activities were investigated.Besides,the ammonia content changes of the media of SMH treatments 7 d after incubation were also analyzed.The results showed that SMH inhibited the radicle growth of germinating L.perenne seeds in a dose-dependent manner under non-sterile condition.However,SMH in the concentrations investigated increased the radicle length and shoot length by 14-17% and 11-15% respectively under sterile condition.The ammonia contents in the SMH media at all treatments increased greatly from less than 0.01 mg L-1 to up to 11.86-41.37 mg L-1 after 7 d incubation under non-sterile condition.However,ammonia content did not change under sterile condition,proposing that the herbicidal activity might be caused by the free ammonia released from SMH by microbial activity.There was no difference on the perennial ryegrass radicle inhibition among the UF fractions of SMH on an equivalent N basis.It could be concluded that SMH exerted its herbicidal activity through the free ammonia released under non-sterile condition instead of by specific peptide（s） in SMH.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Phenoxysulfonylureas Derivatives

Thirteen novel phenoxysulfonylureas derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by MS, NMR and element analysis. The herbicidal activity and structure-activity relationship were also investigated. The results of preliminary active tests indicate that the compounds show moderate herbicidal activity.

Study on Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds Containing P-P Bond

N,N′-diphenylurea reacted with phosphorus trichloride and phenyl dichlorophosphane giving the heterocyclic compounds 1 and 2 with a direct phosphorus-phosphorus bond (P-P bond), respectively. The new compounds were characterized by elementary analysis, NMR and IR spectra. The results of preliminary bioassay showed that these heterocycles possess selective herbicidal activity at 1.5 kg/hm2.

Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of 5,7-Dimethoxy-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetyl- imino)-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine

The title compound 5,7-dimethoxy-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetylimino)-2H-1,2,4- thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine has been synthesized. In order to investigate the relationship between the structure and herbicidal activity of the target compound, we report its crystal structure and herbi- cidal behavior in the present paper. Crystallographic data: C15H12N4O4Cl2S, Mr = 415.25, mono- clinic, space group P21/n, a = 10.7361(8), b = 11.9610(9), c = 13.0990(10) ?, β = 96.988(2)o, Z = 4, V = 1669.6(2) ?3, Dc = 1.652 g/cm3, F(000) = 848, R = 0.0394, wR = 0.0797 and μ(MoKα) = 0.545 mm-1.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of N-(7-Chloro-5-ethoxy-2H-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a] pyrimidin-2-ylidene)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanamide

The title compound N-（7-chloro-5-ethoxy-2H-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin- 2-ylidene）- 2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）propanamide 3 has been synthesized through using bromine as cyclic reagent in 63% isolated yield. Suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystallization from the mixture solvents at room temperature. Crystallographic data of 3： C 16H13C13O3S, Mr = 447.71, triclinic, space group P1, a = 8.7461（8）, b = 9.9560（10）, c = 11.8572（11） A, a = 94.341（2）, β = 94.683（2）, γ = 112.929（2）°, Z = 2, V= 941.21（15） A^3, Dc = 1.580 g/cm^3, F（000） = 456, R = 0.0794, wR = 0.2056 andμ（MoKa） = 0.623 mm^-1. The title compound 3 was found to be effective in herbicidal activity.

Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of N-(5,7-Dimethoxy-2H-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin-2-ylidene)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanamide

The title compound N-（5,7-dimethoxy-2H-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin-2- ylidene）-2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）propanamide 3 has been synthesized through using bromine as cyclic reagent in 66% isolated yield. Suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystallization from the mixture solvents at room temperature. Crystallographic data of 3： C32H28Ci4N8O9S2, Mr = 874.56, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 18.612（8）, b = 14.084（6）, c = 14.757（6） A, α = 90.00, β = 95.505（7）, ）, = 90.00°, Z = 4, V= 3850（3） A^3, Dc = 1.509 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1792, R = 0.0704, wR = 0.1454 and ° = 0.479 mm^-1. The title compound 3 was found to be effective in herbicidal activity.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 1-Phenoxyacetyl-3-arylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Compounds

In order to find new herbicidal compounds, twelve novel 1-phenoxyacetyl-3-arylimidazolidine-2,4-dione compounds were designed and synthesized by substructure combination strategy using 3-arylimidazolidine-2,4-dione as the intermediate. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by;H NMR and IR. The preliminary bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds had good inhibition against rape and barnyardgrass at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Especially, compound H3 and H5 showed 100% inhibitory activity against rape.

Herbicidal Activity of 41% Flufenacet SC and Indoor Measurement of Safety to Soybean, Wheat and Maize

[Objective] The paper was to explore the herbicidal activity of 41% flufenacet SC and its safety to soybean, wheat and maize. [Method]The herbicidal activity of 41% flufenacet SC on four species of weeds and its safety to three crops were determined by indoor bioactivity assay.[Result] 41% Flufenacet SC had good control effects against Amaranthus retroflexus, Descurainia Sophia, Bromus japonicus and Echinochloa crusgalli, with the ED90 of 154.1, 204.9, 273.1 and 140.9（a.i.） g/hm2, respectively. [Conclusion] The selectivity index of 41% flufenacet SC between the three crops tested and the two species of weeds was 6.63-9.24. The agent had good safety to soybean, wheat and maize.

Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystal Structure and Herbicidal Activity of(E)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)vinyl 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetate

A new crystal of（E）-2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）-1-（5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl）vinyl 2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）acetate has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 7.9393（17）, b = 11.974（3） ？, c = 13.532（3） ？, α = 90.937（4）, β = 101.998（3）, γ = 101.363（4）°, V = 1231.5（5） ？3, Dc = 1.500 Mg/m3, Z = 2, F（000） = 568 and μ = 0.585 mm^（-1）. The molecular packing in the crystal is the result of C（10）–H（10）···O（5） hydrogen bond, as well as weak π-π stacking interactions. The herbicidal activity results indicated that the title compound 3 showed 80~100% inhibitory activities against all of the tested weeds at a dosage of 150 g×ai/ha.

Syntheses and Herbicidal Activity of New Pyrimidinyl（triazinyl）oxy Substituted Carboxylic Derivatives

New compounds were synthesized,which belong to 3 types of pyrimidinyl(triazinyl)oxy substituted carboxylic derivatives respectively.In bioassay,the effects of the structural factors on the herbicidal activity were investigated,in which the stereochemistry has a strong influence on the activity.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 2-Benzoyliminopyrimido[3,2-b]-1 2,4-Thiadiazolines

A series of 2-benzoyliminopyrimido[3,2-b]-1,2,4-thiadiazolines were synthesized and tested for herbicidal effects. All of them are new compounds and their structures were confirmed by (HNMR)-H-1, IR, MS. The preliminary herbicidal tests show that some of the target compounds have potent activity and very good selectivity to rice.

Antifungal,Insecticidal and Herbicidal Properties of Volatile Components from Paenibacillus polymyxa Strain BMP-11

The volatiles produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa strain BMP-11 which was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cucumber in a greenhouse were analyzed by SPME-GC-MS.Based on the preliminary test,three kinds of purchased commercial products 1-octen-3-ol,benzothiazole and citronellol were chosen to give further assessment of their bioactivity.Antifungal bioassays in sealed dishes revealed that those three compounds strongly inhibited the mycelia growth of the eight pathogens at a low treatment dosage and induced the mycelial morphological abnormalities.During the experiment,we even found that citronellol completely prevented the pigment production of the tested fungus,Fusarium oxysporum,however,1-octen-3-ol and benzothiazole had slight effect.The germination was inhibited to different degrees when spores of Botrytis cinerea exposed to these compounds for 24 h in water agar plate.Furthermore,fumigation results showed that 1-octen-3-ol and benzothiazole had strong toxicity against Tribolium castaneum,LC50 was 16.76 and 3.50 mg L-1,respectively.The fumigation activity was also found similar to the positive control,1,3-dichloropropene （LC50 =10.13 mg L-1）.Results of herbicidal assays showed that tested compounds had inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus,Echinochloa crusgalli and Chenopodium album.Findings of the present study suggested that the antifungal,insecticidal and herbicidal properties of the components were contained in volatiles.These agents or even their derivatives may have a potential to be used as fungicide,insecticide as well as herbicide.

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of 3-(Substituted phenyl)isoxazole Derivatives

Several novel 3-(substituted phenyl)isoxazole derivatives were prepared from phenyl butan-1,3-dione. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, and CIMS. Preliminary bioassay showed that some of them exhibited good activities toward various weeds.